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Tytuł:
Spór (o wychowanie dorosłych), którego nie było
The dispute (about adult education), which has not occurred
Autorzy:
Tomiło, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/463977.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademickie Towarzystwo Andragogiczne
Tematy:
adult education
adult
theory of education
disputes about adult
education
wychowanie dorosłych
dorosły
teoria wychowania
spor o wychowanie
dorosłych
Opis:
The issue of adult education (raising of adults) in andragogical theory and practice has not enjoyed a great attention of andragogical circles in recent years. Despite the lapse of time, the basis for the theory of adult education and above all, empirical research are still lacking. Certain andragogical circles are convinced that adults may not be and should not be raised and educated. Referring to the achievements of andragogy, the author attempted to make an analysis of sources, which demonstrated that uniformity of opinions dominated in this regard and the dispute about adult education as such in fact has not occurred. However, recently, it has started to slowly grow in the related publications, appearing in andragogical journals. The article is an attempt to draw attention to the importance of the problem and the need for discourse on adult education.
Problematyka wychowania dorosłych w teorii i praktyce andragogicznej w ostatnich latach nie cieszy się zbytnim zainteresowaniem środowiska andragogicznego. Mimo upływu czasu wciąż brak podstaw teorii wychowania dorosłych a przede wszystkim badań empirycznych. Część środowiska andragogów jest przekonana, że dorosłych nie można i nie należy wychowywać. Odwołując się do dorobku andragogiki, autor podjął próbę analizy źródeł, która wykazała, że w tej kwestii dominowała jednolitość poglądów i sporu o wychowanie dorosłych jako takiego w istocie nie było. Ostatnio jednak, jak się wydaje, zaczyna on powoli kiełkować w przyczynkarskich publikacjach, ukazujących się na łamach czasopism andragogicznych. Artykuł jest próbą zwrócenia uwagi na rangę problemu i potrzebę podjęcia dyskursu o wychowaniu dorosłych.
Źródło:
Edukacja Dorosłych; 2013, 2(69)
1230-929X
Pojawia się w:
Edukacja Dorosłych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins in the healthy adults in relation to current recommended intake
Autorzy:
Jablonowska-Lietz, B.
Jarosz, A.
Nowicka, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/877954.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego. Państwowy Zakład Higieny
Tematy:
dietary intake
antioxidant vitamin
food source
vitamin
healthy adult
adult
recommended intake
Opis:
Background. The health benefits arising from antioxidant vitamins A, C and E are well recognised and their recommended dietary intake for the general population have been established. However, there is still a need for assessing antioxidant vitamin intake in different population groups. Objective. To assess intake of antioxidant vitamins: A, C, E and β-carotene, and to identify their major sources in the diets of healthy subjects. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 182 adults; both men and women from polish population. Antioxidant vitamin dietary intake was assessed by individual 3-day records. Data were analysed using updated “Polish Food Composition Tables” and ‘Dieta 5’ Software. Results. The average daily intake of antioxidant vitamins was: 1076 mg for vitamin A (including 46% of retinol and 55% of β-carotene), 107 mg for vitamin C and 9 mg for vitamin E. Higher dietary intake of these vitamins was observed in men compared to women. Conclusions. The average intake of antioxidant vitamins was found to be in recommended range, however, significant differences were observed between the lowest and the highest intake. They were related to differences in the consumption of food products recognized as major sources of vitamins A, C, E and β-carotene in study population.
Wprowadzenie. W dobie nieustannego narażenia organizmu na działanie wolnych rodników, prawidłowe działanie układu antyoksydacyjnego, a tym samym dostarczanie wraz z dietą witamin oksydacyjnych w ilościach odpowiadających zapotrzebowaniu, odgrywa kluczową rolę w zapobieganiu licznych chorób cywilizacyjnych. Cel badań. Celem pracy była ocena spożycia witamin antyoksydacyjnych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem witamin A, C i E oraz β-karotenu, a także wskazanie ich źródeł w diecie badanych. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono w grupie 182 dorosłych osób. Oceny spożycia witamin dokonano w oparciu o trzydniowe zapisy spożycia. Dane analizowano przy użyciu programu komputerowego „Dieta 5” oraz Tabel składu i wartości odżywczej żywności. Wyniki. Średnie dzienne spożycie witamin antyoksydacyjnych wyniosło: dla witaminy A - 1076 μg, (z czego 46% z retinolu a 55% z β-karotenu), dla witaminy C - 107 mg, oraz dla witaminy E - 9 mg, przy wyższych poziomach spożycia u mężczyzn niż u kobiet. Wnioski. Średnie spożycie witamin antyoksydacyjnych odpowiadało zaleceniom, jednak sszczegółowa analiza wyników wykazała istnienie dużych rozbieżności między niskim a wysokim poziomem spożycia tych witamin, związanych z istotnymi różnicami w zakresie konsumpcji produktów będących głównymi źródłami witamin A, C i E oraz β-karotenu.
Źródło:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny; 2013, 64, 1
0035-7715
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nie przeoczyć teraz – filozofia codzienności Janusza Korczaka
Not to overlook the present – Janusz Korczak’s philosophy of everyday life
Autorzy:
Zielka, Sylwester
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1387378.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
Janusz Korczak
responsibility
child
adult
Opis:
In this paper, I focus on one of the children’s rights, which Janusz Korczak raised in his writings, namely the child’s right to the present day, which I understand as a postulate to appreciate the dignity of a child in its everyday life. My aim in this paper is, therefore, not only to reconstruct and uncover the complexities of this postulate, but also to theoretically embed this concept in pedagogical narratives about the child, and more specifically in anthropology of education and upbringing. In order to achieve this aim, 1. I will describe two paths in thinking about the relationship between human beings and their culture, taking into account especially its temporal dimension. Then I will proceed to 2. the concept of children’s rights in Korczak’s understanding of the child subjectivity; in order to indicate 3. the radical and ethical character of message his thinking.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2019, 46, 3; 70-79
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of chronic exercise on a biomarker of bone resorption in healthy adults
Autorzy:
Yusni, Yusni
Rahman, Safrizal
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/551546.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
Tematy:
exercise
calcium
bone resorption
adult
Opis:
Background. Long-term exercise contributes to the inhibition of osteoblast cell activity and to the decrease of bone resorption. Objectives. The research objective was to analyze the chronic effect of regular, long-term physical activity and physical inactivity on carboxyterminal collagen cross-linking telopeptide levels (CTx) and calcium levels in healthy adults. Material and methods. This study was a prospective cohort study. Fifty-four men and women, aged 17–26 years, were divided into 2 groups of 27 people each: exercise and non-exercise. This research was carried out from April 2015 to April 2016 at the Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia. Bone resorption can be determined by measuring the carboxyterminal cross-linking telopeptide of collagen (CTx). The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and regression correlation analysis with a significance level of 5%. Results. The highest levels of CTx were found in the non-exercise group; the lowest levels of CTx were in the exercise group (1.6 ng/mL and 0.30 ng/mL, respectively). This difference in CTx levels between groups was statistically significant (0.52 ± 0.22 ng/mL vs 0.72 ± 0.28 ng/mL; p = 0.005). Calcium was significantly higher in the exercise group than in the non-exercise one (9.67 ± 0.30 vs 9.01 ± 0.21 mg/dl; p = 0.006). There was a negative correlation between calcium levels and CTx in the exercise group (r = 0.038; p = 0.001). Conclusions. Regular exercise led to lower CTx levels and increased calcium levels. The increase in calcium is an effect of the decrease in CTx in healthy adults. Regular exercise decreases bone resorption and increases bone calcium
Źródło:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2019, 3; 270-276
1734-3402
Pojawia się w:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of distant sequele of congenital toxoplasmosis in children and adults
Autorzy:
Kociecka, W.
Paprzycki, W.
Pawlik-Twardosz, H.
Pietrzak-Kaczmarek, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/840671.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Parazytologiczne
Tematy:
parasite
toxoplasmosis
patient
child
adult
Źródło:
Annals of Parasitology; 1998, 44, 3
0043-5163
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Parasitology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Smoking and the level of nicotine addiction in relation to the state of hard dental tissues in young adults
Autorzy:
Sikorska-Jaroszynska, M.H.J.
Mielnik-Blaszczak, M.
Krawczyk, D.
Nasilowska-Barud, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
cigarette smoking
nicotine addiction
nicotine level
hard dental tissue
young adult
adult
human behaviour
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2011, 18, 2
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
My adult son, my adult daughter – reflections of mothers of children with profound intellectual disabilities
Autorzy:
Aksamit, Diana
Marcinkowska, Barbara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/938821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
person
adult
society
profound intellectual disability
Opis:
Everyone has the right to participate in society, regardless of his or her current personal situation, level of psychosocial functioning or experience. No reason can justify marginalisation or exclusion of people from social life at any stage of their lives. The aim of the article is an attempt to characterise the adulthood of people with profound intellectual disabilities on the basis of subjective assessment of their mothers. The methodology applied was that of a qualitative research, where the main research technique was narrative interviews. The results of the research demonstrate that adulthood is the stage of life when people with profound intellectual disabilities and their caregivers require special support in mental, spiritual, social, societal and educational dimensions.
Źródło:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej; 2019, 26; 255-269
2300-391X
Pojawia się w:
Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wspólnotowe priorytety w dziedzinie edukacji religijnej dorosłych
The Community Priorities in the Field of Religious Education of Adults
Autorzy:
Zając, Marian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31340380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
katecheza
nauczanie
dorosły
catechesis
education
adult
Opis:
A great deal of aid in defining the role of an adult in a pluralist society may come nowadays from the field of religious education comprised within the catechesis of adults. In its assumptions it emphasizes the fact that the ultimate aim of a man’s activity is not only the physical and material promotion of the person, but giving the Christian testimony as well. It also reminds about the necessity to be engaged in educational activities aiming at creating the attitudes of a devoted service to another man in an ecclesiastical community. The catechesis of adults is a challenge and a binding index in education of adults, which first of all touches the conscience. Faithfulness to it is a test of humanity and its internal truth. At the same time it is an attempt to give a meaning to religious education of adults.
Źródło:
Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne; 2009, 1; 79-89
2081-1829
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Osobowość pacjentek z cukrzycą typu 2
The personality of diabetic women
Autorzy:
Kocemba, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2139340.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
diabetes mellitus type 2
women
adult
personality
Opis:
The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between personality of 66 healthy women and 66 women with type 2 diabetes. The average age of both groups was 63. I use the 16th Personality Factors Test by Cattell. A lower level of intelligence characterizes the personality of a diabetic, they are more submissive, effusive and responsible. They are calmer and more practical in their behavior. Healthy women are more self-sufficient and unconventional.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica; 2003, 07; 77-85
2353-4842
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Media - ethical and psychological effects
Autorzy:
Gluchmanová, Jana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2151211.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
television
influence
media
children
adult
human being
Opis:
This article tries to outline the basic issue associated with watching TV. I focused my attention primarily on the impact of inappropriate media texts on the harmonious development of human personality.
Źródło:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2018, 2(23); 87-92
1730-0266
Pojawia się w:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Niesamodzielne pełnoletnie dziecko – rozwód rodziców i alimentacja na rzecz dziecka
An adult but dependent child – parental divorce and alimony for a child
Autorzy:
Wybrańczyk, Daniela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120160.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
alimony/maintenance
divorce
adult
alimenty
rozwód
pełnoletni
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kilku wybranych materialnoprawnych kwestii dotyczących dziecka pełnoletniego, lecz jeszcze niesamodzielnego, pojawiających się w związku z postępowaniem o rozwód jego rodziców. Odniesiono się m.in. do negatywnej przesłanki rozwodowej, jaką jest sprzeczność orzeczenia rozwodu z zasadami współżycia społecznego w kontekście objęcia nią pełnoletniego dziecka rozwodzących się rodziców, oraz zaprezentowano zagadnienia związane z alimentacją pełnoletniego niesamodzielnego dziecka i alimentami na potrzeby rodziny ustalanymi w postępowaniu zabezpieczającym. Badania oparto na analizie aktów prawnych, jednocześnie wykorzystując metodę prawnoporównawczą. W zakresie wskazanej wyżej negatywnej przesłanki orzeczenia rozwodu należy uznać, że dobro dzieci niesamodzielnych jest właściwie chronione. W artykule wykazano również, że w innych państwach europejskich różnie kształtuje się wiek dziecka, z ukończeniem którego wygasa obowiązek jego utrzymania przez rodziców. Analiza zagranicznych regulacji skłania do wniosku, że granica wieku, do której rodzice powinni wspierać dzieci, nie pokrywa się z ich samodzielnością prawną.
The aim of the article is to present a few selected material legal issues concerning an adult child who is still dependent, which arise in connection with the divorce proceedings of his or her parents. The article refers to the negative divorce premise, that is, the inconsistency of the divorce decree with the principles of social coexistence in the context of including an adult child of divorcing parents, and presents issues associated with the maintenance of an adult dependent child. The research was based on an analysis of legal acts, combined with the comparative legal method. As regards the negative condition for divorce, it should be considered that the welfare of dependent children is properly protected. The article also shows that other European countries vary in terms of the age at which parents’ obligation to provide for their children ceases. The analysis of foreign regulations leads to the conclusion that the age to which parents should support their children does not coincide with their legal independence.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2022, 84, 2; 43-56
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Impact of body weight on shifting of foot pressure among adult subjects
Autorzy:
Youssef, Enas F.
Shanb, Alsayed A.
Ameer, Mariam A.
Shanab, Mahmoud E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27324153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Wrocławska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
Tematy:
foot pressure
obese
adult
nacisk stopy
otyły
dorosły
Opis:
Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the distribution of foot plantar pressure between normal and obese adult subjects during walking. Methods: Sixty male and female adult volunteers (aged 20–40) were recruited into the study. They were equally divided into 30 normal subjects (BMI = 18.5–22.9 kg/cm2 ) into group I and 30 obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/cm2 ) into group II, according to their BMI. Results: There were statistically significant differences between normal and obese subjects in foot length, width, and pressure distribution in the hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot, and toes. There was a statistically significant increase in the plantar pressure of all measured areas in obese persons in comparison with the normal subjects. In addition, all measures of foot pressure showed statistically significant differences between the same sex of both groups, while the obese subjects of both genders have higher foot pressure in all measured areas. High positive correlations were detected between BMI, peak pressure, foot contact, and foot width in both groups, but there was a weak positive correlation between normal BMI and foot contact area. Conclusion: The distribution of plantar foot pressure is different in adult obese subjects than in normal adult subjects during walking activity. The obese persons have larger foot length, width, higher peak pressure, and contact area. This study can help physical therapists to understand the differences of foot pressure between normal and obese subjects, and consequently, to detect any expected foot abnormalities accompanied by obesity.
Źródło:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 2020, 22, 2; 131--137
1509-409X
2450-6303
Pojawia się w:
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Identification of factors determining anxiety, depression and aggression, with particular emphasis on pain in Polish adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis
Autorzy:
Cepuch, Grażyna
Tomaszek, Lucyna
Pawlik, Lidia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/552655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Medycyny Rodzinnej i Lekarzy Rodzinnych
Tematy:
sleep
depression
pain
anxiety
cystic fibrosis
adolescent
adult.
Źródło:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review; 2018, 2; 112-116
1734-3402
Pojawia się w:
Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nasilenie przestępczości młodocianych i dorosłych w latach 1958-1962 na podstawie statystyki sądowej
The extent of young adult and adult delinquency in poland in the years 1958-1962 on the basis of judicial statistics
Autorzy:
Jasiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699324.pdf
Data publikacji:
1965
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
kryminologia
przestępczość
młodociany
dorosły
criminology
deliquency
young
adult
Opis:
In the years 1958-1962 a certain slight increase of adult delinquency (until 1960) and later its slight decline has become apparent. This is affirmed by police statistics (relating to the number of crimes registered and revealed by the police), by the data of the  Public Prosecutor's Office (containing information on reported crimes) and by the data of Law Courts (containing the number of convictions). In the years 1958-1962 the yearly number of convictions amounted to about 300 thous. This constitutes an increase of about 70 per cent as compared with the level of 1951 which however was due partly to an enlargement of the competence of Iaw courts. The frequency of convictions of adults measured by the delinquency coefficient (calculated per thousand of criminally liable persons i.e. persons over 17 years of age) amounted to a level of 17,2 in 1960 i.e. 62 per cent higher than in 1951. In 1962 that frequency was expressed by the coefficient 15.5 which indicated an average of 1 conviction on 65 criminally liable persons. Among the total of persons convicted by the Courts of Law juveniles under 17 years of age formed only a very small group (5-9 per cent), nevertheless, together with the young adults (17-20 years of age) they already constituted about 20 per cent of all the convicted. Persons under 30 (practicalły those aged 10-29) constituted half of the total of juveniles found guilty and convicted adults. Poland, together with Yugoslavia and Hungary, seems to belong to that group of countries where against the background of adult delinquency the juvenile and young adult delinquency does not, according to statistics relating to convictions, present a particularly serious problem.  In a series of countries, persons under 20-21 years of age constituted more than a half of revealed offenders (e.g. England and Wales, Canada) and in some of them even two thirds of the total (Ireland, Norway, Sweden). Delinquency coefficients denoting frequency of convictions indicate that its degree was highest among the young adults (i.e. those aged 17-20) and adults aged 21-24 and 25-29. In 1962 approximately every 41 person in each of these age groups was convicted. A small increase of the frequency of convictions which occurred in 1958-1960 was most strongly reflected by the convicted of precisely those age groups. Its subsequent decline was there the least noticeable. Out of the total of 300 thous. persons convicted in 1962 about 245 thous. were men and about 55 thous. women. The number of convicted women in relation to 100 convicted men was continually diminishing (though not without certain oscillattions): it was 35 in 1951 and only 22 in 1962. Poland together with Yugoslavia and Hungary, also with Belgium, belongs to the countries with a high percentage of women among the convicted adults (about 20 per cent of the total). In most countries it is much lower and does not even reach 10 per cent (e.g. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Canada, France). The frequency of convictions of men was expressed by the coefficient 29.2 in 1960, which indicates a 70 per cent increase as compared with 1951. It was merely 9 per cent lower than in 1937 (the coefficient was then 31.5). In 1962 the delinquency coefficient for men amounted to 27.0. In that year there was on the average one conviction on 36 criminally liable men. The frequency of convictions of women was expressed by the coefficient 5.3 in 1962 which indicates a mere 2 per cent increase as compared with 1951. In the years 1958-1959 that degree of frequency was however much higher. The coefficient has then reached the level of 6.9 and was even higher than in 1937 when it amounted to 6.6. Among the total of men convicted by the law courts the juveniles constituted 6-10 per cent and together with young adults 20-22 per cent in the years 1958-1962. The percentage of women among the convicted bareIy amounted to 2-4 per cent and 12-13 per cent. Half of the convicted men was somewhat under thirty and half of the women under thirty five years of age. Among the convicted men hardly every tenth man was fifty years old or over. Among the convicted women every sixth one was of that age. The relation between the number of convicted men and women differed in particular age groups: in 1962 there were 15 women to 100 convicted men aged 17-20, 17 to 100 aged 25-29 years, 27 to 100 aged 35-39, 32 to 100 aged 45--49 and 48 to 100 aged 60 and over. Frequency of convictions of juveniles and young men reached a very high level in the course of the period under investigation. In the years 1960-1962 one out of every 23 men aged 17-29 was convicted. Delinquency coefficients for men in older age groups (over 30 years of age) were rapidly diminishing; the value of the coefficients for men aged 35-39 equalled two thirds of the value of the coefficienits for the 17-20 age group, about a half for the 45-49, about one third for the 50-59 and about one eighth for the age group of sixty and over. The highest frequency of convictions of women occurred among those aged 21-24. It was higher among women of 40 or even 45 than among those aged 17-20. The decline in the frequency of convictions of women over 50 was relatively twice lower than that of men. In a series of European countries various groups of juvenile and not adult offenders have the highest delinquency coefficient, as for example in England and Wales, Norway and Sweden. In other countries, among which beside Poland and Hungary also German Federal Republic and Switzerland should be counted, the maximum degree of frequency of convictions concerns various age groups of adults in the young groups of age. Analysing frequency of convictions occurring in various areas of the country one can theoretically use two kinds of coefficients: calculated according to the place of crime perpetrated by the convicted person, and according to the place of residenoe of the convicted person. Differences, existing between estimates of frequency of delinquency based on these coefficients present themselves as follows: they are of no particular importance when all-country data are examined, they are of some slight importance in case of particular voivodships, of greater importance when frequency of convictions in town and oountry is being defined and of prirnary importance at estimating that frequency of convictions in town and country in particular voivodships and in most of the 22 largest towns in Poland. Coefficients, based on the data relating to the place of crime, indicated in many voivodships larger differences in the degree of frequency of convictions in town and country than the coefficients based on the data relating to the domicile of the convicted persons. Although the town becomes the place of crime much more often than the countryside, the difference between the "criminality" of the town and village dwellers is rather small.  The extent of differences between estimates of frequency of convictions in town and country in particular voivodships based on both those coefficients proved to be correlated with the extent of daily travels to and from work in these voivodships. Also analogous differences between estimates of frequency of convictions in the 22 largest towns in Poland were connected with extent of daily travels to work. In 1951 the delinquency coefficient for adults in the town (14.7) was 86 per cent higher than in the countryside (8.0). In 1962 the coefficient in the town (18.1) was already only 41 per cent higher than in the countryside (12.8). The general increase of the frequency of convictions which occurred in the last twelve years period was more influenced by its changes in the coutryside than in the town. In the years 1959-1962 one out of 30-32 men and one out of 115-149 women was convicted in town, while one out of 39-44 men and one out of 189-256 women was convicted in the country. In 1960 every twentieth man at the age of 17-20 was convicted in town. The frequency of convictions of 17-20 year olds definiteiy dominated over the frequency of convictions of other groups of adults only in the case of men in towns; as regards men in the countryside that preponderance was slight. In towns the frequency of convictions of women aged 17-20 was somewhat lower than of those aged 21-24 and in the country definitely lower than the frequency of convictions of all older women (even 45-49 years old). In 1960 the delinquency coefficient for men (29.2) was 4.4 times higher than the delinquency coefficient for women (6.6) and the differences in frequency of convicted men and women were smaller in town than in the country. Largest diffenences in the frequency of convictions of men and women were noted among those aged 17-20, convicted for offences committed in the country, and the smallest occurred among the oldest convicted who committed offences on the town. Differences in the frequency of convictions between town and country as well as between men and women, were smaller in western and northern territories than in the remaining areas of the country. Also the delinquency coefficients were higher in western and northern territories than in other areas. A proper analysis of factors determining differences in the frequency of convictions of adults in different areas is particularly complicated. It seems that putting forward and verifying the hypotheses which explain the constantly occurring differences in coefficients calculated for particular voivodships, ought to take place not in connection with an analysis of data relating to all convicted adults jointly but separately for those convicted for certain categories or groups of offences, separately for men and women and separately for different age groups. A relationship has been ascertained in the regional distribution of men and women delinquency, and that in all age groups; it was very strong regarding the relatively younger convicted (viz. higher, medium and lower degree of the frequency of convictions regarding both men and women appeared as a rule in the same voivodships). That relationship was weaker in the older groups. An analysis of the regional repartition of the frequency of convictions of men convicted in different age groups has shown that this repartition was most similar in case of persons belonging to the neighbouring age groups and diminished in those farther apart. As regards persons aged 60 and over this repartition somewhat differed from that encountered in other age groups. The same correlations even more strongly marked, applied also to women. Taking into consideration coefficients for the total of adults, it has been stated that in the years 1951, 1955, 1957 and 1960 a relatively higher degree of frequency of convictions continually appeared in western territories and in the Katowice voivodship (moreover, in Warsaw and Łódź). Also relationships between the regional differentiation of frequency of convictions and migration of the population have been established, their appearance being due both to the last war and its consequences as well as to the industrialization and urbanization of the country. The distribution of frequency of convictions (in particular voivodships) contains statistical tables concerning, among others, the structure of dela statistically significant similarity. Numerous statistical tables concerning questions briefly outlined in the sumrnary are included in the text of the author's work. The annex contains statistical tables concerning among others, the structure of deliquency and recidivism.
Źródło:
Archiwum Kryminologii; 1965, III; 283-365
0066-6890
2719-4280
Pojawia się w:
Archiwum Kryminologii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gamma irradiation used on adult Tetranychus urticae Koch as a quarantine treatment
Autorzy:
Osouli, S.
Nejad, K.H.I.
Ziaie, F.
Moghaddam, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65503.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
gamma-irradiation
adult
Tetranychus urticae
quarantine treatment
sterility
Opis:
The effect of gamma radiation with 0, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, and 450 Gy intensities on the longevity, total number of eggs, and the percent of hatched eggs laid by irradiated females of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Tetranychidae) was evaluated. Two different groups (0–24 h old and 48–72 h old) of adult females were irradiated. The results showed that 350 and 300 Gy doses significantly reduced the longevity of the 0–24 h old females and the 48–72 h old females. The younger females were more tolerant at lower dose rates than the older females. There was a quadratic relationship between dose rates and young females, while it was linear in older females. The total number of eggs laid by females of both ages was significantly reduced with a linear trend by 250 Gy irradiation. The eggs laid by females of both the 0–24 h olds and the 48–72 h olds lost their hatchability when the dose rate was 350 Gy. It was concluded, that applying a dose rate of 320 Gy on one of the mates (male or female) before mating, or a 300 Gy on both of them, would be sufficient to cause sterility in adult mites.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2014, 54, 2
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 62

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