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    Tytuł:
    Wpływ warunków pogodowych na zmionność ablacji lodowców Waldemara i Ireny (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie latnim 2003 roku
    Influence of meteorological conditions on ablation of Waldemar Glacier and Irene Glacier (NW Spitsbergen) in the Summer season of 2003
    Autorzy:
    Sobota, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260688.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen
    warunki pogodowe
    Lodowiec Waldemara
    Lodowiec Ireny
    ablacja
    meteorological conditions
    Waldemar Glacier
    Irene Glacier
    ablation
    Opis:
    The paper presents the results of meteorological measurements carried out in the Kaffioyra Plain in the summer season of 2003. The main meteorological observations were conducted in N.Copernicus Polar Station, situated in northern part of the Kaffioyra (NW Spitsbergen). The paper also presents the results of ablation measurements on the Waldemar Glacier and Irene Glacier, which are located at Kaffioyra Region. The mean air temperature in the summer period (21.07. to 31.08.2003) was 6.1°C and was visibly higher then the long-term average. The sum of precipitation in this time was 74 mm and was higher then the long-term average. The comparison between summer season 2003 and mean values from the years 1975-2003 in the common period shows that this season was characterised by air temperature higher then many year?s values. The Waldemar Glacier and Irene Glacier are located in the northern part of the Oscar II Land, northwestern Spitsbergen. In spite of small areas of these glaciers, there is great spatial variation of ablation. Both Waldemar Glacier and Irene Glacier area and the height difference between the accumulation zone and the ablation area are relatively small. Nevertheless, spatial variation of ablation is observed. In this summer season the highest ablation values of Waldemar Glacier were noted in the ablation area of the glacier up to the altitude of about 250 m a.s.l., as well as at the foot of its medial moraine. The highest ablation values of Irene Glacier were noted in the ablation area of the glacier up to the altitude of about 300 m a.s.l.. During the analysed season a high average air temperature was observed. It resulted in increased ablation if compared to the previous seasons. Average air temperature and local glacier conditions were accepted as the main factors of ablation. The glacier average total summer ablation of Waldemar Glacier was 118.1 cm w.e. And Irene Glacier 111.1 cm w.e., respectively. The main meteorological parameters, which have an influence on ablation, are air temperature, wind velocity, insolation and participation. But it must be stressed that these parameters are clearly determined by local conditions of glaciers such as hypsometry, solar exposition, slope as well as density and the course of supraglacial streams.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 95-106
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ warunków meteorologicznych na kształtowanie się odpływu powierzchniowego na Lodowcu Waldemara (NW Spitsbergen) latem 1997 roku
    Influence of meteorological conditions to the surface run-off on the Waldemar Glacier (NW Spitsbergen) in the summer of 1997
    Autorzy:
    Brykała, D.
    Araźny, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260802.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Spitsbergen
    warunki meteorologiczne
    Lodowiec Waldemara
    pomiary meteorologiczne
    ablacja
    Opis:
    In the summer season 1997 during the 13rd Toruń Polar Expedition research works were carried out to investigate the dynamics of water run-off in a selected supraglacial stream on the Waldemar Glacier in comparison to the course of meteorological conditions and ablation (figs l and 3). We have tried to present also the temporal and spatial changes in the structure of surface run-off on the glacier. Over the Kaffiöyra region in the whole summer season, especially in August, cyclonic weather dominated. Its characteristic features were: small sunshine duration (16.6 percent of the possible value), high cloudiness (8.5 on the scale l-10), high frequency of strong winds (mean velocity 5.4 m/s), and very abundant and intensive atmospheric precipitation (sum 122.5 mm) (fig. 2). The ablation is considerably differentiated spatially and temporary. In the studied period its highest value was observed below 250 m above sea level, and the lowest one on 430 m above sea level (19 cm e.w.). On 150 m above sea level, at the hydrometric stand, the ablation was 119 cm e.w. The gradient of ablation varied from 0.3 cm to 3.6 cm e.w. per 100 m height in the selected periods (Sobota 1998). The three big streams marked on fig. 3 (A. B and e) have the greatest role in the formation of the surface drainage system of the Waldemar Glacier. Daily measurements of the discharge intensity were made on the 508.6 m long supraglacial stream. The stationary measurement point was on 147m above sea level, about 160 m above the place where the stream leaves the snout of the glacier. The spatial differentiation induced the authors to distinguish five glacio-hydrological zones on the Waldemar Glacier: intensive ablation. Organized run-off, snow patches, slush, and dry snow (fig, 4, tab. l). The main criteria to distinguish the individual zones were the followings: morphology of the glacial surface, pollution degree of the snow by moraine material, and types of the surface run-off. Table 2 presents the correlation coefficients between the meteorological parameters and ablation and the discharge in the analysed stream. In most of the cases the correlation between the individual parameters is high (r > 0.77). The highest values of the correlation coefficient occur between the discharge and the course of temperature and ablation.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2000, 10; 139-158
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zróżnicowanie albedo Lodowca Scotta (W Spitsbergen)
    The 'Albedo' differentiation at Scott's Glacier (W Spitsbergen)
    Autorzy:
    Siwek, K.
    Gluza, A.
    Bartoszewski, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260684.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    pokrywa śnieżna
    ablacja
    Lodowiec Scotta
    Spitsbergen
    snow cover
    ablation
    Scott's Glacier
    Opis:
    The aim of the present study was the quantitative determination of ?albedo? which is a significant factor influencing the balance of short-wave radiation. The value of surface albedo allows to determine its role in the heat balance of the active surface which in turns influences the ablation level. Studies on the accumulation and ablation conditions of the snow cover commenced on Scott?s Glacier in 1987. On average, the thickness of the frontal part decreased by 75 m, i.e. 2.7 m annually. Decession of the glacier was confirmed by studies carried out in 2001 during which it was found that Scott?s Glacier had decreased in its surface area by over 10% in the period 1986?2001. Three types of active surfaces, i.e.: land, ice and water, play a significant role in the radiation balance of the Arctic. During the summer months practically all the heat reaching the surface of the earth is taken up in thawing the ice. In the summer of 2001, a substantial variation of albedo occurred on Scott?s Glacier. The above changes depended to a large extent on the physical properties of the glacier?s surface. High spatial differentiation of albedo was also observed in the period studied (i.e. the summer of 2001). The lowest values (15-25%) occurred at the front of the glacier which was covered with ice and numerous kryokonite smelts filled with water or polluted with morenic or eolic material. Somewhat higher values (40-60%) were found in the supraglacial river valleys and in the zone of surface water deposits as they turned into slush. The highest albedo values occurred in the firn field where leveled snow, often firn, or fresh wind-blown snow was deposited (60-85%). After the precipitation of the fresh, clean snow, albedo increased and reached values above 88%.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 127-132
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania glacjologiczne współczesnych zmian Lodowca Ireny, Svalbard
    The Irene Glacier changes glaciological investigations, Svalbard
    Autorzy:
    Sobota, I.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261041.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    bilans masy lodowca
    akumulacja śniegu
    ablacja
    lodowiec
    Svalbard
    glacier
    snow accumulation
    mass balance
    Opis:
    Badania glacjologiczne przeprowadzono na Lodowcu Ireny, o powierzchni 4,1 km2 (2009), zlokalizowanym na Kaffioyrze na północno-zachodnim Spitsbergenie. Obejmowały one zagadnienia topnienia lodowca, zmienności akumulacji śniegu w sezonie wiosennym i letnim oraz zmian bilansu masy, powierzchni i położenia czoła lodowca. Szczegółowo przeanalizowano lata 2008 i 2009. Różniły się one wyraźnie warunkami pogodowymi, zwłaszcza w okresie letnim, co miało istotny wpływ na poszczególne elementy określające wielkość zmian i dynamiki lodowca. W dłuższym przedziale czasowym (2002-2009), lodowiec Ireny charakteryzuje się wyraźnie negatywnymi zmianami, zwłaszcza ujemnym bilansem masy, jak również cofaniem się czoła i zmniej-szaniem powierzchni. Jednakże występują lata, które wyraźnie różnią się od ogólnego negatywnego kierunku zmian. Przykładowo sytuacja taka miała miejsce w roku 2008.
    The glaciological investigations of the Irene Glacier changes, a 4.1 km2 glacier located in NW Spitsbergen, Svalbard, were undertaken. Traditional glaciological mass balance measurements by stake readings and snow surveying have been conducted annually since 2002. In this paper 2008 and 2009 mass balance years were analyzed in details.. Glaciological research of the Irene Glacier refers to the following issues: glacier's melting, changes in the snow accumulation during the spring and summer seasons, and the changes of the area and the position of the glacier’s tongue. The years 2008 and 2009 were distinct in terms of the weather conditions, especially during the summer season. This significantly influenced the individual elements which describe the changes and dynamics of the glacier. Glaciological methods of mass balance estimation involve repeated stake measurements at the glacier surface to determine the rates of ablation and accumulation. These methods involve estimation of local mass balance using ablation poles, supplemented with studies of the snow cover in pits. At the end of the 2008 ablation season snow cover occured on about half of the glacier surface. In 2009 in the same time snow was visible only in the upper part of the accumulation zones of this glacier and at the foot of the mountain slopes. The 2008 winter balance of the Irene Glacier was 55 cm w.e, and 65 cm e.w.in 2009. In the balance year 2009, in spite of the winter snow accumulation higher than the average, the annual net mass balance of the Irene Glacier was definitely negative. In 2008 mean annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was -38 cm w.e. In 2009 mean annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was -63 cm w.e. and was very similar to the mean multi-annual value of the annual net mass balance of this glacier. Spatial diversity of mass balance of the Irene Glacier is mainly influenced by weather conditions over a specific part of the glacier and by local morphology. In 2009, the spatial diversity of the net mass balance of the Irene Glacier was mostly influenced by its negative value in the ablation area. The net mass balance in the ablation area of the glacier was up to -250 cm w.e. The zone of the negative net balance covered a larger area if compared to the previous years and especially to the year 2008. Such a situation predominantly resulted from a higher ablation. In 2009 mean annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was similar to the mean multi-annual value of the net mass balance of this glacier. In the balance year 2009, in spite of the winter snow accumulation, higher than the average, the annual mass balance of the Irene Glacier was definitely negative. This was the result of intensive ablation during the summer season. The negative net mass balance of the Kaffiřyra region glaciers recorded in recent years influences their geometry, especially shrinking the area and lowering the surface, as well as changing their front positions. Between 2000 and 2009, the area of the Irene Glacier decreased by about 3%. In the years 2002-2009 the Irene Glacier showed negative tendencies, especially in its mass balance. Moreover, the retreat of the tongue and the decrease of the glacier’s area were recorded. However, there were also years which differed a lot from the general negative trend of changes. For instance, such a situation was recorded in 2008. It must be stressed that large winter snow accumulation does not necessarily influence the lower negative mass balance. Similarly, intensive melting during the summer season does not necessarily mean significant negative mass balance value. It is connected with the weather conditions in a given year and seasonal balance, as well as with other local conditions of the glacier. As a result, the inter-dependency between climate and mass balance may be slightly distorted. Nevertheless, mass balance of a glacier remains one of the most important indexes of modern climate changes. Glaciological studies of the Irene Glacier pose an important element in the estimation of modern changes in the cryosphere of the Kaffiřyra Region, which is an example of changes in the environment of the NW Spitsbergen.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2010, 20; 143-159
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monitoring of Hans Glacier movement dynamics (Hornsund Sw Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
    Autorzy:
    Walo, J.
    Puczko, D.
    Adamek, A.
    Węzka, K.
    Malinowski, Z.
    Rajner, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/224448.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Warszawska. Wydział Geodezji i Kartografii
    Tematy:
    ablacja
    chłodzenie ablacyjne
    Spitsbergen
    ruch lodowca
    lodowiec
    stacja polarna
    ablation
    movement of glacier
    Hans Glacier
    glacier
    polar station
    Opis:
    Fast and exact GPS measurements are independent from weather and season of the year. For achieving reliable results, survey should be conducted at least once a month and at least twice a month in summer season (June-September). GPS RTK is suggested for pole movement determination. In case of real-time corrections limited availability (i.e. screening by mountains) using Rapid Static is a good choice. To minimize multipath error antenna should be placed at least 0,5m eccentric to pole and at 1 m height. Ablation pole movement vectors of Hans glacier indicate few relations. Most important feature is speed being about 10 times greater in foremost zone of glacier than in lateral parties of glacier. Measurements of lateral profile indicate that, accordingly to expectations, surface speed of glacier is greater in middle axis comparing to the edges or glacier.
    Źródło:
    Reports on Geodesy; 2006, z. 1/76; 173-179
    0867-3179
    Pojawia się w:
    Reports on Geodesy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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