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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 220
Tytuł:
Russia’s Hybrid War with Ukraine: Determinants, Instruments, Accomplishments and Challenges
Autorzy:
Hajduk, Jurij
Stępniewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/557991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Russia–Ukraine hybrid war
Ukraine crisis
Russia–Ukraine
information war
Ukraine
Russia
Opis:
The objective of the present paper is to define the determinants and instruments associated with the information (hybrid) war between Russia and Ukraine. The paper focuses on measures taken by Russia, between 2013 and 2015, in relation to Ukraine. The paper does not aspire to discuss the issue comprehensively, but constitutes an attempt at outlining the problem, indicating determinants and characteristics of the information war (information war as an element of hybrid warfare). The consolidated Russian information space is subordinated to the interests of authorities and draws heavily from the tools characteristic for propaganda, frequently relying upon the Soviet model. In addition, this is done with the view of re-establishing the “Russian World” (Русский мир), which would be wholly subject to Russia’s political interests. Moreover, Russian propaganda goes hand in hand with military actions – a conventional conflict in South-Eastern Ukraine.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 2; 37-52
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russia’s war with Ukraine and Russia’s revisionism on the international stage
Autorzy:
STĘPNIEWSKI, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2142383.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-08
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
Russia-Ukraine war
Russia’s revisionism
Ukraine
Russia
Ukraine’s security
Central Europe’s security
Opis:
Russia’s armed conflict with Ukraine, ongoing since 2014, has created conditions for Russia to revise the balance of power in Eastern Europe, and even the international order established after the Cold War. The aim of this article is firstly to show Ukraine, in a highly synthetic way, as a state at a crossroads but simultaneously a key state in terms of Russia’s interests in the post-Soviet area, then the motives for Russia’s redrawing the post-Cold War international order, taking into account the location and role of Ukraine. The article merely indicates the problem of research, and does not claim the right to comprehensively cover the issue in question.
Źródło:
Historia i Świat; 2022, 11; 329-336
2299-2464
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Świat
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wojna w Ukrainie szansą na pożegnanie hegemonii Stanów Zjednoczonych? Rozmowa Sylwii Jasińskiej z Bogusławem Gogolem
War in Ukraine a chance to bid farewell to U.S. hegemony? An interview by Sylwia Jasińska with Bogusław Gogol
Autorzy:
Jasińska, Sylwia
Gogol, Bogusław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32443998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Fundacja PSC
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russia
war
Źródło:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne; 2022, 2(10); 47-55
2719-9851
Pojawia się w:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evolution of the Methodology of Conducting Military Operations on the Example of the Clash of Two-Speed Civilisations During the Conflict in Ukraine 2014–2022
Autorzy:
Mitkow, Szymon
Górnikiewicz, Marcin
Sługocka, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195798.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
military operation
war in Ukraine
two-speed civilisations
Russia
Ukraine
Opis:
The difference in the methodology of conducting military operations by Russian and Ukrainian troops during the war ongoing since February 2022 is striking. It does not result only from the adopted convention of conducting these activities but is conditioned on a much deeper mental level resulting from cultural conditions. They determine the perception and understanding of the phenomenon of war. In other words, the operational and tactical methodology can be adapted to changing realities, provided that the essence of such a change is understood in terms of achieving the assumed military and non-military goals. Furthermore, these goals could be achieved by conducting military operations according to a completely different methodology, probably with much greater effectiveness. Why, in such a perspective, did the Russian side choose such a barbaric way of conducting war, characterising the methodology of military actions of the past decades or even centuries? This paper aims to answer the research question: What premises condition the Russian methodology of military action in the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022? Empirical methods were employed to obtain an answer to this question.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 4(51); 35-46
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ukraine Crisis and Shift in us Foreign Policy
Autorzy:
Woźniak, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/648414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Ukraine Crisis
US Foreign Policy
Ukraine
Russia
NATO
European Security
Opis:
War in Ukraine and the Russian annexation of Crimea are the events that changed the US policy towards Russia. The events in Ukraine forced the United States to take a closer look at Eastern and Central Europe. The United States’ policy during the Ukrainian crisis has been limited to sanctions and strong statements so far because in Ukraine there is an asymmetry of interests. Ukraine is much more important to Russia than to the United States. The United States may be willing to support the democratic and western aspiration of Ukrainians but will not risk a major conflict with Russia over it. However the crisis in Ukraine is not only about Ukraine or Russia. It is also about US credibility around the world. Both friends and foes are watching closely the American reaction to the situation. That is why the United States has increased its military presence in those NATO countries that share borders with Russia.
Źródło:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal; 2016, 18, 2
1641-4233
2300-8695
Pojawia się w:
International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nach dem Ende der strategischen Partnerschaft. Deutschland auf der Suche nach einer neuen Russlandstrategie
After the End of the Strategic Partnership. Germany in Search of a new Strategy towards Russia
Autorzy:
Franzke, Jochen
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Russia
European Security
Ukraine
Opis:
With the annexation of the Crimea by Russia in spring 2014, a new strategic situation in Europe occurs. Both a deep going geopolitical and a value confl ict is now determine the relations between the West (EU, NATO including the Ukraine) and Russia. Germany was faced with the failure of its policy of strategic partnership with Russia since the year 2000. Unfortunately, a critical examination of the errors of this policy since the chancellorship of Gerhard Schröder does not take place until now. The German political elite is still on the way to a new strategic concept to deal with the new situation, fluctuating between value-based policy and Realpolitik. However, the public opinion in Germany about Russian policy is getting more critical. Finally, the contribution analyses the actual challenges for the future of German policy towards Russia and try to describe the possible scenarios.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2016, 2; 107-121
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkey – the big winner or the big loser of the Russo-Ukrainian war?
Autorzy:
Olszowska, Karolina Wanda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20435149.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Turkey
Ukraine
Russia
war
Opis:
More than a year after the Russian aggression against Ukraine, a little can already be said about Turkey‘s attitude and the consequences of the conflict for Ankara. Turkey is balancing between Moscow and Kiev, trying to gain ground as a mediator, but also looking after its interests, especially economic ones. The text aims to analyse Turkish-Russian and Turkish-Ukrainian relations, especially since the outbreak of the war, and to answer the question of what the possible consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war are for Turkey, whether it will be the big winner or rather the big loser of the situation.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2023, XX, 1; 93-102
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Russian invasion of Ukraine: A personal opinion on the topic
Autorzy:
Ramirez, J. Martín
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27322828.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-09
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
Russia
Ukraine
conflict
aggression
Opis:
Prof. J. Martín Ramírez is a Spanish scientist, Director of the Nebrija-Santander Chair on Risk and Conflict Management, Fellow of the WAAS, Chair of the Spanish Pugwash and President of CICA International – International Conferences of Conflict and Aggression. He studied Medicine, Humanities, and Law, obtaining a PhD degree in Medicine and Surgery (Neurosciences), and in Philosophy (Education) as well as three Diplomas, and a Master in National Defense at the Spanish CESEDEN. Below we present some of his personal considerations on the current situation in Ukraine, regarding Russian aggression on that country, that he wrote on the 2nd day of the invasion – on 25th of February, 2022.
Źródło:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje; 2022, 41; 11-14
2299-4033
Pojawia się w:
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Ukraine Crisis and European Union’s Eastern Partnership Revisited
Autorzy:
Stępniewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/647563.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
European Neighbourhood Policy
Eastern Partnership
Eastern Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Russia-Ukraine conflict
Opis:
The objective of the present paper is an attempt at viewing the European Neighbourhood Policy, and especially the Eastern Partnership, from the EU’s standpoint and from the international perspective as well. The situation in the EU’s eastern neighbourhood (Russia-Ukraine war) drives EU decision-makers to focus merely on stabilisation and de facto stagnation. The decision-makers are not willing to undertake decisive actions towards a change in relations with the countries of Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus. The paper will also consider the following research questions: Will the lack of clear EU membership perspective (even a remote one) for countries such as Ukraine, Moldova, lead to the opportunity for a change of their situation to be forfeit? Will Russia-Ukraine conflict (and Russia-the West conflict in a broad sense) result in the EU being pushed out of the region and enable Russia to reintegrate the post-Soviet space? Was the recent 2015 Eastern Partnership Summit in Riga the beginning of the end of the policy? The paper does not attempt a comprehensive discussion of the issue, but constitutes an outline of particular problems which the EU and Eastern Partnership are faced with.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia; 2016, 23, 1
1428-9512
2300-7567
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio K – Politologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosja oraz konflikt na Ukrainie w wypowiedziach byłego Kanclerza Niemiec Gerharda Schrödera – analiza wybranych publikacji na rosyjskich stronach internetowych
Former Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schröder on Russia and the Ukrainian Conflict: an Analysis of Selected Publications on Russian Websites
Autorzy:
Donaj, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2140900.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-27
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Naukowe Dolnośląskiej Szkoły Wyższej
Tematy:
Schröder
Rosja
Ukraina
Russia
Ukraine
Opis:
Gerhard Schröder, były kanclerz Republiki Federalnej Niemiec (1998-2005), po zakończeniu kariery politycznej otrzymał od Gazpromu stanowisko przewodniczącego Rady Dyrektorów rosyjsko-niemieckiego konsorcjum North European Gas Pipeline Company, budującego Gazociąg Północny. Przyjęcie tego stanowiska wywołało oburzenie części opinii międzynarodowej oraz pytania o to, czy, będąc kanclerzem, kierował się wyłącznie racją stanu. Rosyjscy dziennikarze często proszą byłego kanclerza o wypowiedzi odnośnie do Rosji, stosunków Rosji z Zachodem – w tym zwłaszcza o ocenę wydarzeń na Ukrainie. W niniejszej publikacji przybliżone zostaną te oceny, poruszony zostanie także problem wizerunku polityka w mediach – zwłaszcza w kontekście tendencyjnego sposobu wybierania faktów i sposobów ich relacjonowania.
Upon concluding his political career, Gerhard Schröder, a former Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (1998-2005), accepted Gazprom’s offer to head the Board of Directors of the North European Gas Pipeline Company, a Russian-German consortium building the Nord Stream. His decision stirred considerable international controversy, with some outraged voices raising questions about Schröder’s agenda when still in office. Russian journalists often ask the former Chancellor to comment on Russia and Russia’s relations with the West and, in particular, to assess the events in Ukraine. This paper explores these assessments and discusses the politician’s image in the media, especially as related to tendentious fact selection and biased ways of relating them.
Źródło:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego; 2015, 9, 1; 31-43
1896-8848
2450-3436
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Międzynarodowego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kryzys na Ukrainie – szansa czy zagrożenie dla Republiki Białoruś?
Crisis in Ukraine – a chance or a threat to Belarus?
Autorzy:
Sienko, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russia
Belarus
SWOT analysis
Opis:
This article investigates the change of Russian-Belarusian relations after the Ukraine conflict. With the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, relations between the two countries have reached a critical point. This is mainly due to two factors. Firstly, the Belarusian elite have decided to remain neutral in connection with the crisis for fear that the conflict could escalate into the territory of Belarus. Secondly, the Russian Federation expected Belarus’s loyalty to the Kremlin. It cannot be unambiguously stated that the tense situation in the region is only a threat to Belarus. The SWOT analysis presented by the author in the final part of the text introduces the possibilities and obstacles to exploiting the potential of the Ukrainian Maidan. The author tried to describe the current alternatives to Belarusian politics, which after the outbreak of the conflict became hostage to its own political interests.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2017, 11; 413-425
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rosja i Ukraina – konflikt w rodzinie słowiańskiej?
Russia and Ukraine – A Conflict in the Slavic Family?
Autorzy:
Kabzińska, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521620.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Russia
Ukraine
conflict
Slavic community
Opis:
For the author of the article the present conflict between Russia and Ukraine has become the point of departure for a re{ ection on its character and for posing many questions: Is the conflict perceived by those directly involved as an inter-Slavic conflict? Is it interpreted in such way by outsiders? How is the conflict interpreted by the supporters of the idea of pan-Slavism (numerous both in Russia and Ukraine) and by the community of Eastern Slavs? How does it affect the relations between Slavic nations? How is the Slavic identification of the participants of the conflict related to their ethnic and national identity? What is the influence of the concept of the „Russian world” (russkiy mir) on the Russian-speaking inhabitants of Ukraine? Are we really witnessing the final breakdown of the idea of a Slavic community? The author mentions the internal divisions of Ukrainian society. Another subject she raises is the variety of attitudes of Poles concerning the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Poles also have varied attitudes towards persons of Polish national identity and with Polish roots who arrived in Poland from Ukraine. Most of them have applied for Polish citizenship. Another part of the article is dedicated to the process of the formation of the Russian political nation. One of the questions here concerns the relations between particular identities: civic, ethnic/national and supra-national (Slavic). Referring to Andrew Wilson, author of the book the Ukrainians: Unexpected nation, the author of the article points out different scenarios concerning the future of Ukraine. The work by Wilson was published in 2000. It seems, however, that in spite of violent changes in Russian-Ukrainian relationships, each of the scenarios is equally possible.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2016, 10; 59-77
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dezinformacja nowym orężem wojennym – jak manipulacja społeczeństwami i opinią publiczną wpływa na losy wojny w Ukrainie?
Disinformation with a new weapon of war - how does the manipulation of societies and public opinion affect the fate of the war in Ukraine?
Autorzy:
Chmielewska, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Fundacja PSC
Tematy:
manipulation
war
Ukraine
Russia
disinformation
Opis:
The technological revolution and digital development have opened up new possibilities for communication and access to information. However, with these changes came the challenges of spreading fake news. Russia needed them to achieve its political goals, and Ukraine fought them to gain international support. The article shows the role and impact of disinformation on the Russian-Ukrainian war. It focuses on the problems of the lack of verification of sources, the spread of hatred and unfounded judgments that can change the fate of the war.
Źródło:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne; 2023, 1(13); 59-67
2719-9851
Pojawia się w:
Alcumena. Pismo Interdyscyplinarne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ukraina we współczesnych rosyjskich projektach imperialnych
Ukraine in Contemporary Russian Imperial Projects
Autorzy:
Dudek, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/37487771.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Akademia Ignatianum w Krakowie
Tematy:
Rosja
Ukraina
inwazja Rosji na Ukrainę
imperium eurazjatyckie
Ijin
Gumilow
Dugin
Putin
Russia
Ukraine
invasion of Russia on Ukraine
Eurasian empire
Ilyin
Gumilov
Opis:
Artykuł analizuje projekty odtworzenia/ zbudowania imperium, lansowane przez współczesne władze Federacji Rosyjskiej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem miejsca Ukrainy w tych zamysłach. W tekście zwrócono uwagę na widoczne w działaniach władz rosyjskich inspiracje ideologią nacjonalistyczną i imperialną – zwłaszcza w wariancie eurazjatyckim. Przywoływane są przykłady ujęć proponowanych przez Iwana Iljina, Lwa Gumilowa, Aleksandra Dugina i ich echa w wystąpieniach prezydenta Putina. Idąc śladem wspomnianych trzech ideologów, władze Federacji Rosyjskiej traktują Ukrainę jako niezbędny strukturalny element odtwarzanego imperium eurazjatyckiego, podkreślając historyczną jedność narodu ukraińskiego i rosyjskiego oraz negując prawo Ukrainy do samostanowienia o własnej drodze rozwoju cywilizacyjnego. Ten rodzaj oficjalnego przekazu legł u podstaw propagandowego uzasadniania inwazji Federacji Rosyjskiej na Ukrainę 24 lutego 2022 r. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na rolę Rosyjskiej Cerkwi Prawosławnej we wspieraniu decyzji władz rosyjskich o rozpoczęciu wojny na Ukrainie oraz na postawę społeczeństwa rosyjskiego w tej kwestii.
The paper is focused on projects of reconstruction/establishment of an empire being pushed by contemporary authorities of the Russian Federation, with special reference to the perception of Ukraine in these notions. The text pays attention to inspirations by nationalistic and imperial ideas either (especially in the shape of Eurasian doctrines) visible in the activity of Russian authorities. Examples of ideas issued by Ivan Ilyin, Lev Gumilov and Alexander Dugin and referred to by president Putin are taken into account. Russian authorities, following the doctrines voiced by the above-mentioned ideologists, perceive Ukraine as a necessary structural element of the reconstruction of the Eurasian empire, stressing the historical unity of Russians and Ukrainians and at the same time refusing the right of Ukraine to make a choice as far as self-determination is concerned. That sort of message constituted the core of Russian justification of the invasion of Ukraine on 24.02.2022. The role of Russian Orthodox Church supporting authorities in this justification of the war in Ukraine and attitudes of the Russian society towards the invasion are taken into account.
Źródło:
Perspektywy Kultury; 2023, 41, 2/2; 111-136
2081-1446
2719-8014
Pojawia się w:
Perspektywy Kultury
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Changes in Ukrainian orthodoxy after the revolution of dignity: the “Russian” context
Autorzy:
Hurak, Ihor
Kobuta, Svitlana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2116142.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Fundacja Copernicus na rzecz Rozwoju Badań Naukowych
Tematy:
Ukraine
Russia
UOC (MP) (Ukrainian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarchate)
OCU (Orthodox Church of Ukraine)
autocephaly
Opis:
Within the framework of the implementation of foreign policy employing “soft power”, the leadership of the Russian Federation traditionally assigns an important role to the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). After the occupation of Crimea and the beginning of the armed conflict in Donbas, the ROC lost much of its direct influence on the situation in Ukraine. Under such circumstances, the new leadership of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC) Moscow Patriarchate (MP) has taken on the key role in conveying messages to Ukrainian society favorable to the Kremlin. Initiating the distancing of the church from social processes in the state, the hierarchs of the UOC (MP) have simultaneously taken steps and made statements that, within the framework of Ukrainian-Russian confrontation, clearly demonstrate their support for the Russian point of view. In fact, despite the ongoing armed conflict in the east of Ukraine, the UOC (MP) has been able to maintain its position within Ukrainian Orthodoxy in terms of numbers. At the same time, the emergence of the local autocephalous Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) in early 2019 marked a fundamental transformation in its religious landscape. The OCU was formed mainly from the UOC-KP (Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate) and the UAOC (Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church) which had not been canonically recognized by the world Orthodox Church, unlike the UOC-MP. Having received the Tomos from the Ecumenical Patriarch, Bartholomew, the OCU became the only canonical Orthodox Church in Ukraine. Within the two years following its formation, the OCU was recognized by three more Orthodox churches along with the Ecumenical Patriarchate and was included in their lists of the recognized Eastern Orthodox churches (diptychs). This accounts for the OCU’s promising prospects while it also signifies a loss of authority by the ROC as well as the growing threats it faces in terms of its weakened influence within world Orthodoxy.
Źródło:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies; 2021, 2; 33-50
2299-4335
Pojawia się w:
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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