Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "Transport fuels" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
    Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9
    Tytuł:
    Future mobility without internal combustion engines and fuels?
    Czy w przyszłości transport będzie mógł funkcjonować bez silników spalinowych i paliw?
    Autorzy:
    Lenz, H. P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/133507.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Naukowe Silników Spalinowych
    Tematy:
    transport
    combustion engines
    engine fuels
    alternative powertrain
    alternative fuels
    silnik spalinowy
    paliwa silnikowe
    napęd alternatywny
    paliwa alternatywne
    Opis:
    For many decades to come, and in the foreseeable future, internal combustion engines – in many cases with electric motors – will be with us, just like the liquid fuels they require. The importance of crude oil will decline, as these fuels will be increasingly produced on a synthetic basis without CO2 emissions. The answers to the question "Future Mobility without internal Combustion Engines and Fuels?" are "no" in both cases. Purely battery-electric mobility will be applied in the future only in specific areas. fuel-cell vehicles will hardly be used because of the extreme infrastructure investment costs. In contrast, liquid fuels will ensure the future of mobility. in this scenario, energy such as solar or wind energy will be generated without CO2 emissions.
    Silniki spalinowe funkcjonują jako źródła napędu pojazdów już ponad 100 lat i w dającej się przewidzieć przyszłości wciąż będą powszechnie stosowane, podobnie jak paliwa płynne potrzebne do ich zasilania. Znaczenie ropy naftowej będzie jednak powoli malało w miarę wzrostu skali produkcji paliw syntetycznych, w procesach zapewniających małą emisję CO2. Odpowiedź na pytanie: czy transport w przyszłości będzie odbywać się bez silników spalinowych i paliw brzmi: nie. Napęd elektryczny stosowany będzie tylko na wybranych obszarach. Pojazdy wykorzystujące ogniwa paliwowe nigdy nie osiągną większej popularności ze względu na wysokie koszty budowy niezbędnej infrastruktury. Tylko paliwa płynne będą w stanie zaspokoić przyszłościowe potrzeby transportu. Do ich wytworzenia wykorzystywana będzie jednak energia ze źródeł o zerowej emisji CO2, jak na przykład baterie słoneczne, czy farmy wiatrowe.
    Źródło:
    Combustion Engines; 2013, 52, 4; 3-15
    2300-9896
    2658-1442
    Pojawia się w:
    Combustion Engines
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New European biofuels for diesel engines
    Autorzy:
    Sitnik, L. J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243532.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    combustion engines
    alternative fuels
    biofuels
    butanol
    Opis:
    The World is strongly dependent on crude oil for its transport needs. In order to diminish this dependence, we need to introduce clean, CO2-efficient, secure and affordable transportation fuels. The development of innovative biofuel technologies will help to cover significantly (up to 25% in Europe) road transport fuel needs. Biofuels production of 33 billion litres in 2004 is small compared to 1200 billion litres of gasoline produced annually worldwide. The current production of liquid biofuels in the EU 25 is about 2 Mtoe, which is less than 1% of the market. Recent assessments have concluded that the 2010 targets, 18 Mtoe used in the transport sector, are unlikely to be achieved. There can be three basic possibilities of accomplishing this target: i) use of alcohols (first of all ethanol) and their mixing with petrol; ii) use of fatty acids esters (methyl or ethyl) of vegetable oils and their mixing with diesel fuel, iii) use of synthetic hydrocarbons of the synthetic gas coming from biomass resources and eventually their mixing with other ,,classical" hydrocarbons. This paper presents a novel way of utilizing alcohols as fuels for a diesel engine. It is proposed to use heavy alcohols as a mix with conventional diesel fuel. The possibility to use a mix of butanol (as heavy alcohol) with conventional diesel fuel is demonstrated. Butanol has some key advantages over ethanol and light hydrocarbons (petrol), including higher energy content and better transport characteristics. Moreover, butanol is hydrophobic, so a new logistic infrastructure is not necessary. This paper demonstrates that a diesel-butanol fuel mixture is supplied to a diesel engine without any problems. A consumption of proposed biofuel mixture from +35% to -35% of typical diesel fuel depends on many factors not only on fuel energy density. A near-term effort of BP Biofuels and DuPont to develop and commercialize biobutanol is well-known. Here, it is proposed a new technological process combining electricity generation in fuel cells with electrolysis and a production of butanol from ethanol, which gives an opportunity to reduce today,'s over production of ethanol without a necessary change of existing infrastructure.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 487-491
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Combustion temperature and exhaust gas composition in si engine fuelled with gaseous hydrocarbon fuels
    Autorzy:
    Flekiewicz, M.
    Kubica, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/243947.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    road transport
    simulation
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environmental protection
    Opis:
    This paper presents the issues connected with the process of combustion of natur al gas and methane-hydrogen blend in SI engine. Enriching methane with hydrogen is the way to make the combustion process more efficient and gives possibilities of CO 2 emission reducing. The detailed analysis focused on changes in temperature profile and their impact on thermal charge and composition of the emitted exhaust gas. All the range of investigation is divided into threeparts. First part is dedicated to comparison of combustion temperatures of LPG, CNG and Petrol. In the middle part are presented the results of investigation of influence ignition advance on combustion temperatures of CNG. The third part includes the results of research project aimed at opportunities of efficient combustion of gaseous fuels, whose main constituent is methane. The selected group of fuels included: CNG, and methane-hydrogen blends (with volumetric hydrogen shares - 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%). The tested engine was an Opel Astra naturally aspirated four-cylinder 1.6 l petrol engine with power output of 55 kW at 5200 rpm and torque of 128 Nm at 2600 rpm. This engine was modified in a way allowing its CNG propulsion without compression ratio variations. The investigations were carried out on chassis dynamometers and were the basis for analysis by means of mathematical simulation model, in this paper. The obtained results were compared to measurements for fuelling with unleaded petrol (95-octane) as a base fuel for this drive unit. Fuelling of engine with blend of methane and hydrogen opens up opportunities for considerable reduction in CO 2. For blend contains 30% of hydrogen the emission of CO 2 was 35% lesser than in petrol case.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2010, 17, 3; 105-111
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tyre pyrolysis oil as an engine fuel
    Autorzy:
    Żółtowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247415.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environmental protection
    alternative fuels
    combustion
    Opis:
    Tests have been carried out to evaluate the performance, emissions and heat release characteristics of a double cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with tyre pyrolysis oil and diesel oil. The combustion parameters such as heat release rate, cylinder peak pressure, maximum rate of cylinder pressure, combustion knocking were also analysed. For purposes of this work raw pyrolysis oil was derived from waste vehicle tyres through vacuum pyrolysis realized in experimental installation. Results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine fuelled with pyrolysis oil increased. THC, CO and CO2 emissions were found to be higher due to high aromatic content and longer ignition delay, whereas NOx shows increasing tendency due to greater heat release rate. The cylinder peak pressure did not change. The ignition delay became greater what can be the reason of problems with combustion knocking. Pyrolysis oil has a mass fraction of individual elements similar to diesel fuel but the chemical composition of hydrocarbons included in these fuels is different. The product of pyrolysis contains too much soot, sulphur, light and heavy hydrocarbons fractions for direct using it in engine. Aromatics content gives this fuel a distinctive smell. Pyrolysis oil is toxic and dangerous in use due to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). However raw pyrolysis oil is not suitable to use it as a CI fuel and requires additional distillation before using it in diesel engines as an alternative fuel in the future.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 1; 295-302
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Investigation of combustion process in dual fuel diesel engine
    Autorzy:
    Żółtowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/247295.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environmental protection
    alternative fuels
    combustion
    Opis:
    In this paper are presented results of dual fuel diesel engine bench testing carried out by author. The engine was fuelled parallel with two fuels. The second, additional fuel was compressed natural gas (CNG). CNG was injected into engine inlet system before inlet to engine turbocharger. There was installed a pressure transducer in one of engine cylinders and cylinder pressure was registered at the time of testing. There is discussed place and way of pressure sensor installation and impact on quality of indicating signals of the channel connecting the transducer with combustion chamber. The carried out investigations included measurement of emissions and engine indicating completed with the heat release characteristics. There was considered influence of CNG on CO, NOx, THC and NMHC emissions, especially how pollutant emissions depend on the share of methane in fuel. The effect of using natural gas as an additional fuel injected to regular CI engine on heat release rate was investigated, as well as its rate and duration. Discussed the differences between combustion of methane and diesel oil and ways of spreading flames into air-fuel mixture for these two mixed fuels The processes of combustion of diesel oil and methane are totally different. The study searches for the limits of methane content due to knocking combustion. Additive of methane to the diesel fuel is a reason of retarded heat release, decrease of engine efficiency, greater fuel consumption and changes in emissions corresponding to the lag of self-ignition
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2014, 21, 2; 303-309
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of LPG gas fuel injectors on the properties of low emission vehicles
    Autorzy:
    Majerczyk, A.
    Radzimirski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/241843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    liquid fuels
    LPG
    combustion engines
    air pollution
    environmental protection
    Opis:
    Modern spark-ignition engines used for the propulsion of low emission vehicles are fuelled by injection systems in which the fuel is individually metered to each cylinder by a single injector (multipoint injection). For the proper engine operation, it is necessary that the injectors are similar to each other and stable in respect of the fuel dosage during the whole engine operation. This requirement is satisfactorily met by petrol injectors used by OEM. In contrast to petrol injectors, gas injector used in LPG-fuelled vehicles, in particular for the retrofit, are still in the development phase and therefore their quality and production consistency are often regarded as unsatisfactory from the standpoint of view of the proper engine operation. The injector-to-injector variation in the fuel dosage results in air-fuel mixture maldistribution in the cylinders, which, in turn, affects vehicle emission characteristics. The paper presents results of an investigation of inconsistency of gas injectors used in LPG vehicles in respect of their dosage. The method of measurement of the dosage uniformity is described. On the basis of the measurement, three sets of injectors differing in respect of injector-to-injector variation were selected for further vehicle tests. Tests were conducted on a passenger Euro 4 car. The emissions of limited pollutants were measured over the NEDC type-approval cycle and cycle's representative for the real world driving under Polish driving conditions. The paper presents results of the conducted tests and discusses the effect of injector-to-injector variation on the pollutant emissions.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 4; 401-410
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Research of water - fuel microemulsions as fuel for diesel engine
    Autorzy:
    Haller, P.
    Jankowski, A.
    Kolanek, Cz.
    Walkowiak, W. W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246514.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    road transport
    combustion engines
    emulsion's fuels
    air pollution
    environmental protection
    Opis:
    The combustion of fuels is and will be in the nearest future a basic way of acquiring the energy, among others, for transport purposes. Transport causes many threats for natural environment. It produces powders and particulates, together with many gaseous noxious substances and is also the source of noise and vibrations. Sources of propulsion, applied in transport, are almost exclusively piston-combustion engines, among which the dominant role play self-ignition engines. In the light of well-known advantages of these engines, they were accepted as most beneficial sources of car vehicles' propulsion in nearest decades, provided they meet the requirements of the future legal regulations regarding the environmental protection. The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) is a problem to be solved in modern engines. This constitutes so called targets conflict, consisting in excluding the alternative of both coefficients’ decrease, in the way of regulation the set of an engine and the limiting emissions, permitted by the EURO regulations. From among many different methods of limiting both the formation and emission of NOx, the method of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is universally applied. This method requires special installation with the catalyst and the reservoir intended for the "clinically" clean reductive measure. In the aspect of constituting opinions regarding the need of reducing additional installations and media on board the vehicle, it seems that to supply the engine with fuel-water emulsion and especially fuel-water microemulsion becomes an interesting solution.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 165-170
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of glued functions approximating real indicator diagram of engine running on different fuels
    Ocena funkcji sklejanych aproksymujących rzeczywisty wykres indykatorowy silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym, zasilanego różnymi paliwami
    Autorzy:
    Ambrozik, A.
    Ambrozik, T.
    Łagowski, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/248127.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    diagnostyka
    silniki spalinowe
    wykres indykatorowy
    aproksymacja
    diagnostics
    combustion engines
    indicator diagram
    approximation
    Opis:
    The paper presents methodology for the approximation of real indicator diagrams, averaged over 50 runs, with the use of glued functions, which analytically describe the form of those diagrams. Coefficients of approximating functions can apply to the diagnostics and control of the combustion process in piston combustion engine. The paper aims to provide an analysis and comparative assessment of the influence of different fuels fuelled AD3.152 UR engine operation conditions (external speed characteristics and load characteristics) on the values of the above-mentioned coefficients of glued functions. The approximation of indicator diagrams accounts for the smoothing of the indicator diagram in the period between inlet valve closure and outlet valve opening, i.e. when the engine working cycle is done in the closed thermodynamic system. Experimental investigations and analysis of results were carried out for the engine operating in the mode of external speed characteristics for ne<1000-2000 rpm> and in the mode of load characteristics at the crankshaft rotational velocity corresponding to the maximum torque of the engine.
    W artykule przedstawiono metodykę aproksymacji uśrednionych według 50-ciu realizacji rzeczywistych wykresów indykatorowych za pomocą funkcji sklejanych, analitycznie opisujących postać tych wykresów. Współczynniki funkcji aproksymujących mogą by wykorzystane do diagnostyki i sterowania przebiegiem procesu spalania w tłokowym silniku spalinowym. Celem artykułu jest analiza i ocena porównawcza wpływu warunków pracy silnika AD3.152 UR (zewnętrzna charakterystyka prędkościowa i charakterystyka obciążeniowa), zasilanego różnymi paliwami na wartości w/w współczynników funkcji sklejanych. Zastosowana aproksymacja wykresów indykatorowych zapewnia wygładzenie wykresu indykatorowego w okresie od zamknięcia zaworu dolotowego do otwarcia zaworu wylotowego tzn. w okresie realizacji cyklu pracy silnika w zamkniętym układzie termodynamicznym. Badania eksperymentalne i analizę otrzymanych wyników przeprowadzono dla pracy silnika według zewnętrznej charakterystyki prędkościowej dla ne less than 1000-2000 obr/min i charakterystyki obciążeniowej sporządzonej przy prędkości obrotowej wału korbowego, odpowiadającej maksymalnemu momentowi obrotowemu silnika.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2008, 15, 3; 9-18
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Affect of change of regulating parameters on course of external surface characteristics of unitary fuel consumption and exhaust gases smokiness of JK type engine supplied with RME
    Wpływ zmiany parametrów regulacyjnych na przebieg zewnętrznych charakterystyk powierzchniowych jednostkowego zużycia paliwa i zadymienia spalin silnika typu JK zasilanego RME
    Autorzy:
    Stoeck, T.
    Borodyn, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
    Tematy:
    transport
    silniki spalinowe
    paliwa roślinne
    zużycie paliwa
    zadymienie spalin
    transportation
    combustion engines
    vegetable fuels
    fuel consumption
    exhausts gases smokiness
    Opis:
    An intensive expansion of motorization caused a necessity to limit its harmful acting on the environment. It is connected with more and more law requirements and regulations from the range of protection of the natural environment. The essential part in this process is played by vegetable fuel like rape oil methyl group ester of higher fatty acids, more and more often used to supply Diesel engines. The most essential problem for these drive units in the ecological aspect is the smokiness level, it means the soot contents in exhaust gases. Using this kind of vegetable fuels seems to be reasonable, especially in case of older construction engines, for which introducing of other solutions could be troublesome and unjustified. In this lecture there has been discussed affect of change of factory settings of the unitary fuel consumption and exhaust gases smokiness of the engine with the turbulence combustion chamber supplied with RME. The parameters adjusted in relation to the nominal settings were: injection pressure, the injection advance angle and injection pump volumetric fuel charge. The results of the tests have been shown in the form of the external surface characteristics of the engine tested.
    Intensywny rozwój motoryzacji spowodował konieczność ograniczenia jej szkodliwego działania na otoczenie. Związane jest to z coraz ostrzejszymi wymaganiami i regulacjami prawnymi z zakresu ochrony środowiska naturalnego. Istotną rolę w tym procesie odgrywają paliwa roślinne takie jak ester metylowy wyższych kwasów tłuszczowych oleju rzepakowego, który coraz częściej stosuje się do zasilania silników z zapłonem samoczynnym. W aspekcie ekologicznym najistotniejszym problemem dla tych jednostek napędowych jest poziom zadymienia czyli zawartości sadzy w spalinach wylotowych. Stosowanie paliw roślinnych tego rodzaju wydaje się być uzasadnione szczególnie w przypadku silników starszych konstrukcji, dla których wprowadzenie innych rozwiązań mogło by być kłopotliwe oraz ekonomicznie nieuzasadnione. W niniejszym referacie omówiono wpływ zmiany nastaw fabrycznych na jednostkowe zużycie paliwa i zadymienie spalin silnika z komorą wirową spalania zasilanego RME. Parametrami regulowanymi w stosunku do ustawień nominalnych były: ciśnienie wtrysku, kąt wyprzedzenia wtrysku i objętościowa dawka paliwa pompy wtryskowej. Wyniki badań przedstawiono w formie powierzchniowych charakterystyk zewnętrznych badanego silnika.
    Źródło:
    Journal of KONES; 2007, 14, 4; 471-477
    1231-4005
    2354-0133
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of KONES
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-9 z 9

      Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies