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Wyszukujesz frazę "environmental protection," wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Marine gas engine marine gas engines application speaking of 6th Marpol Annex
Autorzy:
Wandor, J.
Kończewicz, W.
Wojtaszak, M.
Kamieniecki, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241887.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
The International Maritime Organization set up a global strategy for reducing emission of sulphur from marine fuels, from 4.5% to 0.5% by the end of the year 2020. In order to such strategy, ship-owners need to fulfil increasing demands according to reduce pollution. New regulations, force ship-owners to reduce production of pollution, but as the devices create to remove some part of pollution are very expensive in use, began to search for cheaper and more effective solutions. The main aim of this article is to present superiority of using gas fuel over liquid fuel on ships. The construction of marine engines, run by a gas fuel is in the scope of interest of scientist’s research during the last couple of years. This branch of technology develops very dynamic recently, according to savings that can be reach while using gas engines on ships. Apart of cost reduction, new types of marine engines are able to cope with more and more restrictive regulations that are published in international convention MARPOL. Such restriction became the reason for the biggest, international corporations, specialists in engines production, to carry on long-term researches on new ways to power ship engines. One of the world’s greatest engine producer is British Rolls-Royce that became pioneer and built the first gas engine. New power unit, Bergen B-gas B35:40V is the one of the most modern type of such engine in the world. The solid construction of this engine was based on engine B32. It became very efficiently because of many rationalizations in maintenance and exploitation. Two main priorities, while developing conception for this model, were minimization of fuel consumption and operating simplification. The authors of these article present advantages of using marine engines powered by gas, according to the international MARPOL regulations that became very restrictive in order to protect marine environment. As the examples were used products of Rolls-Royce Company.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 479-484
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental pollution caused by a direct injection engine
Autorzy:
Jankowski, A.
Kowalski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243382.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
In the paper, the authors made an analysis of mechanisms of the toxic components formation of exhaust gases in the direct injection engines. The genesis as well as the typical engine construction solution with the use of direct injection in diesel engines and these with positive ignition was developed. The typical construction solution of the Common Rail (CR) system, which is one of many elements increasing the purity of exhaust gases, was also presented. The basic advantages of direct injection, especially in case of the positive ignition engine, were also briefly described. Then, the mechanism for the formation of toxic components of exhaust gases in the direct injection diesel engines was presented. Moreover, the definition and dependency on the indicated mean effective pressure were shown, and the closed indicator graph, which is indispensable to calculate values of this pressure, was also (graphically) presented. In this paper, the mechanisms and processes, with the use of which it is possible to reduce the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases, were quoted. The exhaust gas recirculation with the EGR valve, which allows supplying the exact amount of gases to the engine inlet system, is such an example. The advantages of using this type of solutions were described, and a typical construction solution was presented in the diagram. The paper was completed with a conclusion, which emphasised the importance of direct injection on reducing the emission of toxic components of exhaust gases.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 4; 133-138
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pneumatic two-stroke engine as an alternative power source
Autorzy:
Mitianiec, W.
Wiatrak, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
simulation
combustion engines
environmental protection
Opis:
The paper presents the possibility of use of the pneumatic piston engine with two-stroke cycle of the work as an alternative drive source or additional power for the battery regeneration in the electric vehicles. The energy for the engine work is taken from the energy of the air stored at high pressure (about 30 MPa) in the bottle. The pressure in the bottle is reduced to smaller value and the air is injected to the cylinder at short time when piston is in TDC position by the pneumatic injector. The engine has not the transfer ports and its torque depends on the air pressure, injection timing and engine speed. The two-stroke cycle work enables better efficiency and specific air consumption than that with a four-stroke cycle of the work. The pneumatic engine of small dimensions, however with high power fulfil the regulations of the environmental protection with zero emission. The paper presents the mathematical model of the engine based on thermodynamic processes (mass and energy balance). On such considerations the computer program was written by the author for the determination of the most important factors. The results of the calculations are included in the graphs showing the influence of the control parameters (air pressure, injection timing and flow area of the injector on the engine working parameters.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 357-366
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hydrogenization of road transport on the example of Sweden, Poland and Japan
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Gis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243021.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
hydrogenization
combustion engines
environmental protection
Opis:
The article analyses the activities within the EU and national (Sweden, Poland) concerning the introduction of hydrogen fuel in road transport. The advantages and disadvantages of this drive were addressed. A directional program of hydrogen propulsion technology motion was presented on the example of Sweden and Poland. The most recent activities in Sweden regard the so-called Nordic Hydrogen Corridor European Project. The location of basic hydrogen refuelling stations in Poland until 2030 was proposed (HIT-2-Corridors European Project). These stations should be located in both TEN-T corridors running through Poland, i.e. in 1 – Poznan, 2 – Warsaw, 3 – Bialystok, 4 – Szczecin, 5 – the Lodz region, 6 – the Tri-City region, 7 – Wroclaw, 8 – the Katowice region, 9 – Krakow, to ensure the possibility of passing vehicles equipped with fuel cells (FCEV – Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) among others between Western Europe and Scandinavia. For comparison, the article discusses FCEV development and initial hydrogen market creation in Japan. In the article is presented reasons for hydrogen society in Japan. The reasons are as follows: hydrogen is CO2 free; hydrogen can be produced from various sources, energy security – local production and consumption of energy, energy security – compensating for fluctuations in renewable energy production. In the article is presented Hydrogen/FCEV strategy Roadmap in Japan in context Hydrogen/FCEV Roadmap in China.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 2; 137-140
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The investigations of fume emissions of engines
Autorzy:
Żółtowski, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2008
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
toxic fume components
environmental protection
Opis:
The results of the investigations of the post and exploitation emissions of the harmful components of the fumes of engines from CI were introduced In the work. Obtained results were subjected to a statistical study according to new computer procedures. Qualitative and quantitative reports were established for the level and kind of emission in reference to the changes of the state of studied engines. The need for detailed analysis ofphenomena changes of state destruction of the examined engines, with a vast number of measuring data, requires the use of specialized methods of statistical concluding. The presented results were submitted to statistical analysis, where the methods OPTIMUM and AVD were used, as well as correlation and regression methods. It gave the possibility of quality and quantity comparison of results of fumes contents from stationary tests and exploitation researches. The results of this research allow a model (mathematical relations) determination of relations between smoking and the quantity of toxic fume components of a high-pressure engine. The performed tests and analyses in his work's researches indicate tothe conclusions: in the engine of self-acting ignition (CI) the emission of carbon oxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoking are considerable, especially during start-up and engine warming; along with the decrease of environment temperature, the emission of CO, HC and smoking increase, whilst the quantity of NOx goes down, providing premises confirming the specified regulations of forming dangers on the side of engine fumes emission; the phases of start-up and warming up of the CI engine are characterized by increased fuel usage and increased emission of carbon oxide - CO, giving information and sensitising vehicle users to these harmful for the engine working conditions, the influence of environment temperature on the emission and smoking of fumes during hot start-ups is weaker than during cold start-ups.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 2; 579-592
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An attempt to reduce the emission of spark-ignition engine with mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline as substitute fuels
Autorzy:
Gis, Wojciech
Gis, Maciej
Wiśniowski, Piotr
Bednarski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247883.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Limiting emissions of harmful substances is a key task for vehicle manufacturers. Excessive emissions have a negative impact not only on the environment, but also on human life. A significant problem is the emission of nitrogen oxides as well as solid particles, in particular those up to a diameter of 2.5 microns. Carbon dioxide emissions are also a problem. Therefore, work is underway on the use of alternative fuels to power the vehicle engines. The importance of alternative fuels applies to spark ignition engines. The authors of the article have done simulation tests of the Renault K4M 1.6 16v traction engine for emissions for fuels with a volumetric concentration of bioethanol from 10 to 85 percent. The analysis was carried out for mixtures as substitute fuels – without doing any structural changes in the engine's crankshafts. Emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, oxygen at full throttle for selected rotational speeds as well as selected engine performance parameters such as maximum power, torque, hourly and unit fuel consumption were determined. On the basis of the simulation tests performed, the reasonableness of using the tested alternative fuels was determined on the example of the drive unit without affecting its constructions, in terms of e.g. issue. Maximum power, torque, and fuel consumption have also been examined and compared. Thus, the impact of alternative fuels will be determined not only in terms of emissions, but also in terms of impact on the parameters of the power unit.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 3; 31-38
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Self-learning control algorithms used to manage the operating of an internal combustion engine
Autorzy:
Graba, Mariusz
Mamala, Jarosław
Bieniek, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
simulation
combustion engines
environmental protection
neural network
Opis:
The article presents the possibility of using self-learning control algorithms to manage subassemblies of an internal combustion engine in order to reduce exhaust emissions to the natural environment. In compression ignition (CI) engines, the issue of emissions mainly concerns two components: particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The work focuses mainly on the possibility of reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides. It is assumed that the particularly problematic points when it comes to excessive emission of harmful substances are the dynamic states in which combustion engines operate constantly. In dynamically changing operating points, it is very difficult to choose the right setting of actuators such as the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve to ensure the correct operation of the unit and the minimum emission of these substances. In the light of the above, an attempt was made to develop a selflearning mathematical model, which can predict estimated emission levels of selected substance basing on current measurement signals (e.g. air, pressure, crankshaft rotational speed, etc.). The article presents the results of the estimation of nitrogen oxides by the trained neural network in comparison to the values measured with the use of a sensor installed in the exhaust system. The presented levels of estimated and measured results are very similar to each other and shifted over time in favour of neural networks, where the information about the emission level appears much earlier. On the basis of the estimated level, it shall be possible to make an appropriate decision about specific settings of recirculation system components, such as the EGR valve. It is estimated that by using the chosen control method it is possible significantly to reduce the emission of harmful substances into the natural environment while maintaining dynamic properties of the engine.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2019, 26, 4; 75-82
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emissions from engines fuelled with biofuels
Autorzy:
Żółtowski, A
Grzelak, P. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
biofuels
emissions
road transport
combustion engines
environmental protection
Opis:
In recent years, the interest in the use of renewable fuels in transport has increased. This is due to the European Union’s policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These fuels, in addition to the effect of reducing carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases, may increase the emissions of other exhaust components. The article describes the problems of pollutants emissions from the engine exhaust system, related to the use of biofuels in combustion engines or their additives in conventional fuels. The influence of the chemical composition of selected biofuels on the emissions properties of vehicles and their engines will be discussed. The tests results of engines fuelled with selected biofuels, carried out by the authors of the article, will be presented. These tests will be carried out on chassis dynamometer and engine test bench, in standard research tests used in measurements of pollutants emissions like NEDC, ESC, ETC, etc. Furthermore, selected operational parameters of vehicles and engines will be compared with biofuels and conventional fuels.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 533-539
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Electromobility and hydrogenization of the motor transport in Poland now and in the future
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
hydrogenization
combustion engines
electromobility
environmental protection
Opis:
The article analyses activities within the world, EU and Poland in aspect electromobility and hydrogenization now and in the future. Will be presented estimates cars park of global hybrid (HEV), hybrid plug-in (PHEV) and fully electric (BEV). Changes in production volumes and number of registered types of vehicles as abovementioned are presented in a breakdown into world. The overall number of HEVs produced thus far is estimated at approx. 12.5 million and over 1.3 million in Europe. There are roughly 38 thousand HEVs registered in Poland. There were about 800.000 hybrid plug-in vehicles registered in the world in 2016. Of 3.2 million electric plug-in vehicles and BEVs used in the world in 2017 more than 1.2 million were used in China, approx. 750 thousand in the USA, 850 thousand in Europe, including c.a. 650 thousand in the EU countries. Yet, electric plug-in vehicles (BEVs and PHEVs) globally accounted for just 0.3% of the worldwide fleet of passenger cars in 2017. The article also addresses the development of the electric vehicles market and the annual new vehicle registrations. The existing situation in the field of hydrogenization motor transport in the world, in the EU and in Poland will also be analysed. This will be analysed in terms of the number of hydrogen vehicles and hydrogen refuelling stations.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 4; 95-101
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dynamic properties of aluminium alloys used in automotive industry
Autorzy:
Moćko, W.
Kowalewski, Z. L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Around 20 percent of CO2 emitted as a result of human activity on Earth comes from transportation. One of the ideas, which lead to diminishing of the greenhouse gases emission, is reducing of fuel consumption. It may be achieved by introducing a new powertrain solutions as well as lowering overall vehicle weight. The reduction of vehicle weight may be obtained by both a new design of part and structures and application of a new materials i.e. aluminium alloys. It has to be emphasised that weight reduction is very important for combustion engine driven vehicles and electric driven vehicles as well. Mass lowering is especially desirable in the case of electric vehicles because they typically have a very narrow operational range usually lower than 200 km. Therefore even small weight reduction decreases energy consumption of EV and as a consequence increases its range, which is a crucial parameter for users. The results presented in this article were focused on high strength aluminium alloys of 6082-T6 and 7075-T6 types. Applying of those materials enables mass lowering of structures up to 50 percent, maintaining original functionality. Moreover, aluminium alloys may be also used in energy absorbing structures. The goal of tests was to obtain data required in FE analysis. In order to simulate dynamic phenomenon i.e. vehicle crash investigation of the stress-strain curves of alloys were carried out at wide range of strain rates using Hopkinson bar.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 2; 345-351
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Device for control the valvetrain and cylinder pressure of a spark-ignition engine
Autorzy:
Mamala, J.
Graba, M.
Bieniek, A.
Hennek, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
environmental protection
variable compression ratio
valve control
Opis:
This article describes the method of controlling an electric magnetic linear actuator that moves an inlet valve of an internal combustion engine. Thanks to the use of the electric control of the inlet valve of the internal combustion engine, it was possible to implement a variable effective compression ratio of the operating power unit, adapting it to the current needs and engine load. In this design, valvetrain was modified by introducing an autonomous intake valve operation with the use of a specially designed electromagnetic actuator. The introduction of this system necessitated an additional modification of the intake camshaft. The control was carried out with the use of a real-time controller with a built-in FPGA unit. The proposed design of a system with an electromagnetic actuator will allow obtaining an additional degree of freedom in the control unit. Particular attention should be paid to registered values or air pressure in the intake stroke for a closed or partially opened throttle, which generates significant pumping losses. The use of an electromagnetic actuator in the intake can help reduce said losses.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 3; 339-346
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of measurement errors of cvs method used for tests of pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles
Autorzy:
Majerczyk, A.
Radzimirski, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242731.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
The test procedure for the pollutant emissions from light-duty vehicles is currently under verification carried out at the international level. For this purpose, GRPE (Groupe des rapporteurs sur la pollution et energie) – the body developing UNECE regulations proposals - has set up a task group WLTP (Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure) which is supposed to prepare a new GTR (Global Technical Regulation) relating to this procedure. The development of light-duty vehicles, leading to the reduction of pollutants emissions, caused the increase of the requirements for their test procedure. A large number of factors associated, inter alia, with the test equipment affects its accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. In the ongoing analysis attention is paid even to factors, which affect test results in a relatively small way, and which have been overlooked yet. One of the problems to which attention is paid is the impact of pollutant concentration in the dilution air in the CVS (constant volume sampler) system on test results. The CVS principle is accepted as the standard method to determine light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions on chassis dynamometer test cells worldwide. It was introduced in the early 1970s. One of its drawbacks is that it introduces an error resulting from the fact that the contractual DF dilution factor, rather than the actual dilution ratio DR, is used for the correction of concentration measurement results. The article discusses this error for different type of engines used in light-duty vehicles and different pollutants subject to measurements.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 253-259
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Estimation of the oxide catalyst volume and the cells quantity influence on CO, HC and NOx conversion in the AVL boost computing application
Autorzy:
Kruczyński, S.
Kamela, W.
Duniec, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242900.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
combustion engines
catalytic reactors
simulation
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
The article contains the results of the simulation tests of oxidizing catalytic reactor obtained by use of the AVL Boost simulation application. The chemical reactions and the reactions rates on which computations were based are specified in this paper. The simulations were related to the influence of the catalytic reactor volume and reactor’s cells quantity influence on the carbon oxide, hydrocarbons and nitric oxides conversion levels. The influence on the nitric oxides conversion was presented in this paper as the content of NO and NO2 in NOX. The simulated computations were performed separately for the variable reactor volume ranging from 1 to 2.2 dm3 with a step of 0.4 dm3 and for the variable reactor cells quantity ranging from 200 to 600 cells per square inch with a step of 100 cpsi. As the input data for the simulation computations the actual values of the toxic compounds concentrations in the exhaust gases at the outlet of the Diesel engine were used. The measurements of the toxic compounnds were made at the chosen engine steady state work points and are presented in this paper as a graph of the toxic gases concentrations in the form of the function of the engine torque. The simulation computaitons were performed for the same points and their results are also presented in the form of the function of the engine torque. The Results presented in this paper have shown that the increase in the CO, HC and NOX conversion in the case of the oxide catalyst can be obtained both by increasing the reactor volume and its cells quantity. It also have been observed that the increase in the reactor cells quantity and volume is not proportional as regards the toxic gases conversion increase and lowers in the case of higher values of the simulated reactor parameters.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 347-353
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
In - cylinder OH and CO2* detection in SI engine through UV natural emission spectroscopy
Autorzy:
Merola, S. S.
Tornatore, C.
Marchitto, L.
Valentino, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242972.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
road transport
simulation
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
Processes of the combustion of liquid fuels and solid are more complex than combustion of fuel gases. With reference to liquid fuels occur additionally processes of vaporization of the fuel, and with reference to solid fuels - decomposition of the solid phase with processes of melting and vaporization, pyrolysis, or gasification. This simultaneous and also different influence of different parameters is sometimes a reason of incorrect interpretation of experimental results. The study of the theoretical model of the combustion process concerning of liquid and solid fuels and which then the model takes into account also the gas- phase, because combustion processes take place in this phase, and occurs the interaction of the phase gas- and liquid or the solid one. The theoretical model is presented basing on experimental initial researches realized in a model with reference to liquid fuels and solid ones. Researches realized in the constant volume chamber with measurements of the pressure during the process of the combustion with the use of quick photography and with measurement of the distribution of the velocity in the spray of the fuel and droplet measurements by means the laser Doppler equipment LDV and PDPA. There were obtained a good agreement of findings experimental researches with the theoretical model. Generally, on the combustion velocity of liquid fuels and solid one significant influence has a kind (laminar, temporary and turbulent) and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 429-437
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Projections of future use of electric cars
Autorzy:
Gis, W.
Waśkiewicz, J.
Gis, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
transport
road transport
combustion engines
air pollution
environmental protection
Opis:
In the article, reference was made to the mandatory now research hybrid and electric cars, and to the current state of the fleet of cars in the country and among others in the European Union. Reference was made also to the existing charging infrastructure for electric cars. Presents forecast of development of these last cars in Poland and Germany in the perspective of 2020-2030 year, presenting the achievements of the European project eMAP (electromobility-based scenario Market potential, Assessment and Policy options) in this area. An evaluation of the capability of the future of automotive industrial development of e-mobility. Attention was drawn to the traction battery and fuel cell system in electric vehicles. An analysis of the necessary policy options required for the development of electric cars. Among the recent policy options include an issues: research & development technology (strategic alliances, cooperations and consortia), financial incentives (vehicle tax, fuel tax, CO2 tax, insurance incentives), infrastructure, policy regulation (norms and standards, CO2 regulation) and information & marketing. In the project eMAP, a number of achievements were the participation of the authors of the present article.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2015, 22, 2; 55-62
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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