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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    THE EU’S EASTERN PARTNERSHIP IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS: USING GEORGIA AS A MODEL TO UNDERSTAND REFORMS AND SECURITY CHALLENGES
    Autorzy:
    Zasztowt, Konrad
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642937.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
    Tematy:
    Eastern Partnership
    Georgian reforms
    South Caucasus
    EU-Georgia relations
    Opis:
    The main goal of the Eastern Partnership (EaP) is political and economic stabilization of the region threatened both by its post-Soviet systemic predicaments such as weakness of state institutions, the gap between the ruling oligarchy and citizens and corruption, and by Russia’s attempts to maintain or extend its sphere of influence, which involves fomenting separatist tendencies of minorities and promoting anti-EU narratives. Among the six EaP countries, Georgia is most advanced in implementing reforms; however, there is still immense work to be done, despite the EU’s economic and technical support. Another aspect of the EU’s involvement in the region is the security dilemma whether to accept Russia’s influence in the former Soviet republics together with authoritarian models of governing or to make efforts towards democratization of those countries, risking the increase of Russian hostility, an example of which could be seen in 2014 conflict with Ukraine.
    Źródło:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2017, 2
    2299-4335
    Pojawia się w:
    The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    General Overview of the Three-dimensional Architectural Models as Acroteria in Medieval Georgia
    Autorzy:
    Chitishvili, Natalia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027686.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    acroteria
    architectural models
    roofing technique
    Medieval Georgia
    South Caucasus
    Opis:
    Medieval architecture of the South Caucasus developed a unique tradition of making acroteria shaped as three-dimensional models of churches. Since the church-shaped acroteria have never been thoroughly explored in Georgia, this paper focuses on examples surviving in the region. Special attention is paid to analyzing the architectural and sculptural aspects of the acroteria, as well as their function. This paper aims at discussing both the formal and functional aspects of the church-shaped acroteria from Georgia. It is intended to explore what kind of church models were usually created in Georgia, how they were designed, and to what extent they resemble or differ from the real architecture. Typically, the model erected on the top of the gables of a church was made of stone, though glazed ceramic acroterion can be found as well, such as that of the Alaverdi Cathedral in Georgia. As the research has shown, the models do not replicate real architecture; they represent abridged images of actual buildings, repeating only their general layout (cross-domed or, rarely, single-nave structure) and a selected number of elements that were evidently considered essential or were typical elements of the architectural repertoire of the period in which the acroterion were created.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ceranea; 2021, 11; 531-548
    2084-140X
    2449-8378
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ceranea
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    South Caucasus in the Foregin Policy of the Russian Federation. Do Doctrinal Assumptions Translate into Reality?
    Autorzy:
    Kardaś, Jarosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641819.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    South Caucasus
    Russian Federation
    the foreign policy
    Armenia
    Azerbaijan
    Georgia
    Opis:
    Russian policy in South Caucasus is not a fully effective policy, as Russia’s actions towards Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia are dominated by bilateral relations rather than a single, coherent strategy towards the region. The policy towards these countries also bears the hallmarks of an imperial policy, since it boils down to rewards (in the political, economic or military sphere) for cooperation, or punishments for any action against Russian interests. In addition to enhancing bilateral relations, Russia makes efforts (in accordance with documents issued by official bodies) to integrate the CIS area, of course including the Trans-Caucasus, under its leadership. But it comes up short in these efforts, because not all the Caucasus countries are interested in Russian-led economic integration (within the Eurasian Economic Union), or political and military integration (within CIS, CSTO).
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Strategiczny; 2016, 9; 105-115
    2084-6991
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Strategiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Treaty on Open Skies in a regional context: The implications of the US and the Russia’s decisions to withdraw from the treaty for the security of South Caucasus and Georgia
    Autorzy:
    Suwara, Ewa M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343741.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-07-26
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
    Tematy:
    Treaty on Open Skies
    arms control
    USA
    Georgia
    South Caucasus
    Russia
    Opis:
    The Treaty on Open Skies has been an important legal instrument contributing to global arms control in recent years. Signed in 1992, the Treaty on Open Skies allows the monitoring and collection of data on military potential through observation flights over one another’s territories, thus becoming a confidencebuilding and transparency measure among its signatories. The recent decisions by the US and Russia to withdraw from this agreement impact the security situation globally and regionally. They reflect a gradual erosion of the architecture of arms control that has been introduced since the end of the Cold War. Georgia remains the only state in the South Caucasus to be a signatory to this Treaty. It is also the only state in the region to remain (since 2008) in a conflict with Russia. While striving to join the EU and NATO, it lies on the land of strategic importance to Russia and other regional and global players. The main objective of this publication is to discuss the importance of the Treaty on Open Skies, considering its specificity from a regional perspective, and to assess the implications of the withdrawals of the US and Russia from the Treaty on security in Georgia and in the South Caucasus. Using a descriptive approach and legal-political analysis, the author discusses the creation, functioning, and causes of the breakdown of this legal-institutional system, while looking at its importance for global arms control and security related consequences it may trigger for the region. A closer look at the South Caucasus highlights the author’s belief in the Treaty’s critical role in the region and the importance of preserving its existence.
    Źródło:
    Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2021, 57; 140-158
    0209-0961
    Pojawia się w:
    Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Państwa nieuznawane w badaniach analityczno-prognostycznych rynku paliwowo-energetycznego Południowego Kaukazu. Zaopatrzenie energetyczne Osetii Pd. i Abchazji vs. Republiki Górskiego Karabachu
    Unrecognized Countries in the Analytical and Prognostic Research of the South Caucasus Fuel and Energy Market. Energy Supply of Ossetia South and Abkhazia vs. The Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh
    Autorzy:
    Kwiatkiewicz, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31339481.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    crude oil
    natural gas
    electricity
    power plants
    hydroelectricity
    wind power
    South Caucasus
    Armenia
    Georgia
    Azerbaijan
    South Ossetia
    Abkhazia
    the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
    ropa naftowa
    gaz ziemny
    energetyka
    elektrownie
    hydroenergetyka
    energetyka wiatrowa
    Kaukaz Pd.
    Osetia Pd.
    Abchazja
    Republika Górskiego Karabachu
    Opis:
    Kaukaz Południowy i badania nad jego gospodarką niosą za sobą trudności wynikające ze specyfiki politycznej tego regionu. Konflikt zbrojny między Armenią i Azerbejdżanem, ograniczone relacje z otoczeniem zewnętrznym – Armenia–Turcja, Gruzja–Rosja; nie sprzyjają wymianie handlowej i transparentności zawieranych transakcji. Wyzwanie dla poszukiwań naukowych stanowi istnienie tzw. państw nieuznawanych. Nie sposób określić precyzyjnie wielkości konsumpcji paliwowej czy zużycia energii elektrycznej, gdyż nie są zaopatrywane energetycznie przez państwa, w których granicach de jure są położone. Ich legalna przynależność nie pozwala by były pomijane we wszelkiego typu zestawach, co rzutuje na wyniki końcowe poszukiwań analityczno-prognostycznych w obszarze energetyki, które są zależne od jakości przekazywanych danych oraz trafności prognoz rozwoju gospodarczego. Omawiane przykłady Abchazji i Osetii Pd. oraz Republiki Górskiego Karabachu są tego dowodem. Zestawienie tych dwóch przypadków pozwala wyeksponować różnice między nimi.
    The Southern Caucasus and its economic research entails difficulties due to the political uniqueness of the region. Armed conflicts between Armenia and Azerbaijan and limited relations with the external environment of Armenia–Turkey and Georgia–Russia do not favor trade and transparency of concluded transactions. The existence of the so-called unrecognized countries poses a challenge to scientific research. It is impossible to determine precisely the amount of fuel consumption or electricity consumption, because they are not supplied by the countries within which they are located. Their legal affiliation does not allow them to be omitted in all types of sets, which affects the final results of analytical and prognostic research in the field of energy, which depend on the quality of data and economic development forecasts accuracy. The examples of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and the Republic of Nagorno- Karabakh are proof of this. The combination of these two cases makes it possible to highlight the differences between them, which result from a different approach to the issue of meeting the energy needs of the local population by their home countries.
    Źródło:
    Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne; 2022, 4; 155-168
    1731-7517
    Pojawia się w:
    Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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