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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    The Deputies of Vitebsk District to the Sejm of Lublin in 1569: The Social Biography of Piotr Kisiel and Tymofiej Hurko
    Autorzy:
    Padalinski, Uladzimir A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178396.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Union of Lublin
    biography
    nobles
    social activity
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Vitebsk district
    Sejm
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to examine the most important forms of social activity of the petty and middle nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of the 16th century on the example of the unique life stories of two Vitebsk noblemen. The article discusses biographies of Piotr Kisiel and Tymofiej Hurka, who represented the Vitebsk district at the Sejm in 1569 and directly participated in the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. For a long time, the historiography discussed only the most influential participants of the sessions of this Sejm. However, ‘ordinary’ representatives of the wide group of nobles from the districts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also played their part in negotiations regarding the conclusion of the union. The aims, ideas, worldview, and values along with the personal experiences of those people directly affected their social and political position, and thus, to some extent, shaped the entire state. The author shows the influence of military and political events of the 1560s on the political activities of Piotr Kisiel and Tymofiej Hurka. The experience gained from the Livonian War influenced their attitude towards the union between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Crown in 1569. The investigations presented by the author show that significant transformations of the 1560s (reforms of the political system of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the creation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) gave the Kisiel and Hurka families the opportunity to actively participate in public life and allowed them to occupy a permanent place among the political elites of the Vitebsk district. The research results are based on various types of documentary sources, both published ones and manuscripts. The methodological basis of the analysis is the biographical method. The article emphasizes that detailed investigations of the biographies of ‘ordinary’ nobles opened new research perspectives in regard to the history of the noblemen of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the entire Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 73-96
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ivan Ivanovich Lappo’s Views on the Circumstances of Establishing the Union of Lublin in the Context of Pre-Revolutionary Russian Historiography
    Autorzy:
    Ambroziak, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178395.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Union of Lublin
    Ivan Ivanovich Lappo
    Russian historiography
    history of historiography
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to analyze the views of Ivan Ivanovich Lappo regarding the circumstances of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin. The opinions of this historian were presented in the context of the views of Russian pre-revolutionary historiography, especially of such authors as Nikolay Gerasimovich Ustryalov, Mikhail Osipovich Koyalovich, Nikolay Alexeyevich Maksimieyko, Matvey Kuzmich Lyubavskiy and Fedor Ivanovich Leontovich. The article belongs to the vast area of studies on the history of historiography, the undertaking of which allows the assessment of the current scholarly achievements and research methodology, and thus making new research postulates. It should be noted that, despite some evolution, the fundamental assessment of the Union of Lublin in Russian pre-revolutionary historiography remained negative. However, the circumstances and reasons for its conclusion were perceived differently. Although the description of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin was not the main research goal for I. Lappo, he carried out a fairly detailed reconstruction of the Sejm of Lublin and the circumstances of the conclusion of the Polish-Lithuanian union in 1569. It seems that the aim of such a procedure was not only to explain the attitude of Lithuanians towards Poles and the legal relationship between the Grand Duchy and the Crown, but first of all to support of the historian’s fundamental thesis that, as a result of the Union of Lublin, the Grand Duchy did not lose its independence and distinctiveness. This historian not only reported the course of the Sejm of Lublin and the decision of the Act of the Union of July 1, but also confronted the views of Poles and Lithuanians concerning the conditions of the Union and the way it was concluded. According to him, the historical reality and the political system of the Grand Duchy until 1569 corresponded to the project of a union presented by Lithuanians. In his opinion, the aim of Poles was not to bring about real unification based on the principles of equality and fraternity, but to force Lithuanians to enter into a union through the implementation of old rights and privileges. In some parts of his research, however, the scholar differentiated between the radical attitude of the Chamber of Deputies of the Crown and the more conciliatory position of the Senate. The description of King Sigismund Augustus’s activities presented by I. Lappo turned out to be quite paradoxical and partly incoherent. On the one hand, the historian claimed that the monarch was under the influence of Poles and betrayed the Grand Duchy. On the other hand, he quoted a number of cases in which the king’s attitude contradicted this general opinion. Lappo’s general attitude towards the Union of Lublin remained negative. The historian clearly sympathized with Lithuanians, seeing Poles as merely caring for their own interests to the detriment of the Grand Duchy. The analysis of Lappo’s views made in this article shows that there are elements in his concepts that testify to the connection with the traditional narrative of Russian historiography, as well as new and original ideas.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 97-122
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Between the Union of Lublin and the Mutual Pledge of the Two Nations: From the Union of Two States to the Commonwealth of Three Provinces
    Autorzy:
    Zakrzewski, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178393.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
    Tematy:
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Polish Crown
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Union of Lublin
    political system
    law
    changes of the political system
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to present changes in the position of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania towards the Polish Crown within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1569–1791. The analysis was based on the transformation of both common (monarch, Sejm) and separate (central and local offices, judicial system and law) institutions in the context of economic, social and cultural changes of the era. Gradually, the Commonwealth was transforming into a state in which Lithuania was not so much one of its two parts – along with the Crown, but one of its three provinces – along with Lesser Poland and Greater Poland. It was, however, a special province since it had its own ministers, offices, courts, treasury and fiscal courts along with its own codification of political and private law. The rule introduced in 1673 that every third Sejm was to be held in Grodno, however, was rarely observed. The reasons for this change were: the smaller population of the Grand Duchy, its lower fiscal income along with the war damage and territorial losses suffered in the mid-17th century. This transformation was also facilitated by the fact that the Lithuanian political system and laws became increasingly similar to the Polish ones. Another factor was the slow creation of a sense of political community among nobles of both the Crown and Lithuania. This feeling was born not only out of the same rights and privileges, but also owing to the immigration of the Crown noblemen to the lands of the Grand Duchy and joining – by marriage – Lithuanian noble families, which was especially the case among magnate families. During this period, the common culture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth based on the Polish language – lingua franca of the whole state – was also created. Other languages also functioned in the Polish- -Lithuanian state, but Polish, enriched by Lithuanian, Ruthenian, Latin, German and Oriental elements, began to dominate. The Government Act of 3 May 1791 did not mention the Grand Duchy at all, but created a common government for the whole of Commonwealth – the Guard of Laws and Great Commissions. Mutual Pledge of the Two Nations, unanimously adopted on 20 October 1791, constituted an attempt to return to the dualism from the era of the Union of Lublin. This act granted Lithuanians half of the commissioners in the military and fiscal commissions and – in the future – in the police commission. Lithuania also retained separate ministers, offices, a separate treasury and tax judiciary. Thus, the gradual unification of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was still visible, while maintaining some separate aspects, which were important for Lithuanians, albeit secondary in the scale of the entire state. Nevertheless, this process was interrupted by the upcoming partitions.
    Źródło:
    Zapiski Historyczne; 2019, 84, 4; 5-40
    0044-1791
    2449-8637
    Pojawia się w:
    Zapiski Historyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Unia Lubelska a problem rywalizacji o przywództwo w elicie politycznej Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego
    The Union of Lublin and the problem of competition for leadership within the political elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Autorzy:
    Kempa, Tomasz
    Rachuba, Andrzej
    Choińska-Mika, Jolanta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/16648085.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-23
    Wydawca:
    Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
    Tematy:
    Union of Lublin
    magnates
    elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Sigismund II Augustus
    Unia lubelska
    magnateria
    elita Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego
    Zygmunt II August
    Opis:
    The paper presents the problem of power struggle among the leading Lithuanian magnates in the context of the preparation and conclusion of the Union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the Crown of Poland in 1569. Three centres contended to play a major role in Lithuanian policy before the Union of Lublin: The Radziwiłłs, with their undisputed leader – Chancellor, and Voivode of Vilnius, Mikołaj known as “the Red”; the Chodkiewicz family, among whom the starost of Samogitia, Jan Chodkiewicz, grew to be the most active figure even before the Sejm in Lublin; and a representative of Orthodox Church adherents, Knyaz [prince] Jerzy Olelkowicz Słucki, who did not hold any prestigious offices. The aspirations of Prince Słucki stemmed from the fact that he was the closest relative of Sigismund II Augustus, the last representative of Jagiellonian dynasty on the Polish-Lithuanian throne. While Radziwiłł “the Red” was against the new, stricter union with Poland, the other two magnates opposed him, supporting the idea of a new union. Since the King supported the project of further political rapprochement between Poland and Lithuania since the Sejm of 1562/63, the support for the union brought Chodkiewicz a number of promotions and royal endowments in the 1560s (all the more so as the monarch wanted to pit the Chodkiewicz family against the Radziwiłłs, who were all-powerful in Lithuania at that time). Jan Chodkiewicz was also able to take advantage of the obstruction that “Red” used during the Lublin Sejm (when he forced the Lithuanians to secretly leave Lublin), and it was ultimately he who played a major role in completing negotiations on the union and signing the new union in 1569. Although “Red” did not return to Lublin to finalise the union deliberations, he quickly regained the King’s trust. He was supported by the younger generation of the Radziwiłłs, including his son Krzysztof and his nephew Mikołaj Krzysztof, who had sworn an oath of union in Lublin. Prince Słucki’s plan, on the other hand, failed completely. Słucki, as a result of his absence from the Sejm in Lublin due to illness, lost his chance to gain an exceptional position in the new Senate (as the king’s closest relative). The Union of Lublin did not change the balance of power in Lithuania. Mikołaj “the Red” Radziwiłł and Jan Chodkiewicz remained the most influential Lithuanian magnates in the following years.
    Źródło:
    Unia Lubelska 1569 roku i unie w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej; 140-161
    9788395630255
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Niech to każdy obaczy jeśli Litwa małą krzywdę, żal, despekt i wzgardą ma od Polaków”: epizod sporu między Litwą a Koroną Polską o Inflanty
    “Let Everyone see that Lithuania has Harm, Regret, Offence, and Contempt from the Poles”: an Episode of a Dispute between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Kingdom over Livonia
    Autorzy:
    Padalinski, Uładzimir
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131656.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-09-19
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    świadomość polityczna
    szlachta
    Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
    Inflanty
    wojna inflancka
    unia lubelska
    Rzeczpospolita
    political consciousness
    nobility
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Livonia
    Livonian War
    Union of Lublin
    Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
    Opis:
    W artykule dokonano analizy utworu rękopiśmiennego Czo za prawa X. Litewskie ma do ziemie Inflianczki a poliaczi do niei nicz niemaią (najprawdopodobniej z 1582 r.). Na jego przykładzie zaprezentowano argumenty prawne i ideologiczne wykorzystywane przez szlachtę Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego podczas sporów ze szlachtą Korony Polskiej o przynależność Inflant. Ukazano także znaczny poziom nieufności litewskiej elity politycznej wobec partnerów koronnych w końcu XVI w., spowodowany doświadczeniami związanymi z zawarciem unii lubelskiej oraz skutkami wojny inflanckiej.
    The article analyses the text preserved in a manuscript under the title Czo za prawa X. Litewskie ma do ziemie Inflianczki a poliaczi do niei nicz niemaią (What rights has the Duchy of Lithuania to Livonian lands while the Poles have none, most probably written in 1582). It contains legal and ideological arguments put forward by the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the disputes with the nobility of the Polish Kingdom over the possession of Livonia. The author concludes that the Lithuanian political elite retained a deep distrust of their Polish partners at the end of the sixteenth century resulting from the previous experiences gained at the time of the conclusion of the Union of Lublin and the Livonian War.
    Źródło:
    Rocznik Lituanistyczny; 2020, 6; 121-133
    2450-8454
    2450-8446
    Pojawia się w:
    Rocznik Lituanistyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Mowa ojców potrzebna od zaraz” „Iż Rusi słuszna rzecz dla nabożeństwa po grecku i po słowieńsku uczyć się” (Lithos, Kijów 1644)
    Autorzy:
    Chynczewska-Hennel, Teresa
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2167728.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Supraska
    Tematy:
    unia lubelska
    Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie
    Melecjusz Smotrycki
    prawosławie
    język ruski
    Piotr Skarga
    Piotr Mohyła
    Akademia Kijowska
    Union of Lublin
    Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    Meletius Smotritsky
    Ortho-
    doxy
    Russian Language
    Peter Skarga
    Peter Mohyla
    Academy of Kiev
    Opis:
    After the Union of Lublin in 1569 the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania formed one state. The Russian remained the official language of the Grand Duchy and it was guaranteed that the inhabitants of the Duchy could remain orthodox. It was feared that the nobles would convert to the Roman Catholicism and at multiple occasions the deputies from Grand Duchy as well as Cossacks had to defend their rights for their own language and faith. In the polemical literature of the end of the XVI and the first half of the XVII century concerning the Union of Brest much concern was expressed for or against the use of the Church Slavonic – particularly by Peter Skarga and Ivan Vishensky. Peter Mohyla in the orthodox Academy of Kiev, founded by himself, particularly insisted on teaching, among other subjects, Latin and Polish as he thought that an educated orthodox Russian should feel a rightful citizen of the Polish state and participate in the religious and political life of the country.
    Źródło:
    Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej; 2012, Język naszej modlitwy- dawniej i dziś, 3; 41-47
    2082-9299
    Pojawia się w:
    Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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