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    Tytuł:
    Zastosowanie analizy bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji do kontroli funkcjonowania zakładu oczyszczania wody
    Analysis of operational safety as a tool for controlling the functioning of a water treatment plant
    Autorzy:
    Zimoch, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/237788.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Zrzeszenie Inżynierów i Techników Sanitarnych
    Tematy:
    oczyszczanie wody
    system zaopatrzenia w wodę
    analiza bezpieczeństwa
    niezawodność
    ryzyko
    plany bezpieczeństwa wody
    water treatment
    water supply system
    safety analysis
    reliability
    risk
    water safety plans
    Opis:
    Istotnym zagadnieniem w ocenie poprawności eksploatacji zakładu oczyszczania wody jest umiejętność przewidywania warunków pracy układu technologicznego (zdarzeń), które mogą spowodować zagrożenie, a w skrajnych przypadkach utratę bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania zakładu. W pełnej analizie bezpieczeństwa metodyka ba-dawcza winna uwzględniać zarówno niezawodność funkcjonowania ciągu technologicznego oczyszczania wody, jak i charakterystyki probabilistyczne bezpieczeństwa jakościowego wody. Zaprezentowana metodyka kompleksowej oceny bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji zakładu oczyszczania wody uwzględnia interpretację bezpieczeństwa w postaci zintegrowanego parametru, jakim jest gotowość bezpieczeństwa eksploatacyjnego. Pozwala ona na podstawie standardowych parametrów operacyjnych pracy zakładu oczyszczania wody oraz wskaźników jakości ujmowanej wody uzyskać informacje o przebiegu procesu technologicznego oczyszczania wody. Wykazano, że wykorzystanie stosunkowo prostych narzędzi statystycznych umożliwia oszacowanie dodatkowych parametrów oceny, takich jak uogólniony wskaźnik bezpieczeństwa (BJWZOW), prawdopodobieństwo błędu technologicznego (PBT) oraz prawdopodobieństwo braku skuteczności technologicznej (PBST). Parametry te pozwalają na pełną identyfikację warunków i poprawności eksploatacyjnej zakładu oczyszczania wody, które mogą stanowić podstawę do opracowania procedur planów bezpieczeństwa wody minimalizujących ryzyko eksploatacyjne układów ujmowania i oczyszczania wody. Zaprezentowana metoda analizy bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji zakładu oczyszczania wody ma charakter uniwersalny i może być zastosowana w przypadku różnych wskaźników jakości wody.
    A crucial factor in guaranteeing a correct operation of the water treatment plant is the ability to predict such operating conditions for the treatment train (events) that might produce a risk of operational safety loss or, in extreme circumstances, cause the water treatment plant lose its operational safety. It is imperative that the methods used for a comprehensive analysis of operational safety should entail not only the reliability of the treatment train's functioning but also a probabilistic characterization of water quality safety. With the method proposed here for the comprehensive analysis of the operational safety of a water treatment plant it is possible to interpret the operational safety in terms of an integrated parameter, i.e. in terms of the availability of operational safety. Thus, based on the standard operating parameters of the water treatment plant, as well as on the quality parameters of the water being taken in, it is possible to obtain further information on the course of the water treatment process. It has been demonstrated that the use of relatively simple statistical tools enables the following additional parameters of assessment to be evaluated: a generalized safety factor (BJWZOW), the probability of technological error (PBT), and the probability of technological efficiency being unavailable (PBST). These parameters allow a full identification of the conditions and operational correctness for the water treatment plant, thus providing a basis for the development of procedures for Water Safety Plans in order to minimize the operational risk for the water intake and water treatment systems. The method of operational safety analysis proposed in this paper for a water treatment plant is versatile and applies to real water treatment plants under conditions of diverse water quality parameters.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Środowiska; 2011, 33, 2; 39-44
    1230-6169
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Quantitative safety analysis of train control system based on statistical model checking
    Autorzy:
    Lin, Junting
    Min, Xiaoqin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2124711.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    train control systems
    statistical model checking
    safety analysis
    hybrid automata
    UPPAAL-SMC
    system sterowania pociągiem
    analiza bezpieczeństwa
    automaty hybrydowe
    Opis:
    With the rapid development of communication technology, the Train-centric Communication-based Train Control (TcCBTC) system adopting the train-train communication mode to reduce the transmission link of control information, will become the direction of urban rail transit field development. At present, TcCBTC system is in the stage of key technology research and prototype development. Uncertain behavior in the process of system operation may lead to operation accidents. Therefore, before the system is put into use, it must undergo strict testing and security verification to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the system. In the paper, the formal modeling and quantitative analysis of train tracking operation under moving block are carried out. Firstly, the structure of TcCBTC system and the train tracking interval control strategy under moving block conditions are analyzed. The subsystem involved in train tracking and the uncertain factors in system operation are determined. Then, based on the Stochastic Hybrid Automata (SHA), a network of SHA model of train dynamics model, communication components and on-board controller in the process of train tracking is established, which can formally describe the uncertain environment in the process of system operation. UPPAAL-SMC is used to simulate the change curve of train position and speed during tracking, it is verified that the model meets the safety requirements in static environment. Finally, taking Statistical Model Checking (SMC) as the basis of safety analysis, the probability of train collision in uncertain environment is calculated. The results show that after accurately modeling the train tracking operation control mechanism through network of SHA, the SMC method can accurately calculate the probability of train rearend collision, which proves that the method has strong feasibility and effectiveness. Formal modeling and analysis of safety-critical system is very important, which enables designers to grasp the hidden dangers of the system in the design stage and safety evaluation stage of train control system, and further provides theoretical reference for the subsequent TcCBTC system design and development, practical application and related specification improvement.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2022, 61, 1; 7--19
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bicycle free-flow speed estimation based on GPS data – comparison of bike sharing system and Strava data
    Autorzy:
    Pazdan, Sylwia
    Kiec, Mariusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322534.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    bike sharing system
    bicycle traffic
    bicycle speed
    safety analysis
    Strava
    GPS data
    system rowerów publicznych
    ruch rowerowy
    natężenie ruchu rowerowego
    analiza bezpieczeństwa
    dane GPS
    Opis:
    The increasing number of cyclists in cities around the world results in a greater focus on bicycle traffic. Next to traffic volume, the main characteristic of traffic used in road safety analysis, infrastructure planning, design, etc. is its speed. Bicycle speed is strongly affected by the type of bicycle facility, motor vehicle traffic parameters (volume, speed, share of heavy vehicles), trip motivation, weather conditions, etc., and therefore it is difficult to estimate. Traditionally, bicycle speed is determined directly using speed radar or indirectly, as a quotient of measurement base length and travel time calculated using a stopwatch or video technique. There are also researches where bicycle speed was esti mated based on GPS sources, mainly mobile apps. However, depending on the GPS source and the group of cyclists, bicycle speed gained from GPS data can be different from the speed of regular cyclists (due to different levels of experience or types of bicycle). In the paper, the relationships between bicycle speed obtained from empirical measurements and two different GPS sources, which were bike sharing system (Wavelo) and Strava app, were analysed. In total 18 research sites were selected different in terms of bicycle facility (bicycle path, shared pedestrian/bicycle path, contra flow lane) and element of road network (road segment, bicycle crossing with or without traffic signals). Two tailed test for two means was conducted to analyses the statistical significance of differences in bicycle speed estimated based on GPS data and empirical measurements using video technique. It showed that Wavelo and Strava speeds are by 17.4% lower are by 23.1% higher than the speeds of regular cyclists respectively. Two linear regression models describing relationships between bicycle speeds from empirical measurements and GPS data were developed. The results show that the variance of bicycle speed is almost 80% described by the variance of Wavelo speed and 60% described by the variance of Strava speed, which suggests that bicycle free-flow speed can be estimated based on GPS data either from bike share system or dedicated app.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport; 2023, 68, 4; 77--90
    0866-9546
    2300-8830
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Semi-formal methods in safety railway control systems validation
    Autorzy:
    Magott, J.
    Lewiński, A.
    Perzyński, T
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/393301.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Stowarzyszenie Telematyki Transportu
    Tematy:
    safety analysis
    railway control computer system
    THR
    FTA
    FTTD method
    Markov process analysis
    analiza bezpieczeństwa
    komputerowe systemy sterowania ruchem kolejowym
    metoda FTTD
    analiza procesu Markowa
    Opis:
    Th e paper deals with extending the obligatory methods of safety proof of railway control and management computer systems towards more formalized methods based on mathematical apparatus. Such semi-formal methods are recommended by existing EU standards for the design, but also to demonstrate safe operation in accordance with the principle of the rail fail-safe rule, where no single error does not lead to catastrophic situations. Th e paper proposes an extension method of FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) method to FTTD (Fault Tree with Time Dependencies), and an analysis of THR method (Tolerable Hazard Rate) to the analysis of probability of catastrophic fault based on stationary Markov processes. Basic methods and their extension are shown on typical examples of rail automation systems: cross-level protection system and interlocking system.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Transport System Telematics; 2013, 6, 1; 32-36
    1899-8208
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Transport System Telematics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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