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Tytuł:
Galicyjscy uchodźcy wojenni w Żywcu w latach 1914–1915
Galician War Refugees in Żywiec in 1914—1915
Autorzy:
Szczepaniak, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/25428191.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
Żywiec
Galicja
Austro-Węgry
I wojna światowa
uchodźcy wojenni w czasie I wojny światowej
Galicia
Austro-Hungary
World War I
war refugees during the World War I
Opis:
Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie procesu napływu galicyjskich uchodźców wojennych do Żywca w okresie od sierpnia 1914 do maja 1915 roku. W tekście przedstawiono dane liczbowe oraz informacje pozwalające scharakteryzować pod względem wyznaniowym i zawodowym przybyłych do Żywca uchodźców. Zwrócono również uwagę na zaangażowanie mieszkańców miasta w pomoc przybyłej ludności. Brak danych w literaturze historycznej uniemożliwia pełne porównanie zjawiska napływu uchodźców w innych miastach skrajnie zachodniej części Galicji. Zebrane w artykule informacje mogą posłużyć za materiał porównawczy w badaniach tego zagadnienia w kontekście innych miejscowości.
The failures of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces, which took place in the first months of the Great War, led to the emergence of the phenomenon of a war refugee. Some of the refugees did not leave the crownland or they stayed at its western end for a longer time. At that time, many refugees arrived in Żywiec. The aim of this paper is to present the process of the influx of refugees to the city. The conducted research allowed to conclude that about 2300 refugees registered in Żywiec in the period  from August 1914 to May 1915. This number constituted over 40% of the pre-war inhabitants of the city. It is worth remembering that not all refugees entered the registration book kept by the local magistrate; therefore, this group was even larger in reality. The work focuses on the religious and professional structures of the refugees staying in Żywiec. The process of research of addresses that were provided by refugees who registered in Żywiec showed what kind of help was offered to them by the indigenous inhabitants of the city. The paper also attempts to analyse how Żywiec presented itself in comparison with other cities when it comes to the number of refugees staying in the city.
Źródło:
Wieki Stare i Nowe; 2022, 17, 22; 1-17
1899-1556
2353-9739
Pojawia się w:
Wieki Stare i Nowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zabór pruski wobec Aktu 5 listopada
The Prussian Partition in the face of the Act of 5th November
Autorzy:
Łysoń, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Niemcy
Akt 5 listopada
zabór pruski
pierwsza wojna światowa
Germany
the Act of 5th November
the Prussian Partition
World War I
Opis:
This article is an attempt at presenting the reception by the political elites of the Prussian Partition of the so-called Act of 5th November declared in 1916 by the central powers. It proclaimed the establishment of an independent Polish state as a protectorate of the central powers. The country’s territory was to encompass the parts of the Kingdom of Poland occupied by Germany and Austria-Hungary which formerly had been incorporated into Russia. The article presents briefly the political and social situation in the Prussian Partition at the time of the outbreak of WWI. The author presents primarily the attitudes of Polish political elites from the Poznań Province to the declaration. He also presents the political situation on the German side in the Prussian Partition. The article concludes with an indication that further research is required into the Partition’s political and social issues during World War I.
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2017, 2 (13); 42-56
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Społeczeństwo polskie wobec armii rosyjskiej w pierwszych miesiącach I wojny światowej na podstawie literatury wspomnieniowej
Polish society attitudes towards the Russian Army in the first months of the Great War on the basis of memorial literature
Autorzy:
Golak, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2046437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-01-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
I wojna światowa
Wielka Wojna
Królestwo Polskie
rosyjscy żołnierze
Kozacy
stereotyp
World War I
the Great War
the Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland)
Russian soldiers
Cossacks
stereotype
Opis:
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie wizerunku żołnierzy rosyjskich prezentowanego na kartach literatury wspomnieniowej, dokumentującej pierwszy rok Wielkiej Wojny. Tekst prezentuje postawy i opinie na temat żołnierzy armii rosyjskiej. Konfrontowane są one z ukształtowanym, skrajnie negatywnym, stereotypem rosyjskiego żołnierza funkcjonującym w polskim społeczeństwie. W artykule prezentowane są opinie indywidualne oraz spostrzeżenia wynikające z obserwacji reakcji ogółu mieszkańców, a dotyczące zachowania rosyjskiego wojska, relacji z cywilami, prezencji żołnierskiej. W artykule autor wskazuje na elementy rzeczywistości społeczno-politycznej, które były źródłem takiego stanu rzeczy.
The purpose of this article is to present the image of Russian soldiers as presented in the memoirs documenting the first year of the Great War. The text presents the attitudes and opinions expressed and presented about the soldiers of the Russian army. This is confronted with the formed, extremely negative stereotype of the Russian soldier functioning in Polish society. The text presents individual opinions and observations resulting from the scrutiny of the reactions of the general population, concerning the behavior of the Russian army, relations with civilians, and military presence. In the article, the author points to the elements of the socio-political reality that were the source of this state of affairs.
Źródło:
Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne; 2021, 27, 1; 9-17
2299-2367
Pojawia się w:
Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Likwidacja administracji i majątku guberni suwalskiej w 1918 roku
Liquidation of the Suwałki Governorate administration and assets
Autorzy:
Dmitruk, Stefan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142640.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
World War I
Suwałki Governorate
evacuations of civilians
Russia
the Kingdom of Poland
liquidation of the governorate
liquidation of Russian provinces in 1918
Opis:
During the First World War the administration of the Suwałki Governorate was evacuated to Riazan in Russia. When the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia in 1917, they decided about liquidation of the tsarist governorates. The subject of the research is the liquidation of the Suwałki Governorate as well as the organization and works of the Commission for Liquidation of the Suwałki Governorate Evacuated Offices in Riazan in 1918. Archival materials gathered in the National Archives in Białystok constitute the main source of the publication.
Źródło:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne; 2018, 16; 147-163
1425-1930
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Los rodziny Antoniego Mysakowskiego w pierwszym roku Wielkiej Wojny
The history of the family of Antoni Mysakowski in the first year of the Great War
Autorzy:
Garbacz, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
Antoni Mysakowski
Janina Mysakowska
Franciszek Stachnik
Eugenia Dominiowa
Biłgoraj
Huta Krzeszowska
Nowiny
Zawadki
Lubelszczyzna
Syberia
the Great War
World War I
the Lublin Land
Siberia
Opis:
For the author of this publication, the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I became an opportunity to look at its first dozen moths in the south of the Lublin Land in the context of both military activities and the fate of civilians on the example of the family of the exiled Antoni Mysakowski, an organist from Huta Krzeszowska. The article was written on the basis of available publications referring to military activities in that area as well as unpublished family archives from early 20th century. The sources comprise the letters and documents confirming the imprisonment of Antoni Mysakowski by Russians in 1914 and his exile to Siberia, as well as parts of the diary of his daughter Janina, containing, among others, short reports from the front and its back-up in the territory of the southern Lublin Land – the places where she stayed with her family at that time. As the registers of births, marriages and deaths specify, the family of Antoni Mysakowski was connected with the Lublin Land from at least the 18th century, initially with the region of Chełm and Krasnystaw. Jan Mysakowski, the grandfather of the author of the diary, came with his family to Huta Krzeszowska which, at that time, was located in the district of Biłgoraj, around 1880. Their son, Antoni, spent many years in Huta with his wife, Stanisława nee Nowakowska. In 1894, their daughter, Janina, was born there. When the war broke out, Janina Mysakowska stayed in the area of Zwierzyniec and Szczebrzeszyn. When she stayed in the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz, she found herself in the area of fights between the Austrian 4th Army of General Moritz von Auffenberg and the Russian 5th Army of General Pavel von Plehve. At that time, between 26 August and 2 September 1914, there was a great battle, referred to as the Battle of Komarów. Janina recollects the fights of 28 August. At that time, Eugenia Dominiowa nee Aleksiewicz (1872-1917), the wife of a clerk employed with a local sugar factory lived in Klemensów, where ordinate Zamoyski had his residence. In her diary, she described the military activities in Klemensów and in other places in the southern Lublin Land. Parts of that diary were published in 1938 in “Teka Zamojska”. Antoni Mysakowski’s family, staying in the area of Szczebrzeszyn, did not know his fate or the fate of other inhabitants of Huta Krzeszowska after the Austrians had marched into the area. It was only after her return home in 1914, when the Austro-Hungarian army was forced behind the San, that Janina got to know that her father had accepted the Austrians’ proposal to take over the post of a head of the village and, as a result, he was arrested by Russians. Janina described briefly the situation in Huta, where Russian troops were deployed permanently, she mentioned the fights by the San river which lasted over three weeks, until the Russians had crossed the river. At that time, the situation of Antoni Mysakowski, which was subject to military jurisdiction, was dramatic. After the proceedings conducted in April 1915 in the Dęblin Fortress, he was brought to the prison in Lublin, from where he was to be exiled. Some of the letters addressed to him, as well as the notes of his daughter Janina, were written in that period. After his departure, Antoni lost contact with his closest family remaining in the Lublin Land – his ailing parents, his wife, exhausted with pregnancy and labour, and all his children, of which one died when he was in prison. In May and June 1915, there were fierce fights in the region of Nisko between the Austro-Hungarian and Russian forces. Janina recollects them in some parts of her diary written in Huta Krzeszowska. The Austrian-German forces which, at the beginning of May 1915 began their offensive in Galicia and managed to break off the Russian front near Gorlice, forced the Tsar’s forces to withdraw from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. In the territories which the Russian army was leaving, the evacuation of civilians began. During the evacuation, which comprised the inhabitants of eastern provinces, not only the state property, Russian offices and officials with their family were taken away. There were cases of mass expelling of people from villages and towns and destroying everything that could not be taken to Russia. The expelled civilians were exiled to Russia. Janina writes about it in her diary. The following pages of the diary describe the war-time experiences of the family, written from the end of June 1915 during the stay at the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz. For the second time, Janina had to spend dramatic days under the rain of gun and cannon bullets. She writes about the fights of enemy armies, in this case, from the position of Austro-Hungarian and German armies fighting with Russian forces. The offensive of the allied forces under the command of General Mackensen ended at the end of July and resulted in defeating the Third Russian Army in the territories to the south of Lublin. Another stop during the wartime journey of Janina Mysakowska and her family was a village Zawadki near Susiec, where, among others, her grandfather, Jan Nowakowski, stayed. The author of the diary gives a brief account of the news from the front. Some of the information was brought by Austrian soldiers, who were still deployed in Zawadki as late as in September 1915. At the end of August, those exiled to Russia began to return, among others, to Huta Krzeszowska and other places near Biłgoraj. They were those who stayed behind the Bug River, in Volhynia, that is, the closest to the area they lived in. More people began to return as late as in mid-September, mainly those from the Lublin Land and those who were relatively close to the home country. Those who were taken far into Russia either died of hunger and epidemics or returned later, since they had to travel longer distances. In October 1915, after wandering during the war for several months, Janina with her family returned to Huta Krzeszowska. In 1918, the mother, Stanisława, died after a long illness and, two years later, a chronic disease resulted in the death of the author of the diary. Antoni Mysakowski, expelled to Siberia, settled in a small village Prospichina near Achinsk. As his situation was dramatic, he was helped by one of the organizations active in Russia – the Central Citizens’ Committee. His return to the homeland became possible as late as in September 1923. After that, he lived for 25 years, since he died in 1948 in Biłgoraj. He was buried in a local parish cemetery, near the place where, years before, his wife and daughter, the author of the diary, had been buried. The family of Antoni Mysakowski was one of hundreds Polish families which experienced trauma during the Great War. Presenting their history in the light of the war-time events was possible mainly thanks to preserved family documents and the recollections of Jadwiga, one of Antoni’s younger daughters, who died a short time ago.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 43-75
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomnik na wzgórzu Kaim. O potrzebie ochrony miejsc wypieranych z pamięci
Monument on Kaim Hill. The need to protect places erased from memory
Autorzy:
Marcinek, Roman
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/218501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Konserwatorów Zabytków
Tematy:
pomniki
pola bitew
ochrona pamięci
I wojna światowa, wandalizm
monuments
battlefields
protecting the memory
World War I
vandalism
Opis:
W setną rocznicę odzyskania przez Polskę niepodległości warto przypomnieć, że historia mogła też potoczyć się innym torem. Zimą 1914 na północ i wschód od Krakowa doszło do zaciętych walk armii carskiej i austro-węgierskiej. Kluczowe znaczenie miało starcie na wzgórzu Kaim (dziś w granicach miasta). Rosjan zatrzymano, a kontruderzenie odepchnęło ich w kolejnych tygodniach na wschód. Gdyby jednak Twierdza Kraków wtedy padła, do odrodzenia wolnej Polski mogłoby nie dojść. W 1915 na polu bitwy, w której zginęły trzy tysiące żołnierzy, postawiono pomnik. Prezydent Krakowa Juliusz Leo obiecał wówczas „zapisanie obrońców Krakowa przed nawałą nieprzyjacielską w historii naszego miasta złotymi głoskami”. Pamięć okazała się nietrwała i po roku 1918 została zmarginalizowana. Przez dziesiątki lat pomnik i pole bitwy były dewastowane. Miejsce, które powinno być symbolem odwagi, stało się przykładem braku troski o historyczną przestrzeń, identyfikację jej elementów, lekceważenia tożsamości miejsca. Zagrożeniami dla pomnika i jego otoczenia były: brak opieki konserwatorskiej, spontaniczny rozrost zieleni, zatarcie powiązań widokowych, wkraczająca na wzgórze chaotyczna zabudowa mieszkaniowa. Remont przeprowadzony w 2001 okazał się prowizorką. Władze miasta zainteresowały się obeliskiem na wzgórzu Kaim dopiero pod naciskiem opinii publicznej, kiedy obiekt został bezpośrednio zagrożony wielką inwestycją mieszkaniową. W kwietniu 2018 pomnik na wzgórzu Kaim wpisano do rejestru zabytków. Artykuł wskazuje potrzebę identyfikacji miejsc historycznych, które nie istnieją w powszechnej świadomości. Podkreśla znaczenie tożsamości. Upomina się o ochronę obiektów, które rozmaite „polityki historyczne” skazały na marginalizację, a z czasem na zapomnienie. Wzgórze Kaim to przykład na to, że brak troski konserwatorskiej i administracyjny klincz doprowadziły niemal do unicestwienia historycznej przestrzeni i materialnego śladu bitwy.
On the one hundredth anniversary of Poland regaining independence, it is worth remembering that history might also have run a different course. In the winter of 1914 fierce fights between the tsarist and the Austro- Hungarian armies took place to the north and east of Krakow. The battle on Kaim Hill (nowadays within the city limits) was of key importance. The Russians were stopped, and the counterattack pushed them off further east in the following weeks. However, had the Krakow Fortress fallen then, Poland might never have regained its freedom. In 1915, a monument was erected on the battlefield where three thousand soldiers died. President of Krakow, Juliusz Leo, promised then that “the defenders of Krakow against the enemy onslaught will be recorded with golden letters in the history of our city”. The memory turned out to be fleeting and after 1918 the event was marginalised. For decades the monument and the battlefield were vandalised. The site which should be a symbol of bravery became an example of neglect and insufficient care of historic space, identification of its elements and ignoring the identity of the place. The monument and its surroundings were threatened by: lack of conservation protection, uncontrolled growth of greenery, obliteration of viewing relations, and chaotic building development encroaching on the hill. In 2001 a makeshift renovation was carried out. The city authorities showed some interest in the obelisk on Kaim Hill only under the pressure of public opinion, whet the object was directly threatened by a huge building development investment. In April 2018, the monument on Kaim Hill was inscribed in the monument register. The article shows the need to identify historic sites which do not exist in popular awareness. It emphasises the significance of identity, and demands protection for objects which various “historical policies” doomed to marginalisation and gradual oblivion. Kaim Hill is proof that lack of conservation care and an administrative stalemate almost led to annihilating a historic site and material traces of the battle.
Źródło:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie; 2019, 59; 115-123
0860-2395
2544-8870
Pojawia się w:
Wiadomości Konserwatorskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wielka Wojna na Lubelszczyźnie. Zniszczenia historycznych miast i losy zabytków
The Great War in the Lublin Land. Destruction of historical cities and the losses suffered by historical monuments
Autorzy:
Gałecka, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
Krasnystaw
Ostrów Lubelski
Końskowola
Wielka Wojna
I wojna światowa
straty i zniszczenia wojenne
the Great War
World War I
war losses and destructions
Opis:
During the Great War, 342 000 square kilometres, that is, nearly 90 percent of the territory of Poland (within the borders before 1939) were the areas of direct military activities. Out of the 16 provinces, damages and losses directly caused by the war were recorded in 13 of them. The total number of buildings destroyed or significantly damaged during the war (following the data referring to the area of the former Kingdom of Poland only) was over 1 884 000. The direct causes included artillery and gun fire, dismantling for the purposes of trenches and other military purposes, fuel, as well as accidental or intentional fires. In 1915, the withdrawal of the Russian army involved deliberate destruction and burning of buildings. As specified in the statistical data, the largest losses as regards buildings in the territory of the present-day Lublin Province (taking into account the losses in the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland) were recorded in the district of Chełm – 41.9% (the largest of all districts). In other districts, the percentage of destroyed buildings was as follows: in the district of Hrubieszów 29.5%, Tomaszów 21.2%, Lubartów 21.1%, Lublin 17.6%, Krasnystaw 17.4%, Puławy 16%, Biłgoraj 14.7%, Zamość 12.8%, Janów 8.8% and Łuków 8.2%. Within those districts, many towns with historical buildings and historical churches, Orthodox churches, synagogues and public utility buildings were destroyed. One of the most valuable towns destroyed during the War was Kazimierz nad Wisłą, in which a number of historical, 17th-century tenements were burned. The article describes the destructions in three towns of the Lublin Land: Krasnystaw, Końskowola and Ostrów Lubelski. Krasnystaw during World War I was conquered three times. It was a strategic town, among others, for the reason of the nearby Russian railway Lublin – Chełm – Kowel. Within the historical town (that is, excluding the suburbs), 180 buildings were destroyed, including 68 residential ones. The Baroque, former Jesuit church of Francis Xavier, built in the years 1695- 1717 following the design of the architect Jan Delamars, was damaged. The brick synagogue and the seat of town authorities were burned. In 1915, the Russian army withdrawing from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland fought fierce battles on the section Końskowola – Kurów – Markuszów – Garbów – Jastków. They resulted in, among others, the destruction of Końskowola, in which 326 buildings out of the 333 recorded ones were burned. Roman Catholic churches have survived, but other parish buildings and the historical bell tower from 1778 were destroyed. The synagogue built before 1882 was burned and, for that reason, it was closed until 1921. The wooden residential and utility buildings in Ostrów Lubelski were destroyed nearly in 2/3 in August 1915, as the fire caused by artillery fire of German forces, attacking the withdrawing Russian army, destroyed 512 residential buildings (out of 822 recorded in 1914). The brick, Baroque Roman Catholic church, built following a design of the architect Paweł Fontana and a brick Orthodox church built in the years 1888-1890 following a design of the architect Wiktor Syczugow, were damaged by bullets. The history of wartime destructions and the losses borne during World War I concerning single historical monuments, groups of monuments and in the areas of historical urban complexes has not been examined and described exhaustingly, and many archival sources have not been studied yet.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 23-41
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Konie i inne zwierzęta na ziemiach polskich w latach Wielkiej Wojny
Autorzy:
Sierakowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/603209.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
Tematy:
I wojna światowa
pamiętnikarstwo polskie XX w.
animal studies
World War I
Polish diary writing of the twentieth century
Opis:
W artykule podjęto próbę oceny zawartości materiałów pamiętnikarskich polskich autorów, dotyczących I wojny światowej, pod kątem obecności w nich relacji o zwierzętach. Analizie poddano konteksty, w jakich pojawiają się w zapiskach czworonogi oraz relacje ludzi i zwierząt w szczególnym okresie wojny.
The aim of the article is to analyze the content of diaries and memoirs by Polish authors dealing with World War I with regard to references to animals. The analysis concerns the contexts in which animals are mentioned and the mutual relationship between people and animals in extraordinary circumstances, in this case in times of war.
Źródło:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych; 2019, 80
0080-3634
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A War Poet in Absentia: the Year 1918 in Jaroslav Hašek’s Literary Output
Autorzy:
Jean, Boutan,
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/897619.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-09-24
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Jaroslav Hašek
Švejk
World War I
Russian Revolution
Russian civil war
Czechoslovak Legion
Armistice
fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Soviet Union
1918
end of the war
Opis:
This article purports to give an outline of the major evolutions in Hašek’s literary output around the year 1918, a year that saw not only the end of the world war, but also, for the writer himself, the start of the Russian civil war. The Russian Revolution meant for Hašek, as he wrote in 1918, the transition from a “war between States” – or “war between Empires” – to a “war of the proletariat against capitalism”. The lack of safe information about Hašek’s biography during this short, yet crucial, period of his life does not still prevent us from retracing the repercussions of the great events of 1918 on the east front – the fall of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, the founding myth of the Czechoslovakian Legion and the beginnings of the Soviet Union – in the literary works of an author who has been taxed for being a renegade to each of the three aforementioned causes. The particular issue of Švejk’s maturation during the war may help us to put the year 1918 into a perspective with the end (though, only to some extent) of the conflicts and the beginning (however protracted) of the post-war period. Whereas the novel was about the Good Soldier’s bursting into the conflict, this article observes Hašek himself, walking out of the world war.
Źródło:
Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2019, 63(1 (464)); 81-96
0033-2194
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Humanistyczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Trochę za późno i za mało ale coś jest”. Polacy w Galicji wobec Aktu 5 listopada 1916 r.
“A bit too late and too little, but at least it’s something”. Poles in Galicia’s attitudes towards the Act of 5th November 1916
Autorzy:
Szymczak, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
pierwsza wojna światowa
Austro-Węgry
kwestia polska
Galicja
World War I
Austria-Hungary
the Polish cause
Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Opis:
The outbreak of WWI offered hope to Poles from Eastern Europe’s Galicia that the so-called Austria-Poland solution would ensue. In the face of military and political weakness of Austria-Hungary, the idea failed to take root. The proclamation of the Act of 5th November 1916 indicated that the Polish state would be reconstructed under the auspices of the Second Reich. This arouse resentment among Poles living in Galicia who had hoped to be united with their compatriots in the Kingdom of Poland. During the outbreak of WWI, a majority of Poles in Galicia were in favour of the Austria-Poland solution. They hoped that once the Kingdom of Poland was taken away from Russia, Franz Joseph I would become the king of Poland. As a result, a new and powerful state would emerge: Austria-Hungary-Poland. In order to pursue this idea, Poles established the Supreme National Committee and the Polish Legions, a military force. Austria’s military defeats and general weakness of the monarchy put an end to these plans as the politicians in Vienna failed to be equally willing to pursue the solution. The initiative regarding the Polish cause was taken over by Germans and the Act of 5th November was proclaimed. This indicated that the reconstruction of the Polish state would be modelled by the Reich rather than the Habsburg monarchy. On the one hand, the proclamation of the Act of 5th November was welcomed in Galicia: it was the first document taking the Polish cause to the international arena. On the other hand, the end of the Austria-Poland idea led to resentment. Poles in Galicia were afraid that they would be left outside the new Polish state.
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2017, 2 (13); 85-101
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zarys problematyki budownictwa i strat wojennych w kościołach parafialnych diecezji lubelskiej po I wojnie światowej
An outline of construction issues and war losses in parish churches of the Diocese of Lublin after the First World War
Autorzy:
Kumor-Mielnik, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12-18
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
diecezja lubelska
zniszczenia wojenne
I wojna światowa
kościół
dzwony
budownictwo sakralne
the Diocese of Lublin
war damage
World War I
church
bells
religious buildings
Opis:
The content of this article is an introduction to a wider spectrum of the issues related to losses of life and material things the Diocese of Lublin suffered after the First World War. The article focuses on two major issues related firstly to the reconstruction of destroyed parish churches in the Diocese of Lublin in the postwar period and using for this purpose state subsidies and funds from the contributions of the parishioners; and secondly, related to the dynamics and intensity of the construction of new parish churches at that time. The rebuilding of churches and buildings connected with them was a priority in the fi eld of renovation and construction projects after World War I. The matter of less importance was to initiate the construction of new churches, erected mainly at the expense of parishioners, rarely with the use of state subsidies. In the 1930s the movement of building parish churches intensified. It was, however, a short-lived process, interrupted by the outbreak of another war. The dynamic growth in the number of new churches, observed in a relatively short period of time was caused, among other things, by the use of cheaper and more readily available wood, which resulted in the increase in wooden churches in the interwar period. The concise characterization of building regulations in the context of the construction of parish churches in the postwar period, the same as in the case of other issues, requires further research and in-depth analysis.
Źródło:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne; 2014, 102; 101-122
0518-3766
2545-3491
Pojawia się w:
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sejny a niepodległość
Sejny and Independence
Autorzy:
Wysocki, Wisław Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
history of the 19th and 20th century
World War I
Russian partition
Sejny Uprising
regaining independence by Poland
Opis:
The land in the north-eastern corner of Poland (the region of Suwałki, Sejny, Augustów) was in the Russian partition for 100 years. Everything that was connected with Poland was fought by repressions. This area was full of nationality, cultural and religious variety. After the World War II a chance for regaining independence by Poland and Lithuania has appeared. Lithuanian people did not want to agree to the border line according to the so called Foch line. Germans who had to withdraw, favored the formation of the structure of Lithuanian authorities. It leaded to the Sejny Uprising, as the result of which Suwalszczyzna became a part of Poland. It brought dipper division between Polish and Lithuanian people, who in the past created Commonwealth.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2019, 21, 1; 101-115
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nienazwana okupacja. Zarząd terenami odebranymi nieprzyjacielowi przez austro-węgierskie związki operacyjne w świetle regulaminów cesarsko-królewskiej armii
Unnamed Occupation. The Management of Captured Territories by Austro-Hungarian Operational Units in Light of the Regulations of the Imperial-Royal Army
Unbenannte Besetzung. Verwaltung der vom Feind eroberten Gebiete durch die österreichisch-ungarischen Großverbänden im Lichte der Vorschriften der k.u.k. Armee
Autorzy:
Błachnio, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162161.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-22
Wydawca:
Wojskowe Biuro Historyczne
Tematy:
I wojna światowa
Austro-Węgry
okupacja
regulaminy
konwencja haska
World War I
Austria-Hungary
occupation
regulations
The Hague Convention
Erster Weltkrieg
Österreich-Ungarn
Besetzung
Regelungen
Haager Konvention
Opis:
Niniejszy tekst poświęcono zagadnieniu administrowania terenami odebranymi nieprzyjacielowi przez związki operacyjne cesarsko-królewskiej armii w świetle dokumentów normatywnych regulujących sposoby funkcjonowania habsburskiego wojska. Wprawdzie w regulaminach nie pojawiał się termin Besetzung – „okupacja”, ale przyjęte rozwiązania w pełni wyczerpywały jej znamiona. W artykule zilustrowane zostały struktury wyższych dowództw austro-węgierskich sił zbrojnych odpowiedzialnych za administrowanie terenami zdobytymi na nieprzyjacielu oraz sposoby organizacji tych terytoriów. Za podstawę źródłową tekstu posłużyły materiały normatywne: Konwencja dotycząca praw i zwyczajów wojny lądowej (IV konwencja haska z 1907 r.) oraz obowiązujące w habsburskich siłach zbrojnych u progu wybuchu Wielkiej Wojny regulaminy. Pewne uzupełnienie stanowią materiały archiwalne wytworzone przez cesarsko-królewskie związki operacyjne działające na froncie wschodnim w pierwszym roku I wojny światowej.
This article concerns the administration of captured territories by operational units of the Imperial-Royal Army in light of normative documents regarding the functioning of the Habsburg army. Although the term Besetzung – „occupy” does not appear in the regulations, the adopted solutions fully embraced its features. This text illustrates the structure of the higher commands of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces that were responsible for the administration and organization of the captured territories. The source material relied on normative documents: the Convention Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land (4th Hague Convention of 1907) and the regulations in force in the Habsburg armed forces at the outbreak of the Great War. Archival materials produced by imperial-royal operational units that were active on the Eastern Front in 1914 supplement the evidence.
Der vorliegende Text widmet sich der Frage nach der Verwaltung der vom Feind eroberten Gebiete durch die Großverbände der kaiserlich-königlichen Armee im Lichte der normativen Dokumente, die die Funktionsweise der habsburgischen Armee regelten. Obwohl der Begriff „Besetzung” in den Verordnungen nicht vorkommt, schöpfen die gewählten Lösungen seine Möglichkeiten voll aus. Der Aufsatz veranschaulicht die Strukturen der Oberkommandos der österreichischungarischen Streitkräfte, die für die Verwaltung der vom Feind eroberten Gebiete zuständig waren, sowie die Art und Weise der Organisation dieser Gebiete. Der Text stützt sich auf normative Materialien: das Übereinkommen über die Gesetze und Gebräuche des Landkrieges (Vierte Haager Konvention von 1907) und die bei Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges in den habsburgischen Streitkräft en geltenden Vorschrift en. Ergänzt wird das Material durch Archivalien, die von den im ersten Jahr des Ersten Weltkriegs an der Ostfront tätigen kaiserlichen und königlichen Großverbänden erstellt wurden.
Źródło:
Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy; 2022, XXIII (LXXIV), 4(282); 122-138
1640-6281
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Okoliczności powołania Rady Głównej Opiekuńczej
The origin of Central Welfare Council (Rada Główna Opiekuńcza)
Autorzy:
Faszcza, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951385.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
World War I
the General Governorate of Warsaw [Generalne Gubernatorstwo Warszawskie]
Central Welfare Council [Rada Główna Opiekuńcza]
German occupation
social service
Opis:
The military conflict which broke out in August 1914, later named the Great War, extended into the entire territory of the Kingdom of Poland. Armed hostilities conducted by allied German and Austro-Hungarian armies against Russian forces ruined a lot of households depriving their owners of livelihood. A tragic situation of the Kingdom of Poland’s residents posed a risk of humanitarian disaster. The first organization providing help and support to civil victims of the war in the Polish territory was the Civic Committee. However, its works were interrupted in September 1915, soon after Warsaw was seized by German forces. Those who had been earlier involved in charity work knew that new authorities would probably allow to continue charity activity because a lack of interest in this issue could eventually harm the implementation of occupational policy. These expectations proved accurate. German administration gave consent for the establishment of a new social organization, i.e. Central Welfare Council [Rada Główna Opiekuńcza] (RGO). Polish environments carried out negotiations thereon with occupational authorities from October 1915 to spring 1916. Their purpose was to establish powers that the newly created institution should be vested in. The aspirations of individuals who were to work in RGO in the future sometimes exceeded the expectations of the Germans by and large. Occupational authorities did not agree, among others, for the pursuit of activity in the field of education, medical care or collection of data concerning substantive losses in the effect of warfare. Nevertheless, the attitude of German authorities was gradually becoming less consistent as they needed to win favour of the Polish society. In practice, RGO was involved not only in strictly charitable initiatives (financial support of social care centres, food distribution, organization of fund- raising, etc.) but also in educational activity, loss estimation and organization of medical facilities.
Źródło:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne; 2017, 15
1425-1930
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W stulecie hekatomby. Cmentarze wojenne z lat 1914-1918 w dawnej Galicji Zachodniej jako unikatowy zespół sepulkralny. Dzieje, twórcy, symbolika, stan zachowania, problemy ochrony
On the hecatomb’s hundredth anniversary. War cemeteries from the years 1914-1918 in former Western Galicia as a unique funerary complex. History, creators, symbolism, state of preservation, protection issues
Autorzy:
Partridge, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539702.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
Tematy:
I wojna światowa
operacja gorlicka
groby żołnierskie
cmentarze wojenne
symbolika
architektura
dewastacja
ochrona
World War I
the Gorlice operation
soldiers’ graves
war cemeteries
symbolism
architecture
devastation
protection
Opis:
The military operations during World War I in the territory of the former Western Galicia, that is, today’s Małopolska (Lesser Poland), were conducted with interruptions from November 1914 until the beginning of May 1915. It is estimated that over 60 thousand solders died in the fights lasting, with interruptions, six months and other 30 thousand died of wounds before the end of the war. On 3 November 1915, the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of War with a seat in Vienna established nine Troops for War Graves in the territory of the Monarchy, of which three branches were formed in Galicia (Kraków – Western Galicia, Przemyśl – Middle Galicia, Lvov – Western Galicia). Kriegsgräber Abteilung des K.u.K. Militarkommandos Krakau, that is, Troops for War Graves at the Garrison Headquarters in Kraków was led by Captain (later Major) Rudolf Broch, and the conception officers: Captain Ludwig Brixel and Captain Hans Hauptmann cooperated with him. The task of the Troop was not only to tidy up battlefields, but also creating war cemeteries which would serve as an example for other Austro-Hungarian regions where war activities were still pursued, as well as to arrange war burials and commemorate the heroism of fallen soldiers. Within nearly three years, from 1916 to 1918, about 400 military cemeteries were established in the territory of the present-day Małopolska. The places of fights were divided into ten Cemetery Districts: I “Nowy Żmigród” (31 cemeteries), II “Jasło” (31 cemeteries), III “Gorlice” (54 cemeteries), IV “Łużna” (27 cemeteries), V “Pilzno” (26 cemeteries), VI “Tarnów” (62 cemeteries), VII “Dąbrowa Tarnowska” (13 cemeteries), VIII “Brzesko” (52 cemeteries), IX “Bochnia” (46 cemeteries), X “Limanowa” (36 cemeteries) and the Eleventh Cemetery District “Kraków Fortress” (22 cemeteries) which, as it was situated in the place under the command of the Fortess and, at the same time, was subject to the Troop for War Graves, was under a kind of a double superiority. Each of the districts was administered by an officer with technical or artistic education and an artistic administrator. Their duties included examining the area, supervising a selection of the place, a technical design, an artistic concept, ensuring the supply of building materials. In total, there were over people serving at the Troop, including drafters, photographers, various craftsmen, gardeners, as well as carefully selected designers, architects, sculptors. The people employed there were individualists favouring various artistic trends, originating from several important academic centres – Vienna, Munich, Kraków. The most famous of them included: a Slovakian architect Dušan Jurkovič, an Austrian sculptor Heinrich Scholz, Austrian architects: Hans Mayr, Gustav Ludwig, Emil Ladevig, Gustav Rossmann, Polish, Czech and Austrian artists: Wojciech Kossak, Alfons Karpiński, Henryk Uziembło, Adolf Kašpar, Franz Poledne, Leo Perlberger. That international team, designing and building the cemeteries, with a full respect, as well as the respect for the enemies, Russians, ensured a dignified burial of tens of thousands soldiers. The cemeteries created were rich in symbols, of which none is identical with others in spite of using the same architectonic elements. The idea of unification of graves was given up; instead, sophisticated cemetery solutions were employed. On the monuments, plaques with special inscriptions were fixed. Trees and plants with a symbolic meaning were planted around the graves. As a result, a unique cemetery complex was created in our land, which refers to many funerary traditions, with traces of Egyptian, Greek and Roman architecture. Apart from popularizing activities, publishing special series of postcards, stamps and cemetery medals, a special album was published in which all memorials were catalogued and described. It also functioned as a guide which would help the families of the deceased during their visits to the graves of their relatives in Galicia. In addition, special concrete signposts leading to each cemetery were provided. After the end of war activities, the war cemeteries in Galicia went under the administration of the Polish state. In the interwar period, some of the graves were liquidated, thus reducing the number of cemeteries of the complex in Galicia to about 380. Many graves were destroyed and forgotten in the period of People’s Polish Republic. However, since 1989, war cemeteries in Małopolska have been gradually saved and conserved thanks to state funds and the cooperation of local governments with the representatives of Austrian Black Cross, as well as other initiatives. The memory of them is also restored. In the Western and Middle Europe, there are many places of memory and cemeteries from World War I. They mark the lines of former trenches and are a manifestation of cruelty of the global conflict. They differ from the war cemeteries in Małopolska, since they were built after the war, concentrating fallen soldiers, unifying, creating national cemeteries where soldiers from enemy armies are sought in vain. In that context, the war cemeteries situated in present-day Małopolska are unique on the European scale, a testimony of humanism and respect towards the death of both own and enemy soldiers.
Źródło:
Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 95-129
0029-8247
Pojawia się w:
Ochrona Zabytków
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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