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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 73
Tytuł:
ARE WE WITNESSING THE TWILIGHT UF THE STRATEGIC GERMAN-RUSSIAN PARTNERSHIP UNDER ANGELA MERKEL?
Autorzy:
KOSZEL, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Germany
Russia
strategic partnership
European Union
Opis:
The author of this paper analyzes the policy of strategic partnership between Germany and Russia, especially in the field of the economy, which originated after the reunification of Germany in 1990. He stresses that it was the government of Angela Merkel after 2005 that began to emphasize the authoritarian rule of President Vladimir Putin and human rights breaches in Russia. Nevertheless, economic cooperation continued under the pressure from business circles. The author’s main hypothesis is that it was only Russia’s aggression towards Ukraine that undermined German-Russian collaboration, which is no longer given priority. Germany is the foremost advocate of the EU’s maintaining its sanctions against Russia. Angela Merkel’s third and fourth governments have tried to ‘Europeanize’ Germany’s policy towards the Russian Federation to a greater extent. Both Germany and the EU need Russia as a strategic partner to resolve problems in the Middle East and combat international terrorism. Russia is also a significant supplier of strategic resources to Germany and the EU. This paper employs the descriptive research method, the method of source analysis and decision-making analysis.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2018, 11; 129-141
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Skutki przystąpienia Rosji do WTO dla stosunków UE-Rosja
Russias Accession to the WTO and Its Potential Impact on the EU-Russia Relations
Autorzy:
Błaszczuk-Zawiła, Marzenna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/454450.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny
Tematy:
Rosja
Unia Europejska
WTO
Russia
European Union
Opis:
W dniu 22 sierpnia 2012 r. Rosja, największa wówczas gospodarka pozostająca poza strukturami Światowej Organizacji Handlu (WTO), stała się jej 156 członkiem. W związku z tym wydarzeniem oczekiwano poprawy dostępu do rosyjskiego rynku dóbr i usług oraz zwiększenia przejrzystości i stabilności warunków współpracy z tym krajem. Ze względu na znaczenie wzajemnych powiązań gospodarczych oczekuje się, że akcesja Rosji do WTO będzie miała potencjalnie największe znaczenie dla Unii Europejskiej. W artykule omówiono przebieg rokowań akcesyjnych, proces ratyfikacji protokołu akcesyjnego i warunki członkostwa Rosji w WTO. Podjęto też próbę oceny potencjalnych skutków tego wydarzenia dla stosunków gospodarczych UE-Rosja, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem prowadzonej przez rosyjskie władze polityki niwelowania negatywnych skutków przystąpienia do WTO dla jej gospodarki. W konkluzji stwierdzono, że przystąpienie Rosji do WTO będzie miało stosunkowo niewielki wpływ na unijno-rosyjskie stosunki gospodarcze, zwłaszcza w krótkiej perspektywie. Otworzyło natomiast drogę do podjęcia rokowań w sprawie utworzenia pogłębionej i poszerzonej strefy wolnego handlu (DCFTA), a także umożliwiło ubieganie się Rosji o członkostwo w OECD.
On the 22nd August 2012, Russia - the last major economy outside the World Trade Organisation (WTO), became its 156th Member. WTO accession was expected to improve access to the Russian trade and investment markets as well as business environment in that country. Taking into account the relationship between the two economies, potentially the most significant economic effects of the accession are expected for the EU. The article discusses Russia's negotiation process, ratification of its accession package, and terms of entry to the organisation. The author tried to assess the likely effects of Russia's WTO accession on the EU-Russia economic relations. A special attention was paid to the policy pursued by the Russian government aimed at eliminating the negative consequences of WTO accession for Russia's economy. It seems that the economic effects of the accession will not be meaningful, particularly in the short term. Nevertheless, it makes it possible to open negotiations on deep and comprehensive free trade agreement (DCFTA) between the EU and Russia, as well as the initiation of negotiations for Russia's membership in the OECD.
Źródło:
Unia Europejska.pl; 2012, 4; 7-17
2084-2694
Pojawia się w:
Unia Europejska.pl
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Russia and the European Union’s new member states: their cooperation and rivalry in the field of energy
Autorzy:
Gardocki, Sylwester
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2025297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
energy policies
Russia
the European Union
international relations
Opis:
Relations between Russia and the European Union are particularly important in the sphere of the production, transmission and use of energy resources as it is in this field where Russia possesses its key strategic assets, and the European Union heavily relies on supplies of oil and natural gas from this country. Russia wants to be perceived as a superpower by the European Union countries and believes that having such a status will contribute to its further progress. In order to accomplish this goal it should take advantage of its superior position in the field of power industry. In the past, both in the times of czarism and the Soviet Union, Imperial Russia built its status as a world power primarily by using its military potential to expand its territory. We compare this tradition to Russia’s present attitude, the latter is undoubtedly less dangerous and it may become the basis for mutually advantageous cooperation.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2011, 40; 173-210
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ansätze künftiger deutscher Russlandpolitik in Wahlprogrammen von sechs politischen Parteien zur Bundestagswahl 2017
Approaches for future policy of Germany towards Russia in election programs for the 2017 Bundestag election of six German political parties
Autorzy:
FRANZKE, JOCHEN
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Germany
Russia
European Union
Political parties
Foreign policy
Opis:
In this article the electoral programs for the Bundestag elections on 24 September 2017 of six German political parties (CDU/CSU, SPD, Left Party, Bündnis90/Die Grünen, FDP, and AfD) will be evaluated for their statements on the future German and European policy on Russia. These political parties were selected because they have a realistic chance of being elected into the 19th German Bundestag. The most critical view on the relations with Russia is to be found in the liberal election program. Here, the Russian government is directly called upon to stop immediately the unlawful occupation of the Crimea and the war in the Eastern Ukraine. The most uncritical view on relations with Russia is to be found the election program of the Left party. Criticism of Russian policy in Ukraine is not practiced. However, it calls for a large number of unilateral advance steps by Germany, the EU and NATO, to meet Russia. The willingness to dialogue with the government of Russia contains all six electoral programs under evaluation. Elements of deterrence only contains the program of the FDP. Three scenarios for Germany’s future relations with Russia are possible.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2017, 11; 147-156
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Normative EU, the Hard Power Russia and the Small States Between Them: Cases of Armenia, Georgia and Moldova
Autorzy:
Hakobyan, Mher
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2053978.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Collegium Civitas
Tematy:
European Union
Russia
regional integration
Eastern Partnership
Europeanization
Opis:
The foreign policy choices of Armenia, Georgia and Moldova have been largely shaped by the power balance between the European Union and Russia. The EU’s normativity in regional integration was opposed by Russia’s hard power approach. Although the potential benefits of the integration drove Armenia, Georgia and Moldova to sign a framework agreement with the EU, the latter’s inability to pro-vide security guarantees has reduced the EU’s attractiveness leaving the future of the Eastern Partnership uncertain.
Źródło:
Securitologia; 2017, 1 (25); 7-18
1898-4509
Pojawia się w:
Securitologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Eastern Partnership as a Contested Neighbourhood: The Role of External Actors - The EU and Russia
Autorzy:
Legucka, Agnieszka
Włodkowska, Agata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929605.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Russia
European Union
Eastern Partnership
Rivalry
Clash of Interests
Opis:
Contestation remains a significant factor in the EU neighbourhood. The aim of this article is to elaborate on the role of external actors - namely the European Union and the Russian Federation - in managing local and regional contestation. The latter is defined as incompatibilities between two or more competing views about how political, economic, social, and territorial order should be established and/or sustained. Competing interests between the EU and Russia concern many issues; the model of political system in the neighbourhood (democracy vs. authoritarianism), the model and direction of the economic integration of these countries (European or Eurasia integration), and the infrastructure and availability of gas and oil (energy disputes). The common neighbourhood, which concerns EU Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine), has become an area of rivalry rather than cooperation between the EU and Russia. The first seeks to stabilise the post-Soviet area, while Russia exploits local destabilisations and conflicts to maintain its influence there.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 4; 37-50
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bulgaria’s geopolitical and geoeconomic reorientation (1989–2019)
Autorzy:
Mihaylov, Valentin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1199422.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Instytut Geografii
Tematy:
Bulgaria
Balkans
European Union
Russia
geopolitical reorientation
energy geopolitics
Opis:
Until the late 1980s and the dawn of the end of the Eastern Bloc, communist Bulgaria was considered to be the closest ally of the Soviet Union. Now, 30 years later, the Bulgarian state has been integrated into the main Euro-Atlantic organisations. Taking these radical changes as its starting point, this article outlines the process and consequences of post-1989 geopolitical and geoeconomic reorientation of Bulgaria. The aim was also to present the main geopolitical challenges in Bulgaria’s relations with Russia and Turkey. These states have been influencing the political, economic and cultural development of Bulgaria for centuries. The effects of their influence have remained problematic to this day. As Bulgaria remains a country with a complex geopolitical position, it continues its twentieth-century strategy and tries to maintain balance between its own national interest and the influence of the main centres of power. The author draws particular attention to the fact that the model based on the variability of geopolitical priorities was once again confirmed in the analysed period. This model is not only based on pragmatism in relations with the outside world, which is traditional for the Bulgarian political elite, but is also dependant on the temporary distribution of power within the Balkan geopolitical knot. It seems that the model will continue to be valid, at least in the near future.
Źródło:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society; 2019, 9, 4; 12-23
2084-0497
2451-2249
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Strategic challenges for Serbias integration with the European Union
Autorzy:
Żakowska, Marzena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/576143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-06-30
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Serbia
challenges
European Union
Kosovo
Russia
political status
negotiations
Opis:
Serbia began the process of integration with the European Union in 2003. After eleven years on a difficult road to the transformation of political and constitutional contexts, Serbia gained the chance to become a member of the Community. On the path to accession to the European Union, Serbia had to resolve some strategic challenges, of which the main one is the problem of regulating the political status of Kosovo. The aim of this article is to indicate the position of Serbia and Kosovo’s Albanians regarding the dispute over the political status of Kosovo, as well as examine the process of normalisation of relations between Serbia and Kosovo as a key mechanism for resolving the dispute. The challenges emerging for Serbia as a result of the negotiation process will be covered. The new dimension of Serbia’s cooperation with Russia will also be analysed as one of the factors which may have a significant impact on the further dynamics of the process of Serbia’s integration with the European Union.
Źródło:
Security and Defence Quarterly; 2016, 11, 2; 3-29
2300-8741
2544-994X
Pojawia się w:
Security and Defence Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional dimension of international environmental cooperation: the European Union environmental policy and its relations with its neighbors in the case of Russia
Autorzy:
Zaslavskaya, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343739.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-07-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Environmental cooperation
European Union
Russia
regional cooperation
environmental policy
Opis:
This article aims to examine factors influencing the development of international environmental cooperation and the roles of particular actors participating in environmental cooperation. In general, the majority of international actors agree with the importance of environmental protection but demonstrate different visions in terms of necessary measures. The final result depends on their capability to find common ground. It is assumed that the EU, with its strong environmental policy, realizes the importance of transborder coordination of environmental measures and tries to promote environmental cooperation. Russia was a serious challenge to the EU in terms of environmental security due to its geographic proximity, its severe environmental problems, and its harmful influence over environmental situation in the EU member states. The EU policy towards Russia demonstrates how the EU promotes environmental cooperation and ensures improvement of the environmental situation in the neighboring states. This paper will answer the following research questions: what factors determine the motivation of international actors participating in environmental cooperation; how the EU environmental traditions and decision-making procedures influence its external environmental activities; and how the EU tries to influence Russian environmental policy.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2021, 57; 24-43
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trade interdependence between Russia vs. the European Union and China within the context of the competitiveness of the Russian economy
Autorzy:
Falkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22446530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
trade interdependence
competitiveness
competitive advantages
Russia
European Union
China
Opis:
Research background: The position of a country in the international division of labour is determined by the competitiveness of its trade, the structure of which may both reveal and perpetuate the comparative advantages possessed. This is particularly true for Dutch disease economies such as Russia. Recently, economic literature has seen a growing interest in the topic of Russia?s economic relations with the European Union and China. This article is aimed at being the Author?s contribution to this discussion. Purposes of the article: (1) to discuss the existing trade interdependence between Russia and the EU28, and Russia and China; (2) to try to assess the extent to which the current structure of Russian trade with these two partners corresponds with the competitiveness of the Russian economy. Methods: An in-depth analysis of Russia-EU28 and Russia-China trade interdependencies in 2007-2015 has been conducted, with emphasis on the categories of goods within the spectrum from low- to high-technology, according to the OECD classification. Furthermore, in order to analyse Russia?s competitive profile with regard to the same categories of goods, Balassa?s methodology of revealed comparative advantages has been applied. Findings & Value added: In the recent years, a growing importance of China in Russian trade turnover can be observed, being the effect of dynamic growth of Chinese economy, cooling political relations between Moscow and Brussels and the drop in oil prices in international markets. The existing structure of Russian trade with the EU28 and China seems likely to preserve its traditional competitive advantages in the medium-low-technology goods and oil, which, in turn, will only further exacerbate the negative consequences of the so-called Dutch disease affecting the Russian economy.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2018, 13, 4; 667-687
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International Higher Education as Foreign Policy: Comparing the Strategies of the EU, China, and Russia Towards Central Asia
Autorzy:
Longhurst, Kerry Anne
Nitza-Makowska, Agnieszka
Skiert-Andrzejuk, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2195048.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Central Asia
higher education
Russia
China
European Union
soft power
Opis:
The article sheds light on the nexus between higher education and foreign policy. International higher education has become an increasingly prominent element of some states’ policies towards other countries as a flank to traditional foreign policy. It has occurred in Central Asia, where the European Union, China and Russia are all supporting teaching, research and capacity-building activities in the tertiary sectors of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Although they employ similar tools and instruments, the assumptions and visions underpinning their respective strategies diverge. Russia’s strategy is shaped by historically informed identity factors and the impulse to entrench predominance in the post-Soviet space, whilst China uses its support for higher education as a soft infrastructure for its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Meanwhile, the EU has integrated higher education into its strategy for the region, which aims at drawing Central Asia closer to its orbit through democratisation and the rule of law.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 4(51); 111-123
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unia Europejska dziś i jej niepewna przyszłość. Cz.I
The European Union at present, and its uncertain future. Part I
Autorzy:
Fiszer, Józef M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
European Union
integration
financial crisis
international order
West
Russia
Ukraine
Opis:
There is no doubt that the European Union, which is the result of European integration, is an unprecedented entity in the history of international relations. It is a symbol of a new, united Europe, which, after negative experiences, decided to become a safe continent, and therefore eliminate once and for all war from the life of its states and nations. Unfortunately, the idea of ‘eternal peace,’ which many politicians and philosophers dreamed about, has failed to be fully implemented to this day. Moreover, the recent war in the Balkans and the current Russian-Ukrainian war still make this idea impossible in international relations in Europe. The purpose of this paper is to present the European Union today, ten years after its 2004 enlargement by a further ten countries, including eight from the former Eastern bloc. The paper shows the strengths and weaknesses of the EU, which – although significantly strengthened by the Eastern enlargement – still cannot cope with many economic, political, social and international problems. The author of this paper tries to come up with answers to many questions concerning the present EU: why is this happening, what are the reasons for it and what are the prospects for the EU in the 21st century. The main thesis is that the EU needs overhauling, so it can continue to grow and be an engine of European integration. If this does not happen, though, the EU will begin to crumble and eventually disintegrate, or become no more than a free trade zone.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2015, 9; 39-55
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Беларусь между ЕС и Россией: гeoполитическaя пeрcпeктвиa
Belarus between the European Union and the Russian Federation: a geopolitical perspective
Autorzy:
Akinczyc, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/398925.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
geopolityka
Białoruś
Unia Europejska
Rosja
geopolitics
Belarus
European Union
Russia
Opis:
In the article mutual relations between Belarus and the European Union as well as the Russian Federation are analyzed. The author shows that the unwillingness of Belarusian ruling elite to form a civil society makes the relations with the western neighbouring state worse. And Russian imperial ambitions don't promote the strengthening of the east integration vector. In modern conditions Belarus has a self-isolation policy from the neighbouring states that is objectively directed against national interests of the Belarusian society.
Źródło:
Ekonomia i Zarządzanie; 2012, 4, 1; 7-17
2080-9646
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia i Zarządzanie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The EU Eastern Enlargement Policy Under the Pressure of Geopolitics. The Bulgarian Case (Russias Little Brother)
Autorzy:
Veleva-Eftimova, Mirela
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2189674.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Enlargement Policy
Geopolitics
European Union
Russia
Russophile
Bulgarian Case
Conditionality
Opis:
The Bulgarian case is symptomatic of the susceptibility of the EU enlargement policy under geopolitical pressure. The aim of this text is to add arguments to the statement that the dynamic of Bulgaria's accession to the EU has been strongly influenced by external factors - mainly Yugoslavia's disintegration and the subsequential Kososvo crisis. This crisis brought up the issue of the huge Russian influence over Bulgarian politics and societies and, as a result, predetermined the perception of Bulgaria as a high security risk for EU. In this situation, Bulgaria was an object of de-securitisation by the EU's enlargement policy, but at the same time its main instrument, namely, the conditionality policy, was neglected. From this point of view, the Bulgarian case is important because: it illustrates the effects of this discrepancy to date; it is instructive in the context of EU enlargement policy towards the Western Balkans with huge Russian influence; and also in the context of the acceleration of the EU's eastern enlargement policy toward Ukraine and Moldova because of the pressure of the ongoing Russian military invasion. The opportunity for accelerating the pre-accession process under the influence of unpredicted external events created prerequisites for politicising the whole process, including the political use of the conditionality and the consequently unfinished preaccession preparation of the newcomers. The research task is fulfilled by a synthesis of primary and secondary sources organised around three main questions - Which external circumstances? Why? and, How? The results of a discourse analysis of interviews with key participants in Bulgaria's EU integration process are used as a starting point.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2023, 27, 1; 63-79
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
War and Food (In)security - A Lesson from the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
Autorzy:
Iacovino, Angela
Andreotti, Alessandro
Rago, Sara
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2189676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Food Security
War
Crisis
Russia
Ukraine
Energy Instability
European Union
Opis:
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has implemented legitimate fears of a global crisis and further and inevitably aggravating existing food-security challenges. The international community is being called upon to take targeted action to address the rapidly-evolving, resultant scenarios, making it essential to go beyond immediate interim measures and to re-examine the agricultural and energy policies that underpin our global economy. This article, without any claim to exhaustiveness, examines the inevitable link between war and the dynamics related to food security. In the first instance, a theoretical-interpretative key of the logics of violent conflicts that generate a relevant impact on global food supplies and food (in)security is provided, within the broader framework of the dynamics related to the instability of international relations which hinder the supply of energy resources and determine the volatility of general price levels. In the concluding section, there is reflection crossed reference to the ongoing Russia/Ukraine conflict as well as the devastating consequences on global food systems, already put under stress by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2023, 27, 1; 99-126
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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