Temat: Victimology - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Criminal Climatology — New Tool for Identifi cation of Civilization Threats in the Environmental Protection Area. National, Regional and Global Perspective
Autorzy:: Pływaczewski, Wiesław
Duda, Maciej
Narodowska, Joanna
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375060.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2020
Wydawca:: Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:: criminology
ecocriminology
criminal climatology
climate changes
victimology
Opis:: The following paper is devoted to the problem of criminal climatology. It is one of the innovative issues analyzed within the framework of ecocriminology — a new field of criminology that has been dynamically developing since the beginning of the 20th century. The issue is analysed from a national, regional and global perspective. The authors of the study analyse and synthesise the scientific achievements of ecocriminology to date, with particular emphasis on criminal problems related to climate. It should be stressed that research in this area has so far been undertaken almost exclusively in the Anglo-Saxon criminology circle. The gap in the Polish criminological literature is filled by the representatives of the Olsztyn School of Ecocriminology. At the same time, the authors of the article try to answer the question whether there are relations between climatic and weather phenomena and criminal and pathological behaviour. In the opinion of the authors, ecocriminological research may constitute a new tool to identify civilization’s threats in the area of environmental protection. Criminal climatology can therefore be a valuable source of criminological thought to fill the gaps in the existing knowledge on crime and pathological behaviours. At the same time, it is a very prospective trend in scientific analysis which requires further research work. The article discusses the genesis of criminal climatology, characterises its achievements to date, specifies the main areas of climatic threats and proposes directions for potential future scientific undertakings in this area.
Źródło:: Internal Security; 2020, 12(1); 281-305
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:: Internal Security
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Skocz do pozycji: 2.

Tytuł:: Związki między wiktymizacją oraz ubóstwem i wykluczeniem społecznym
Relations of victimisation to poverty and social exclusion
Autorzy:: Klaus, Witold
Woźniakowska-Fajst, Dagmara
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699027.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2012
Wydawca:: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:: bieda a przestępczość
polityka kryminalna
wiktymizacja
criminology
crime
poverty
victimology
victimization
social exclusion
Opis:: Since the emergence of criminology as a science, one of the main problems taken up by criminologists was the relations between poverty and crime. Initially, the studies aimed to work out actions to prevent crime and to protect the rest of the society from the marginalized, the excluded and the poor. It was pointed out that that the group called the underclass was marked by criminal deeds of its members, alcohol abuse, family disruption, single parenting, dependence on social security, and physical abuse in families. Only until later, with the development of victimology, the other side started to be observed – the description of the underclass is true as much in the case of perpetrators as it is in the case of victims. It has been proved that poverty and marginalization are related to a higher risk of becoming a victim of a crime. In case of poverty and social exclusion, one can speak of a cause-effect relationship but undoubtedly this can work in both directions – poverty usually adds to social exclusion while social exclusion (particularly more severe, like e.g. ostracism) can lead to poverty. Already at the time of emergence of victimology it was observed that victimization does not concern all members of a society to the same degree. Some social groups become crime victims more often than others. Certain categories of people were recognized as particularly vulnerable to wrongful deeds. In 1947 Hans von Hentig drafted up the first categorisation of persons who were at an increased risk of victimization. It included particular categories of people whose psychological, physical, and behavioural features predispose them to the role of a victim. The author listed larger social groups (eg. young people or women) but also such groups which are included in the context of social exclusion today. He claimed that, among others, mentally ill, retarded, substance dependant are particularly vulnerable to victimisation because their limited perception of situation makes them an easier target to theft, con or fraud. He listed immigrants who are in cultural conflict and rejected by the majority as „aliens”, the poor, and people with emotional problems as all these weaknesses could be easily used by criminals. Other minorities faced similar problems. Social inequality touches upon them in a greater degree and this increases the risk of victimisation. Today, we speak of victimisation of minorities also in the context of prejudice-motivated crimes and the elderly are one of the most vulnerable groups. Benjamin Mendelsohn accented not individual features of victims but their behaviour in cer-tain situational context. According to the author, persons whose behaviour infringes principles of social co-existence and, as a consequence, who put themselves at risk of marginalization, are exactly those who can easily become victims. Living apart from the society and contrary to its rules after all influences the risk of victimization.
Źródło:: Archiwum Kryminologii; 2012, XXXIV; 43-89
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:: Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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