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Tytuł:
Attributes of cyber conflict in the context of armed conflict : an outline of the problem
Autorzy:
Szyłkowska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2086238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
Tematy:
cyberconflict
armed conflict
digital war
Opis:
Objectives: This article explains the concepts of cyber conflict attributes in relation to the classical attributes of armed conflicts. Problems related to the study of the causes of armed conflicts and wars, forms of their conduct, ending and ways of their resolution. This paper outlines selected definitions of conflict and war that have formed the basis of analysis for the attributes of cyber conflict - in particular the attributes of: nature, forms, sources, complexity, and the difficulty of uniquely identifying the "aggressor" if the attack is not "overt". Methods: Statistical analysis, document analysis. Results: The characteristics of a cyber conflict are, in particular: no certain identification of the aggressor, no possibility of an official declaration of war or official defense and retaliation. Conclusions: The key determinant of defense - should be digital and electromagnetic offensive measures. Security threats and more frequent attacks in broadly defined cyberspace have unquestionably become the challenge of today’s world - consisting of alliances, which the sum of security being the security levels of individual members and their defense capabilities. However only the level of commitment and cooperation can contribute to the achievement of a common goal, defined by the Alliance - including, above all, the elaboration of common, acceptable by all members - „modern” solutions. However, the common defense and deterrence potential equipped with real, though digital, both offensive and defensive resources would allow practical implementation of the challenge for art.
Źródło:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności; 2021, 6, 11; 134--154
2450-6869
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Terrorism in the Context of Conflicts in the Modern World
Autorzy:
Zubrzycki, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374930.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
Tematy:
armed conflict
war
terrorism
Islam
Opis:
Contrary to popular expectations, armed conflicts persisted after the end of World War II. Some countries are fighting for independence, others for influence, and others are experiencing civil wars. This is determined by cultural, ethnic and religious differences. The modern world is tormented by many conflicts which, despite their regional scope, have an impact on the political and military situation on the entire globe. The functioning of formal borders that do not coincide with national borders, the low sense of nationality compared to ethnicity, poverty and political instability are also conducive to the use of terrorist methods. Terrorism is almost as old as civilisation. However, unlike in the past, today’s terrorists use violence on an unprecedented scale. Terrorism in many cases shows its regional specificity, varying according to the cultural and civilisation area in which it occurs. Reasons for resorting to terrorist methods may be a need for freedom, protection of one’s heritage, sense of harm done by the occupier, a need to express dissatisfaction with the political system or changes being made, or, finally, a mere desire to draw attention to the problems of countries and societies that have not yet been noticed or have been ignored by public opinion. Religion is also a frequent reason for resorting to terrorism. Contemporary terrorism is represented mainly by extremist Islamic fundamentalism and is based on the clash of two cultures. It is a global threat, and anyone can become its potential victim today. Numerous signals of the emergence of new, hitherto unknown organisations prove that in the future, unfortunately, the escalation of the phenomenon will have to be taken into account.
Źródło:
Internal Security; 2019, 11(1); 121-132
2080-5268
Pojawia się w:
Internal Security
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Definition of the Armed Conflict in the Conditions of Cyber Warfare
Autorzy:
Piątkowski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
armed conflict
international humanitarian law
cyberwarfare
Opis:
The paper is presenting the examination of the cyberwarfare phenomenon in its legal context. The cyberattacks are increasingly effective measures of modern combat and would probably become the most crucial dimension of forthcoming armed conflict. The role of the international humanitarian law is to determine whenever the cyberattack is reaching the threshold of an armed conflict. The aim of the article is to present the existing framework of ius in bello in terms of its temporal scope of applicability, especially in the light of the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. It supported conclusion that the international law requires an revision of the armed conflict definition to sufficiently addressed the challenges arising from growing cyber activity.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 1 (46); 271-280
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Armed Conflict in Eastern Ukraine: Exploring Competing Narratives
Autorzy:
Kovalov, Maksym
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642993.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Ukraine
armed conflict
domestic politics
Russia
Opis:
How do we understand the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine and what are its implications for Ukraine’s domestic politics as well as for stability in the region? The media, policymakers, and political analysts have used several competing narratives to explain the armed conflict in Eastern Ukraine. This paper examines three competing narratives of the armed conflict. The first narrative focuses on domestic causes of the conflict; the second narrative examines the role of Russia in the insurgency; and the third narrative describes the conflict as a result of Western policies and interference.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2014, 1 (5)
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The prospects for the protection of civilian population in Poland in the conditions of a potential armed conflict
Autorzy:
Adamkiewicz, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21966641.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Tematy:
security
civil defence
armed conflict
civil protection
Opis:
One of the fundamental tasks of state institutions in conditions of armed conflict is the protection of the population. In the light of international and national law, this task is dealt with in Poland by the Civil Defence of the Country. The aim of the article is to present the condition of this organisation and to assess its ability to fulfil the assigned mission. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of NIK reports and own empirical research.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej; 2023, 27, 3; 28-38
2543-9103
2543-411X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Armed Conflict as an ‘Undoing’ Force in Regional Integration and Its Impact on the Consolidation of AfCFTA Development Mission
Autorzy:
Shumba, Munyayiwashe
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
armed conflict
regional cooperation
development
trade
peace
Opis:
The paper examines the intricate relationship between armed conflict and regional integration, focusing on its role as an ‘undoing’ force in the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) context. A significant element of development and economic cooperation in Africa is the perennial problem of violent conflict in almost all sub-regions. Moreover, organized crime is rising across the continent, coupled with the emergence of new forms of violence associated with today’s globalization and other post-Cold War phenomena. Globalization has led to greater interdependence among countries and fostered cooperation among states. However, a country’s internal conflict often has repercussions beyond its borders and threatens regional and global peace and stability. In addition, armed conflict can affect countries’ relations and state cooperation. Peace provides a good foundation for development and economic cooperation, while development ensures the permanence of peace. The central question addressed in this paper is whether constructive regional economic integration and cooperation can be effectively achieved while some African countries are experiencing armed conflict. A qualitative research approach is used to analyze how armed conflict will likely negatively impact the achievement of AfCFTA goals.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2024, 1(53); 179-189
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russian Migrant Journalists in Ukraine After the EuroMaidan: From ‘Middling Transnationals’ to ‘Voluntary Exiles’?
Autorzy:
Malyutina, Darya
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
middling transnationals
armed conflict
Ukraine
Russia
EuroMaidan
Opis:
Numerous Russian media professionals have moved to Ukraine in the last decade. These migrants can be seen as contemporary mobile, highly skilled, transnationally connected professionals who made a lifestyle choice by relocating to Ukraine. However, after the EuroMaidan, their move has also become increasingly political. Drawing upon a series of interviews with Russian media professionals living and working in Ukraine – and addressing their social relationships, professional practices and thoughts on return migration – I analyse the ways in which the lifestyles of these ‘middling transnationals’ can be affected by the political tensions between host and home countries. This paper draws upon the idea of transnational ties being not necessarily durable and supportive but, rather, flexible and multi-directional. I argue that the annexation of Crimea and the armed conflict in Donbas have altered migrants’ cross-border connections with Russia; however, instead of tying them to a place and excluding them from global networks, it might also push them towards inhabiting multiple transnational spaces. These observations highlight the political dimension of ‘middling transnationalism’ which is usually not considered in migration scholarship.
Źródło:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review; 2018, 7, 2; 91-104
2300-1682
Pojawia się w:
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZAANGAŻOWANIE KOŚCIOŁA KATOLICKIEGO W POMOC OFIAROM KONFLIKTÓW ZBROJNYCH (NA PRZYKŁADZIE WSPARCIA RODZIN NA UKRAINIE ORAZ EWAKUOWANYCH DO POLSKI)
THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN PROVIDING HELP TO THE VICTIMS OF ARMED CONFLICTS (A CASE STUDY OF THE SUPPORT PROVIDED FOR FAMILIES IN UKRAINE AND THOSE EVACUATED TO POLAND)
Autorzy:
Zięba, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512311.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
The Catholic Church
armed conflict
Caritas
migration
Opis:
The article addresses the issue of peace in the world, particularly through an appeal to care for all those who suffer from armed conflicts and who, for this and other reasons, decide to leave their homes. The involvement of the Catholic Church in providing help to the victims of armed conflicts is the sub-ject of the article, in which, on the basis of the support provided for families in Ukraine and evacuated to Poland, the author attempts to demonstrate the prac-tical dimension of the Church teaching on this subject. The paper analyses the biblical guidance concerning aid to newcomers and foreigners, and the teaching of the Catholic Church on refugees and migrants. An appeal addressed to Catholics to support those harmed by armed conflicts in their home country and all migrants and refugees is presented. The article shows how the appeal de-rived from the Catholic teaching is implemented in practice by helping the sufferers from Ukraine. The aid to the persons evacuated from Donbas pro-vided at the first stage of their adaptation to Poland by Caritas of the Warmian Archdiocese is analysed in detail.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2016, 18, 4; 419 - 430
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mediation in armed conflict
Autorzy:
Żakowska, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
armed conflict
Mediation
motives
conflicting parties
mediator
Opis:
Mediation is one of the most commonly used methods for solving armed conflicts due to its flexibility allowing parties to freely decide about their participation in the mediation, the choice of a mediator, and accepting or rejecting the conditions of conflict resolution established during the mediation process. The article looks at various approaches to mediation, leading to an indication of the nature and attributes of this method of solving armed conflicts. It also analyses the motives of the main actors of mediation - the parties’ of the conflict and the mediator, which are taken into consideration when they decide to start mediation. The research allows a better understanding of the complexity of mediation in an armed conflict. It enables the motives of the conflicting parties and mediator which have an impact on the mediation process and result to be identified.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2017, 17, 4; 74-99
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wojna hybrydowa jako przykład umiędzynarodowionego konfliktu wewnętrznego
A ‘hybrid war’ as an example of internationalisation internal conflicts
Autorzy:
Ochmann, Paweł
Wojas, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927562.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
hybrid war
international law
armed conflict
Ukraine
Opis:
The paper deals with internal conflicts, their internationalisation and a hybrid war. In the 1990s many military conflicts could have been regarded as domestic conflicts or internationalised internal conflicts. According to the authors internationalised internal conflicts and a hybrid war have much in common. The purpose of the paper is to compare and confront distinctive characteristics of internationalised internal conflicts with the model of hybrid war. The authors scrutinize definitions of an internal, domestic conflict and a hybrid war, and the possibilities and likelihood of their occurrence. Finally the issue is analysed in terms of international public law. ‘Hybrid war’ is a term not defined in public international law. However it is commonly used not only by media and politicians, but also by academics in a sci- entific discourse. A question arises to what extent it is justified to use a term in the context of different military conflicts, like for instance the one in the East Ukraine that has been going on since 2015. Therefore it is necessary to explain what the term ‘hybrid war’ means. In order to do so, it is necessary to try to define the term. Its distinctive characteristics must be indicated. Then, many military conflicts will be analysed to determine whether they satisfy the requirements for qualifying them as a ‘hybrid war’ or an internationalised internal conflict. The research leads to a conclusion that an internationalised internal conflict gives many opportunities for applying to it methods characteristic of a hybrid war. In the course of an internationalised internal conflict there are many ways in which the aggressor can evade international liability and the authors attempt to answer how to prevent this.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2018, 2 (22); 101-121
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Anti-personnel Landmines in Modern Armed Conflicts. Legal Regulations and the Scope of Application
Autorzy:
Kubiak, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807881.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-30
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
landmine
anti-personnel mine
armed conflict
international law
Opis:
The aim of the research presented in the article is both to describe and analyse the problem of use of the anti-personnel mines in armed conflicts and the subsequent effects that landmines, in particular anti-personnel mines, have on human health and life. The article discusses a number of problems to solve related to the land mine use long after the end of the armed conflict. The basic source of knowledge concerning legal regulations determining the use of anti-personnel mines are international conventions. In Polish scientific literature, it is difficult to find materials that contain, apart from the contents of the documents themselves, comments and interpretations on the application of international law. In order to explore the above-mentioned issues, it was necessary to make use of the studies of international organizations. The issue of anti-personnel landmine threat and the support to their victims is widely presented in the work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), human rights organizations, and others.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2020, 33(33); 100-117
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geopolityczne i ekologiczne korzyści zaangażowania się Rosji w konflikt syryjski
Geopolitical and economic benefits of Russias involvement in the Syrian conflict
Autorzy:
Mazur, Przemysław
Targ, Martyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/540107.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geopolityczne
Tematy:
Syria
Rosja
konflikt zbrojny
geopolityka
Russia
armed conflict
geopolitics
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono korzyści zaangażowania Rosji w konflikt syryjski, uwzględniając jej zależności geopolityczne, ekonomiczne, powrót na arenę międzynarodową czy sam angaż militarny. Wyróżnić można kilka przyczyn rosyjskiej ingerencji w ten konflikt. Jest to m.in. strach przed utratą jednego z najważniejszych sojuszników na Bliskim Wschodzie, co groziłoby osłabieniem wpływów w tym regionie. Tereny te są bogate w surowce strategiczne, dlatego Putinowi zależy na syryjskiej współpracy. Aby podkreślić swoją obecność w regionie Rosja zaangażowana była również w konflikt palestyńsko-izraelski jako mediator. Obecność w Syrii jest dla Rosji konieczna, gdyż jest to miejsce globalnej rywalizacji ze Stanami Zjednoczonymi. Putin wspiera Asada, ponieważ jest on jedynym gwarantem zachowania wpływów Rosji, która w Syrii posiada jedyne zamorskie bazy wojskowe. Współpraca rosyjsko-syryjska sięga lat 60. XX w., gdy zawarto układ wojskowy, umocniony po puczu w 1970 r. i przejęciu władzy przez Asadów. Można zatem powiedzieć o wieloletniej tradycji stosunków Rosji i Syrii.
The article presents the benefits of Russia's involvement in the Syrian conflict, taking into account its geopolitical and economic relations, a return to the international arena, or military engagement itself. There are several reasons for Russia's interference in this conflict. This is, among others fear of losing one of the most important allies in the Middle East, which would threaten to weaken the influence in this region. These areas are rich in strategic raw materials, which is why Putin wants Syrian cooperation. To emphasize its presence in the region, Russia was also involved in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict as a mediator. Presence in Syria is necessary for Russia, as it is a place of global rivalry with the United States. Putin supports Assad because he is the only guarantor of preserving the influence of Russia, which in Syria has the only overseas military bases. The Russian-Syrian cooperation dates back to the 1960s, when the military agreement was concluded, strengthened after the coup in 1970 and the assumption of power by the Assad. One can therefore say about the long-standing tradition of relations between Russia and Syria.
Źródło:
Przegląd Geopolityczny; 2018, 25; 124-132
2080-8836
2392-067X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Geopolityczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the Ethical Underpinnings of International Humanitarian Law in the Age of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems
Autorzy:
Kowalczewska, Kaja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1977445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
armed conflict
artificial intelligence
humanity
Martens clause
autonomous weapons
Opis:
This paper presents selected conclusions related to the theoretical underpinnings of international humanitarian law, with special focus on the understanding of considerations of humanity and the dictates of public conscience (the Martens clause) and their impact on the regulation of lethal autonomous weapons systems. Despite the fact that different positions can be found in the doctrine, it is argued herein that the general principles of international humanitarian law are not sufficient to properly regulate the disruptive military technologies (new means and methods of warfare) and a new international norm is needed. Consequently, the paper agglomerates extra-legal and cross-cutting arguments stemming from other normative regimes that point to prioritization of the value of human life and the role and quality of the human factor in decision-making procedures relating to the health and life of victims of modern armed conflicts, which should be incorporated in it.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2019, 3 (48); 464-475
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Classification of the Conflict between Ukraine and Russia in International Law (Ius ad Bellum and Ius in Bello)
Autorzy:
Grzebyk, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-07-25
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
aggression
armed conflict
Crimea
Donetsk
international conflict
Russian Federation self-determination
Ukraine
Opis:
The aim of this article is to classify the armed conflict between Ukraine and Russia in light of international law. Firstly, the Russian armed activities are qualified through the lens of use of force and it is shown that Russia committed an aggression. Secondly, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict is qualified according to the law of armed conflict, not only identifying the applicable norms of law of armed conflict but examining whether atrocities have been committed and whether they are war crimes or mere crimes or acts of terror. The article posits that there is an international armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine and in addition a non-international one between Ukrainian insurgents and governmental forces. The methodology used in the article is legal analysis of documents and international law doctrine.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2014, 34; 39-60
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
De violencias, conflictos armados y desigualdades sociales. Un estudio comparativo entre Colombia y México
About Violence, Armed Conflicts and Social Inequalities. The Comparative Study between Colombia and Mexico
Autorzy:
Czarnecki, Lukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/485983.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
violencias
conflicto armado
desigualdades
pobreza
México
Colombia
violence
armed conflict
inequalities
poverty
Mexico
Opis:
El objetivo del artículo es analizar las causas de los conflictos armados en México y Colombia. Estos dos países latinoamericanos son muy parecidos por sus altos niveles de pobreza, marginación y desempleo, además de ser gobernados en la última década por gobiernos de derecha, que basan su política exterior en la estrecha relación con Estados Unidos de América. Otros temas que los vinculan son la violencia y la inseguridad, relacionada con la militarización y el enfrentamiento del gobierno federal con los grupos paramilitares, las guerrillas y los narcotraficantes. El tejido social de ambos países está permeado por dos fenómenos: desigualdades y violencias permanentes. La comparación será de gran utilidad porque ofrece una interpretación de los hechos relacionados con el militarismo, mostrando las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos casos. Como conclusión preliminar, en Colombia se observa el lento proceso de paz con los grupos militares, mientras que en México el proceso de la confrontación cada vez es más severa con los grupos de conflicto militar.
The objective of this paper is to analyze the militarization process in Mexico and Colombia. These two Latin American countries are very similar, with high levels of poverty, marginalization and unemployment; in addition, during the last decade both have been ruled by right-wing governments, which based its foreign policy on the close relationship with the United States of America. Other similarities are violence and insecurity, militarization and confrontation with the paramilitary groups, guerrillas, and drug traffickers. The social system of both countries is permeated by two phenomena: permanent inequality and violence. The comparison between Mexico and Colombia is useful because it offers an analysis of the militarization process in both countries. In Colombia, the slow progress of the peace process can be observed, while in Mexico it is the process of violent confrontation, more and more present, between military groups and the State’s forces.
Źródło:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review; 2014, 17; 307-331
1641-4713
Pojawia się w:
Revista del CESLA. International Latin American Studies Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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