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    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
    Tytuł:
    Ochrona życia w prawie kanonicznym i polskim
    Protection of Life in Canon and Polish Law
    Autorzy:
    Pankiewicz, Ryszard
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1797918.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-28
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    prawo kanoniczne
    prawo do życia
    ochrona prawna
    osobowość prawna
    canon law
    right to life
    legal protection
    legal personality
    Opis:
    Zgodnie z Kodeksem Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. ochrona i obrona życia człowieka wraz z poczęciem została uregulowana w przepisach obejmujących przestępstwa przeciwko życiu i wolności człowieka. Ponadto, Kościół katolicki w Katechizmie Kościoła Katolickiego oraz dokumentach kościelnych wyraża jednoznaczne stanowisko ochrony i obrony życia człowieka. W prawie polskim zgodnie z art. 38 Konstytucji RP z 1997 r. Rzeczpospolita Polska zapewnia prawną ochronę życia każdemu człowiekowi. Określenia dolnej granicy temporalnej życia człowieka ustawodawca dokonał w ustawie o Rzeczniku Praw Dziecka z 2000 r. Zgodnie z jej treścią: „w rozumieniu ustawy dzieckiem jest każda istota ludzka od poczęcia do osiągnięcia pełnoletniości”, a Rzecznik Praw Dziecka działa na rzecz ochrony praw dziecka, w szczególności prawa do życia i jego ochrony. Ponadto, w prawie polskim ustawodawca w ustawie o planowaniu rodziny, ochronie płodu ludzkiego i warunkach dopuszczalności przerywania ciąży z 1993 r. określił sytuacje, w których może być legalnie dokonany zabieg aborcji.
    In accordance with the 1983 Code of Canon Law, protection and defense of human life along with conception has been regulated in provisions covering crimes against human life and freedom. Furthermore, the Catholic Church in the Catechism provides a clear position about protection and defense of human life. According to art. 38 of the Constitution of 1997 the Republic of Poland provides the legal protection of the life of every human being. The lower temporal limit of human life was determined by the legislator in the Act on the Ombudsman for Children of 2000. According to it “within the meaning of the Act, a child is every human being from conception to the age of majority,” and the Ombudsman for Children works to protect the rights of the child, in particular the right to life and its protection. In addition, in Polish law, the legislator in the Act on family planning, protection of the human fetus and conditions for the admissibility of termination of pregnancy of 1993, specified the situations in which abortion may be legally performed.
    Źródło:
    Kościół i Prawo; 2020, 9, 1; 27-47
    0208-7928
    2544-5804
    Pojawia się w:
    Kościół i Prawo
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Historical Roots of Belgian Commercial Law
    Autorzy:
    Waelkens, Laurent
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/923793.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    belgiskie prawo handlowe
    prawo cywilne
    prawo rzymskie
    prawo kanoniczne
    praktyki bankowe
    weksel
    notariat
    Hanza
    spółki z osobowością prawną
    kodeks handlowy Napoleona z 1807 r.
    Belgian commercial law
    civil law
    Roman law
    canon law
    banking practices
    bill of exchange
    notarial practice
    Hanseatic League
    companies with legal personality
    Napoleonic Code de Commerce of 1807
    Opis:
    The article presents a synthetic approach to the history of Belgian commercial law. The author starts with the regulations of Roman law and leads us from the beginnings of civil law in the times of the Roman Republic, describing the role of aediles and praetors, to the times of the Roman Empire. A significant part is dedicated to the grain trade and searches – not always successfully – for a self-contained commercial law. A separate analysis of the Roman banking practices includes a discussion of cheques and accounting. The fall of the Western Roman Empire brought changes in trade in the Mediterranean region. The description of the Middle Ages includes a series of causal factors that contributed to the development of commercial law in Western Europe and that were related to the Roman tradition (for example the development of canon law and the Church itself as an institution, as well as the development of universities). It also contains the analysis of organisational elements of commercial law that mainly pertain to Italy, which at that time had a leading role. Attention is also devoted to the development of the notarial profession and the bill of exchange. In the 11th century, cities and, by consequence, autonomous and trade-oriented systems of city rights began to gain importance. This evolution which started on the Apennine Peninsula later also took place in the north of Europe, including in the German maritime cities, and eventually brought organisational changes and led to the establishment of the Hanseatic League. Legal regulations embraced, inter alia, the maritime trade. When the first annual fairs were organised, improved safety and decreased toll rates furthered the development of towns situated on trade routes. Changes in the socioeconomic structure and the fall of Constantinople influenced the progressive standardisation of commercial law in different countries. The Greeks brought to the West not only their money and wealth but also their law. In the modern era, the first companies with legal personality appeared. The origins of contemporary Belgian commercial law are without a doubt connected with French law. The French rulers’ protectionist policies, which were characterised by a strong interference in laws regulating trade, were included in the ordinance of 1673, the main drafter of which was Savary, and the ordinance of 1681. Such actions resulted in traders developing their own judicial bodies. The next stage that was important for contemporary Belgian law was the issuing of the Napoleonic Code de Commerce of 1807. The French law was implemented in the parts of the Netherlands conquered by Napoleon. Commercial law courts after the French model were established and were staffed not by professional judges but by entrepreneurs. When the Belgians gained independence in 1830, one of their goals was to implement a new commercial code. In the end, however, they chose a different path – a comprehensive revision of the existing law that continued throughout the following decades. In that process Belgian commercial law was complemented with, among other things, private companies. The changes to the legal code in the 20th century resulted mainly from the developments in international law (e.g. the acceptance of conventions concerning promissory notes) as well as European law. In 1999 company law was transferred from the Code de Commerce to the Companies Code. The French commercial court system was adopted after the Belgian Independence, but during the last two hundred years the organisation of these courts was changed. Although some argue that there is a need for reform and for the removal of non-professional judges, the author of this paper is of the opinion that lay judges are efficient.
    Źródło:
    Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa; 2013, 6, 4; 365-386
    2084-4115
    2084-4131
    Pojawia się w:
    Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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