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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Kryteria rozgraniczania przestępstw i wykroczeń
    The differences between crimes and misdemeanours
    Autorzy:
    Kowalski, Karol
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/478537.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Europejskie Stowarzyszenie Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
    Tematy:
    crime
    offense
    punishment
    social harm
    criminal and administrative law
    Opis:
    The aim of this article is to defi ne boundaries between crime and misdemeanours. The reference point for discussion are provisions of the Codes as well as out of them. First discussed part presents three main European models of responsibility for the misdemeanours (French, Austrian and German) and stages of development of the law on misdemeanours in Poland. The second part concerns strict criteria for delimiting areas of crime and delinquency. Particular attention is given to the following issues: decision-making body, breach or threat different to the penalty, the adjudicating authority, violating the legal interests, criminal threats and the degree of social harm. One of the conclusions of the thesis is the absence of the present possible solutions to the dispute over the qualitative or quantitative difference between the offenses
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland; 2014, 2; 11-22
    2299-8055
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Prawniczy Europejskiego Stowarzyszenia Studentów Prawa ELSA Poland
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    System kar i represji karnej w starożytności
    Ancient system of penalties and criminal sanctions
    Autorzy:
    Ślęzak, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Gdańska Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczna
    Tematy:
    punishment
    crime
    criminal law
    ancient times
    kara
    przestępstwo
    prawo karne
    starożytność
    Opis:
    In ancient Egypt the punishment had public character. Capital punishments and corporal punishments were also used. Code of Hammurabi was based on lex talionis. The most severe punishment was capital punishment. Liability of builders, physicians, veterinarians was based on objective principle. Hebrew law was based on the principle of fued. In ancient Greece were functioning the expanded catalogue of punishments. In Roman law was functioning the division of crimes on crimina publica and delicta privata
    Źródło:
    Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość; 2014, 11; 73-84
    1731-8440
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Gdańskie. Wizje i rzeczywistość
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestępstwo i kara w filozoficznym ujęciu Johna Finnisa
    Crime and punishment in the light of John Finnis’s natural-law philosophy
    Autorzy:
    Peno, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/476449.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
    Tematy:
    John Finnis
    crime
    punishment
    criminal responsibility
    retribution
    przestępstwo
    kara
    odpowiedzialność karna
    retrybucja
    Opis:
    The main aim of this article is to outline the concept of criminal responsibility emerging from John Finnis’s natural law philosophy. Finnis accepts the retrospective point of view of punishment (retribution), rejecting the idea of social reintegration (re-socialization, rehabilitation). Only aim of the punishment is to restore the so called social balance, violated by crime. The key to Finnis’s approach is that crime, responsibility, justice and punishment are understood in terms of the natural law tradition. Finnis’s concept of the criminal responsibility is treated as the starting point for reinterpretation of classical (or traditional) retributivism in the spirit of natural law. Moreover, the reinterpretation takes into account the critical comments formulated by scholars from the so called radical criminology, abolitionism, and penal minimalism.
    Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie koncepcji odpowiedzialności karnej wyłaniającej się z prawnonaturalnej filozofii Johna Finnisa. Finnis przyjmuje retrybutywny punkt widzenia kary, odrzucając wszelkie idee resocjalizacji czy rehabilitacji społecznej. Kara ma przywracać równowagę społeczną zachwianą wskutek przestępstwa. Kluczowe dla ujęcia Finnisa jest jednak to, że zarówno przestępstwo, odpowiedzialność, jak i sprawiedliwość kary pojmuje on w kategoriach tradycji prawa natury. Koncepcja Finnisa stanowi punkt wyjścia do reinterpretacji retrybutywizmu w duchu prawnonaturalnym, uwzględniającej krytykę kierowaną przeciw klasycznym teoriom karania przez te wszystkie nurty w nauce prawa karnego, które dążą do radykalnych reform czy rewolucji tej gałęzi prawa (czy systemu prawa karnego).
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały; 2018, 1(22); 63-80
    1689-8052
    2451-0807
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przestępczość i polityka karna w krajach postkomunistycznych: spojrzenie laika
    Crime and Penal Policy in Post-Communist States: a Layman’s Perspective
    Autorzy:
    Siemaszko, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699122.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
    Tematy:
    przestępczość
    polityka karna
    państwa postkomunistyczne
    kara
    polityka kryminalna
    badania wiktymizacyjne
    crime
    penal policy
    post-communist states
    punishment
    criminal policy
    victim study
    Opis:
    Can we seriously analyse penal policy trends in the post-communist states if we have no idea on the penal legislation in these countries, on trends in crime combat and prevention or the current shape of the penal policy, including in particular penal code reforms that are being developed or implemented? We would naturally say no. The author, however, attempts to prove that such an analysis is possible provided one has access to relevant statistical data. The data are contained mainly in three publications: European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics, Penological Information Bulletin and Atlas przestępczości w Polsce [Overview of Crime in Poland]. For the purposes of this paper, the data were significantly modified not to include some of the post-communist states. For various reasons, mainly due to the data credibility and completeness, the author focussed only on ten such states, i.e. Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary. Some comparisons also include Bulgaria. Firstly, an analysis of the data shows that the common characteristics of the post-communist states under discussion are their high crime levels, both in terms of dynamics and prevalence. An exceptionally high level of crime risk is also displayed in the victimological research results. Secondly, a comparison of crime reporting levels clearly shows that the crime level in our region is actually much higher than police statistics might suggest. This is also confirmed by the results of nationwide Polish research held every four years within the International Crime Survey. We usually are one of the last countries in terms of crime reporting levels. It seems that people in our region are generally quite reluctant to report crime (due to our mistrust in police effectiveness), which makes our official crime statistics extremely unreliable. Therefore, while victimological research in the Western European countries may be treated as an interesting alternative to police statistics (and we actually could do without the latter), in our region, such research is a must. Thirdly, due to the extremely unreliable police statistics, it is essential to initiate victimological research in the countries of our region, and ideally to include them in the International Crime Survey. Without reliable victimological studies, we will have to rely on the police data that sometimes seem to be a tactless joke.  The author's analysis, although not aimed at establishing any general rules, but rather at clearly describing the facts, naturally brings some obvious conclusions. The first conclusion is that all the former Soviet bloc countries were characterised by high crime levels at the turn of the 21st century. And the times are not conducive to softening penal repressions, which makes it obvious that most states under discussion continued their rather harsh penal policy compared to the Western countries. Poland was an interesting exception with its new and extremely liberal penal legislation having been introduced in the period of an extremely sharp crime growth. However, the author underlines that these developments had fortunately little influence on the judicial practice, all the more so since the main legislative and judicial changes to ease penal repressions had been introduced earlier. In other words, already before 1997 when the new penal codification was adopted, we had reached a dead end in crime policy liberalisation and there was no space left for more such changes for fear of mass protests and riots. The fact that the new and much more liberal penal code did not bring significant changes in the judicial practice proves the advantage of the judicial opinion over penal code solutions. This means and is clearly confirmed in the Polish experience that the form of penal legislation is much less important (though not unimportant) than specific judicial practice. All the states under analysis still show a disastrous structure of the length of unsuspended prison sentences. On the one hand, the shortest terms (up to one year, or even six months) are used too rarely, and on the other, too seldom are also the relatively long terms of ten and more years of prison. That makes sentence diversification seem insufficient. In all the states under discussion, the dominating group of imprisonment sentences are those from one to three years, which is inefficient from the criminology perspective, quite costly, and leads to the overpopulation of prisons. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that all these countries have such high imprisonment rates per 100,000 inhabitants.
    Źródło:
    Archiwum Kryminologii; 2006, XXVIII; 67-94
    0066-6890
    2719-4280
    Pojawia się w:
    Archiwum Kryminologii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wymiar kar kościelnych w kontekście salus animarum
    Dimension of ecclesiastical penalties in the context of salus animarum
    Autorzy:
    Wroceński, Józef
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553550.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wyższe Seminarium Misyjne Księży Sercanów
    Tematy:
    Kościół
    przestępstwa
    sankcje karne
    wymiar sankcji
    kara kościelna
    pokuta
    władza
    władza karania
    środki karne
    Church
    crime
    criminal sanctions
    dimension of penalties
    ecclesiastical penalty
    penance
    power
    power of punishment
    punitive measures
    Opis:
    In his paper, the author considers the question of the dimension of ecclesiastical penalties in the context of the salvation of souls. He reaches the conclusion that the law of the Church and the power of punishment are closely associated with the same nature and mission of the Church which was established by Christ, not only as a spiritual community linked by supernatural bonds but also as a visible community, which, for the realization of its salvific mission (salus animarum), has at its disposal various means, including the power to inflict penalties. Ecclesiastical penalty always entails some diminution or even deprivation of rights that belonged to a person because of the state of life in the Church. The Church and, more precisely, those who stand at the head of communities apply penalties under the authority of Christ. The infliction of ecclesiastical penalties is effectuated within the triple function of the power of governance, i.e. legislative, executive, and judicial. However, criminal sanctions are inflicted on condition of external violation and it must be a violation of some penal statute, general or particular, or penal regulation. In addition, there must be significant sanity as a result of intentional or unintentional guilt. If it lacks any of the above-mentioned elements, it is not possible to impose of a criminal sanction in the Church in a particular case. Although this principle is absolute, still it permits an exception. Namely, the legislator allows punishment also for exceeding the legal provision that is not backed by a criminal sanction under two conditions: if the special gravity of the offense demands punishing and if, at the same time, the need to avoid scandal or to repair it is urgent. This is always done in the context of the salus animarum.
    Źródło:
    Sympozjum; 2016, 2(31); 9-40
    2543-5442
    Pojawia się w:
    Sympozjum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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