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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Effects of Crop Residues and Tillage Operations on Soil Quality Indices
    Autorzy:
    Emami, Hojat
    Riahinia, Fateme
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2088172.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    crop residues
    conservation tillage
    conventional tillage
    soil quality
    Opis:
    Tillage and plant residues influence soil attributes and, consequently, soil quality. Therefore, suitable management and maintaining the stability of soil structure is important. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of tillage systems on soil quality during a 4-year crop rotation (wheat, canola, wheat and tomato) at the Agricultural Research Center of Khorasan Razavi province (Iran) from 2011 to 2015. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with 3 replications. For this purpose, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT) systems together with three rates of plant residues (0, 1,500, and 3,000 kg ha-1) were applied annually after harvesting. Soil quality was determined by using the integrated quality index (IQI) and Nemoro quality index (NQI) based on total data set (TDS) and minimum data set (MDS). In total, 23 physical, chemical, and biological soil characteristics were considered as TDS and 7 out of these were selected as MDS for use in the principal component analysis (PCA). Soil quality in different tillage treatments was determined and the most appropriate indices and effective characteristics for soil quality assessment were selected. Correlation coefficients between IQITDS and IQIMDS (r = 0.69) and between NQITDS and NQIMDS (r = 0.76) showed that NQI was a better indicator for assessing soil quality. The NQITDS provided a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of soil quality. However, using MDS reduced the cost and time with proper precision. Soil quality in MT and NT treatments was more desirable than the CT system, and the addition of plant residues improved the soil quality. According to the results of NQITDS, IQITDS, and IQIMDS, soil quality in the NT system with 3,000 kg ha-1 of plant residues and the MT system with 1,500 and 3,000 kg ha-1 of plant residues were more favorable than other soil tillage treatments. Soil characteristics that decreased soil quality in the conventional tillage were soil structure, macro and micronutrients, while in conservation tillage it was micronutrients, especially Zn.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Soil Science; 2021, 54, 2; 167-183
    0079-2985
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Soil Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biochar from residual biomass in Turkey, and possibility of return to the soil: an estimation of the supply and demand
    Autorzy:
    Kutlu, Ozben
    Kocar, Gunnur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148758.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
    Tematy:
    biochar
    torrefaction
    slow pyrolysis
    soil amendment
    soil taxonomy of Turkey
    agriculture
    crop residues
    Opis:
    The aim of the study was to analyse the potential of production and utilization of biochar as a marketable product in agriculture for Turkey. Towards this aim, the distribution of ar- able land, crop residues and soil types of Turkey were identified. The biochar production potential was evaluated depending on prominent residual biomass streams in Turkey. In addition, how much biochar would be needed for arable soil types found in Tur- key was estimated according to previous studies which investi- gated the effect of biochar on similar soil taxonomy and/or plant grown. Total crop production is focused on southern, western and central Anatolia, although the arable lands of Turkey prevail in seven regions. The residues of wheat, barley, corn and cotton stalk, tea, banana, hazelnuts and forest were found to be higher than other residuals in different regions and they could be suitable for biochar production. Furthermore, it was highlighted that the low water holding capacity of soil, alkalinity, salinity and soil pollution impeded the crop productivity. Although, the biochar produced from prominent residues was one-fiftieth less than that of total estimated amount of biochar needed for arable soils, it ob- viously improves the plant growth and soil characteristics, when used together with fertilizer, especially for zonal and intrazonal soils. At this point, it could be focused on the long-term field ex- periments due to determine the special and productive addition rate of biochar for Turkey, and biochar addition to the soil could be channelled into threatened priority arable lands by the public authorities.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2017, 30; 10-24
    2081-2787
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Agronomy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ wysokości ścierniska przedplonu i sposobu uprawy roli na plonowanie kilku odmian pszenicy ozimej
    The effect of forecrop stubble height and soil tillage system on yielding of some winter wheat cultivars
    Autorzy:
    Weber, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/238669.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
    Tematy:
    system uprawy
    odmiana
    pszenica ozima
    pozostałości pożniwne
    soil tillage system
    winter wheat
    cultivar
    crop residues
    Opis:
    Celem pracy była analiza plonowania wybranych odmian pszenicy ozimej w warunkach zróżnicowanej wysokości ścierniska i różnych systemów uprawy roli. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2008-2010 na glebie kompleksu żytniego dobrego. Doświadczenie trzyczynnikowe założono w układzie split-split-plot. Czynnikiem I był sposób zbioru przedplonu pszenicy: a) niskie ściernisko (10 cm), b) wysokie ściernisko (40 cm). W ramach czynnika II rozlosowano systemy uprawy roli: a) siew bezpośredni, b) uprawa bezpłużna, c) uprawa konwencjonalna - płużna. Czynnikim III były odmiany pszenicy ozimej: a) Mewa, b) Rapsodia, c) Legenda. Stosując bezpłużne systemy po przedplonach zbożowych, uzyskuje się mniejsze plony pszenicy niż w warunkach konwencjonalnej uprawy. Pozostawiając wysokie ściernisko i prawidłowo dobierając odmianę, można jednak osiągnąć większe lub porównywalne plony tego gatunku. Niezależnie od systemu uprawy roli i wysokości ścierniska, liczba kłosów na jednostce powierzchni jest decydującym elementem, wpływającym na wielkość plonu pszenicy ozimej.
    The study analysed yielding of selected winter wheat cultivars under conditions of differentiated stubble height and various soil tillage systems. Investigations conducted within years 2008-2010, were localized on good rye soil complex. Experiment in split-split-plot design included three experimental factors. Factor I - harvest technique of wheat forecrop: a) low (10 cm) stubble, b) high (40 cm) stubble. Factor II dealt with various soil tillage systems: a) direct sowing, b) simplified (ploughless) tillage, c) conventional tillage (ploughing). Within factor III the wheat cultivars: a) Mewa, b) Rapsodia, c) Legenda, were evaluated. At the use of ploughless tillage after cereal forecrops, decreased wheat yields were obtained, as compared with conventional tillage. However, at high stubble stand and properly matched wheat cultivar, it was possible to achieve comparable, or even higher yields of winter wheat. Irrespective of soil tillage system and height of stubble, the number of ears per area unit was a main component affecting the yield of winter wheat.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej; 2011, R. 19, nr 1, 1; 31-39
    1231-0093
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of different cropping conditions, depth of burial, age of seeds, and allelopathic effect of different crops on the germi-nation behavior of little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) seeds
    Autorzy:
    Prabhakar, Sivapuram Venkata Rama Krishna
    Yaduraju, N. T.
    Dadlani, Malavika
    Gopal, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2199653.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-04-19
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
    Tematy:
    allelopathic effect
    anaerobic conditions
    crop residues
    depth of burial
    germination
    membrane permeability
    rice-wheat cropping system
    Opis:
    Pot culture experiments were conducted to find out the effect of different cropping conditions, depth of burial and age of seeds on the survival of little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) seeds. The results indicated that the soil temperature modifications through the flooding or filed capacity moisture status of the soil influenced the germination and viability of the buried weed seeds rather than the crops per se. It was observed that the seeds lost their viability because of the anaerobic conditions and high temperatures and through increased membrane permeability of the seeds. The P. minor Retz. seeds were found to be sensitive to anaerobic conditions. The longevity of seeds buried in rice-wheat system and Flooding-wheat system was found low when compared to those buried under soybean-wheat and field capacity-wheat conditions. The in situ effect of rainy season (kharif) crops was found to confine to influencing the initial germination (vigor) of the little seed canary grass with cowpea, groundnut, soybean and sunflower inhibiting the initial germination of little seed canary grass. This inhibition was absent at the end of germination counts taken after twenty days after keeping for germination. The residual effect of cowpea, rice, soybean and sunflower was observed. The application of pearl millet and rice residues has considerably reduced the little seed canary grass germination, plant height, seedling fresh weight and leaf area at thirty days after sowing.
    Źródło:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2012, 65; 99-112
    1429-3862
    2083-599X
    Pojawia się w:
    Plant Breeding and Seed Science
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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