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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Excavations of multicultural site 1 at Michałowice, Czarnocin commune, Świętokrzyskie province, in the years 2008–2010
    Autorzy:
    Zagórska-Telega, Joanna
    Bulas, Jan
    Pikulski, Jacek
    Szczepanek, Anita
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/442528.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Archeologii
    Tematy:
    cemetery
    Przeworsk culture
    Roman Period
    groove-type features
    Opis:
    The multicultural site 1 at Michałowice has long attracted the attention of archaeologists. Since the 1950’s, artefacts attributed to the Przeworsk culture have been discovered from time to time in fields near the administrative border between the Michałowice and Ciuślice villages. This resulted in an initial, small-scale salvage excavation of the site, which revealed skeleton burials of the Lusatian culture, as well as skeleton and cremation burials attributed to the Przeworsk culture. The excavations conducted in 2008–2010 uncovered 53 archaeological features, attributed to the Trzciniec, Lusatian and Przeworsk cultures. Among the most remarkable discoveries were human and horse burials connected with the Trzciniec culture and the Early Roman Period groove-type features from the Przeworsk culture cemetery.
    Źródło:
    Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie; 2011, 3; 195-225
    0137-3285
    Pojawia się w:
    Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Excavations on a multicultural site 1 at Michałowice, Czarnocin commune, Świętokrzyskie province, season 2012
    Badania wykopaliskowe na wielokulturowym stanowisku 1 w Michałowicach, gm. Czarnocin, woj. świętokrzyskie w sezonie 2012
    Autorzy:
    Zagórska-Telega, Joanna
    Pikulski, Jacek
    Szczepanek, Anita
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1396856.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Archeologii
    Tematy:
    cemetery
    Przeworsk culture
    Roman Period
    groove-type features
    closed depression
    Opis:
    Excavations on a multicultural archaeological site at Michałowice have been conducted since 2008. So for, a total area of nearly 3200 m2 has been explored, bringing to light 107 archaeological features connected in the most part with the Przeworsk culture cemetery. In the 2012 season, 6 cremation burials and one groove-type feature attributed to this cultural unit were discovered. They were dug into a very large (ca. 30 m in diameter) natural closed depression.
    Badania wykopaliskowe na wielokulturowym stanowisku 1 w Michałowicach prowadzone są od roku 2008. Do chwili obecnej odsłonięto obszar o powierzchni blisko 32 arów, odkrywając 107 obiektów, związanych głównie cmentarzyskiem ludności kultury przeworskiej (por. Pikulski, Zagórska-Telega 2011; Zagórska-Telega et al. 2011; 2012) (Ryc. 2). W sezonie 2012 badania koncentrowały się w północno-wschodniej części stanowiska i miały na celu weryfikacje badań geofizycznych przeprowadzonych przez mgr. P. Wronieckiego w roku 2010 (por. Wroniecki 2012). W trakcie badań wykopaliskowych wyeksplorowano obszar około 6 arów, odsłaniając bardzo dużych rozmiarów (ok. 30 m średnicy) naturalne zagłębienie bezodpływowe, tzw. wymok, określone jako obiekt 100. W obiekt ten zostało wkopanych sześć grobów ciałopalnych kultury przeworskiej (obiekty 101–104, 106, 107) oraz obiekt rowkowy związany z tą samą jednostką kulturową (105). Odkryte w trakcie tegorocznych badań groby były w znacznym stopniu zniszczone przez głęboką orkę. Zostały one wyposażone w przedmioty charakterystyczne dla pochówków kultury przeworskiej, m.in. w elementy stroju w postaci zapinek (obiekt 104, Ryc. 10: 2, 3) i sprzączek do pasa (obiekt 103, Ryc. 9: 2), jak również nożyce żelazne (obiekt 101, Ryc. 6) i nóż (obiekt 101, Ryc. 5: 1). Z obiektem 101 związana jest prawdopodobnie także ostroga żelazna (Ryc. 5: 2). W jednym z grobów (obiekt 103) odkryto koncentrację fragmentów ceramiki, pochodzących z kilku mocno zniekształconych i potłuczonych naczyń (Ryc. 7; 8). Wszystkie wspomniane obiekty należy datować na wczesny okres rzymski.
    Źródło:
    Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie; 2015, 7; 157-180
    0137-3285
    Pojawia się w:
    Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cmentarzysko ciałopalne kultury bogaczewskiej w Bargłowie Dwornym, pow. augustowski
    A Cremation Cemetery of the Bogaczewo Culture at Bargłów Dworny, Augustów County
    Autorzy:
    Iwanicki, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28328237.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022
    Wydawca:
    Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    kultura bogaczewska
    okres wpływów rzymskich
    cmentarzysko
    Bogaczewo Culture
    Roman Period
    cemetery
    Opis:
    Cmentarzysko w Bargłowie Dwornym leży ok. 10 km na SW od Augustowa (Ryc. 1). Zostało ono zgłoszone do PMA w roku 1937 i było badane ratowniczo przez Józefa Marciniaka w roku 1939 i Mariana Kaczyńskiego w latach 1969 i 1972. Ogółem zbadano obszar ponad 900 m2, odkrywając 37 grobów kultury bogaczewskiej (Ryc. 2). Niestety znaczna część z nich była mocno zniszczona na skutek intensywnych prac rolnych. <br></br> Spośród pozyskanych w trakcie badań zabytków na uwagę zasługuje kilka o charakterze lokalnym, ograniczonym do kultury bogaczewskiej, bądź też charakterystycznych dla całego kręgu zachodniobałtyjskiego. Do pierwszej grupy należy zapinka trójgrzebykowa odmiany mazurskiej z grobu 7 (Ryc. 6/7:1). Reprezentuje ona wyróżnioną w niniejszym opracowaniu grupę drugą tych fibul, charakteryzującą się niewielkim występem w górnej części tulei. Okazy takie występują w kulturze bogaczewskiej w stadium C1a. Do zabytków typowych dla kultury bogaczewskiej należą m.in. również wisiorek ósemkowaty typu A z grobu 18B (Ryc. 9:1) oraz dwa toporki żelazne, z grobu 4B i znaleziony luźno (Ryc. 5/4B:1, 16/03:5). Zabytki te datowane są na fazy B2b i B2/C1. Grupę drugą przedmiotów o szerszym, zachodniobałtyjskim charakterze reprezentują m.in. zapinka podkowiasta zdobiona emalią z grobu 4A (Ryc. 4/4A:1), pochodzące z tego samego zespołu dwie bransolety mankietowe typu A (Ryc. 4/4A:2.3), oraz znaleziona luźno siekierka tulejkowata (Ryc. 15/02:1). Bransolety z grobu 4A datowane są na fazę B2/C1–C1a, siekierka na fazy B2–B2/C1. <br></br> Na cmentarzysku w Bargłowie Dwornym odkryto także pojedyncze importy z obszarów kultur sąsiednich. Najprawdopodobniej przeworskie pochodzenie ma sprzączka typu G.3 z grobu 18 (Ryc. 9/18:1), datowana na fazę B2b i B2/C1. Z oddziaływaniami kultury wielbarskiej wiąże się luźno znaleziony zielony paciorek typu TM183 (Ryc. 15/02:2), często spotykanego na nekropolach tej kultury w zespołach grobowych z fazy C1. Z kultury DolIkeim-Kovrovo pochodzą brązowe rozdzielacze kolii z grobu 1 (Ryc. 3/1:3b), występujące na jej terytorium w zespołach z faz B2 i B2/C1. <br></br> Unikatowym znaleziskiem jest zachowany we fragmentach naszyjnik odkryty w przemieszanej warstwie stropowej grobów 28A i 28B (Ryc. 12:1). Stanowi on ciekawe połączenie stylistyki bałtyjskiej (zdobienie emalią) z „germańską” formą zapięcia. Niezbyt liczna ceramika znaleziona na cmentarzysku jest typowa dla kultury bogaczewskiej. Zwraca uwagę obecność w grobach drobnych fragmentów mis i kubków reprezentujących tzw. ceramikę stołową. Jest to, jak się wydaje, lokalna cecha obrządku pogrzebowego, obserwowana dotychczas jedynie na cmentarzyskach z tzw. skupienia rajgrodzkiego. <br></br> Szczegółowa analiza zabytków pozwoliła ustalić czas użytkowania zbadanej części cmentarzyska na okres od fazy od B2 do fazy C2 okresu wpływów rzymskich.
    The cemetery at Bargłów Dworny is located approx. 10 km to the SW of Augustów (Fig. 1). It was reported to the State Archaeological Museum in 1937. Rescue excavations were undertaken at the site first in 1939, under the supervision of Józef Marcinak, and then in 1969 and 1972, led by Marian Kaczyński. In total, an area of more than 900 m2 was excavated, and 37 Bogaczewo Culture graves were uncovered (Fig. 2). Unfortunately, most of them were severely damaged as a result of intense agricultural works. <br></br> Among the artefacts recovered during the excavations, there are several of local – limited to the Bogaczewo Culture – character as well as those typical of the entire West Balt cultural circle that deserve attention. The former group includes a triple-crested brooch of the Mazurian variant found in grave 7 (Fig. 6/7:1). It represents the second group of this fibula type, distinguished in this paper, which is characterised by a small protrusion in the upper part of the sleeve. Such specimens are found in the Bogaczewo Culture in phase C1a. The artefacts typical of the Bogaczewo Culture also include a figure-of-eight-shaped pendant of type A from grave 18B (Fig. 9:1) and two iron axes – one from grave 4B, the other a stray find (Fig. 5/4B:1, 16/03:5). These artefacts are dated to phases B2b and B2/C1. The other artefact group, of broader, West Balt character, is represented, among others, by an enamelled penannular brooch from grave 4A (Fig. 4/4A:1), two cuff bracelets of type A from the same feature (Fig. 4/4A:2.3) and a stray find of a small socketed axe (Fig. 15/02:1). The bracelets from grave 4A and the axe are dated to phase B2/C1–C1a and phase B2–B2/C1 respectively. <br></br> The Bargłów Dworny cemetery also yielded isolated imports from the areas of neighbouring cultures. A G.3 type belt buckle from grave 18A (Fig. 9/18:1) is probably of Przeworsk origin; it is dated to phase B2b and B2/C1. A stray find of a green bead of type TM183 (Fig. 15/02:2) is associated with the influence of the Wielbark Culture, in which such artefacts are often encountered in graves from phase C1. The bronze necklace separators from grave 1 (Fig. 3/1:3b) come from the Dollkeim-Kovrovo Culture, in the area of which they are found in assemblages from phases B2 and B2/C1. <br></br> A unique find is a fragmentarily preserved neck-ring discovered in the intermingled top layer of graves 28A and 28B (Fig. 12:1). It represents an interesting combination of Balt style (enamel decoration) with a “Germanic” form of the fastener. <br></br> The scarce pottery found at the site is typical of the Bogaczewo Culture. Of note is the presence in the graves of small sherds of bowls and mugs representing the so-called tableware. It seems to be a local feature of the funeral rite, to date observed only at cemeteries of the so-called Rajgród Group. <br></br> A comprehensive analysis of the artefacts allowed establishing that the excavated part of the cemetery was in use from phase B2 to phase C2 of the Roman Period.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2022, LXXIII, 73; 193-233
    0043-5082
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Alleged burial mounds from the late Roman Period at leśnictwo Sacharewo site 3, Białowieża Primeval Forest
    Autorzy:
    Krasnodębski, Dariusz
    Olczak, Hanna
    Mizerka, Jagoda
    Niedziółka, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1774807.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-29
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    cemetery
    mounds
    Roman Period
    Białowieża Primeval Forest
    Wielbark culture
    post-Zarubintsy culture
    Opis:
    The article presents results of excavations carried out at an alleged barrow cemetery located in the western part of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland. The site, discovered in 1996 and verified in 2016, consists of 10 mounds. In 2017, the first excavations were carried out when the mound no. 3, with a diameter of c. 9 m and a relative height of c. 0.7 m, located on the northern edge of the site, was chosen for research. In the mound 39 potsherds were found. The scarcity of ceramic material and the high degree of its fragmentation make the stylistic analysis difficult. The technological and stylistic features of the discussed pottery are typical for ceramics from a wide timespan, ranging from the Pre-Roman Period to the Late Roman Period. Their precise dating and cultural affiliation are difficult to determine due not only to the small size of the collection but also to the lack of well-dated comparative materials from the Białowieża Forest and its surroundings. A 14C analysis of charcoal obtained from the embankment of the mound yielded an approximation which fits between the second half of the 3rd century and the early 6th century. The cul- tural situation of north-eastern Poland in the Pre-Roman and Roman periods remains insufficiently recognised. Excavations carried out over the past dozen years have revealed many settlements related to the local culture group of the Hatched Pottery Culture and the Wielbark Culture, with some influences flowing from the postZarubintsy circle. In the course of the excavations, no human bones were found which would unambiguously confirm the sepulchral function of the mound. The Sacharewo mound is a part of a wider category of objects known from throughout the Białowieża Forest in which no bones were discovered but only fragments of clay vessels or charcoal layers.
    Źródło:
    Światowit; 2018, 57; 89-99
    0082-044X
    Pojawia się w:
    Światowit
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cmentarzysko kultury przeworskiej w Kurkach, pow. działdowski, stan. III
    Przeworsk Culture Cemetery at Kurki, Działdowo County, Site III
    Autorzy:
    Woźniak, Marcin
    Grabarek, Artur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048923.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    kultura przeworska
    okres wpływów rzymskich
    północne Mazowsze
    cmentarzysko
    Przeworsk Culture
    Roman Period
    northern Mazovia
    cemetery
    Opis:
    In 2009 and 2011, artefacts from destroyed graves from the Roman Period (Fig. 3) were accidentally discovered in the village of Kurki, Działdowo County (Fig. 1, 2). Archaeological excavations at the site took place in 2009 and 2011. They covered an area of about 500 m2 (Fig. 4, 5). A total of 33 archaeological features were discovered, including five graves from the Roman Period. The graves discovered at Kurki can be attributed to the Przeworsk Culture. They are all cremation burials. Feature 1 (Fig. 6) is a pit cremation burial with remains of a funeral pyre and several vessels (whole or in fragments) lying close to an urn covered (?) with another vessel. Such graves are commonly encountered in the region. Features 23 (Fig. 10, 11), 30 (Fig. 12) and presumably 10a (Fig. 9) are pit graves, with bone material scattered in the pits together with remnants of a funeral pyre. In feature 2 (Fig. 7, 8), human remains were located at the bottom of the pit and covered with three vessels placed upside down. Such an arrangement is characteristic of the graves of the Przeworsk Culture from northern Mazovia. Adult individuals were buried in features 1 and 2, and an older child or adolescent (9–15 years) was interred in feature 23; the sex and age of the person from feature 30 could not be determined. In the case of one grave (10a), osteological material could not be classified. Burnt animal bones were also recorded in two graves (2, 23). Grave goods were fairly modest. Clay vessels (whole or in fragments), usually secondarily burnt, were found in all graves. They mostly represent forms typical of the early Roman, northern Mazovian pottery of the Przeworsk Culture. They find numerous analogies at neighbouring cemeteries, e.g. at Niedanowo, Nidzica County, and Gródki, Działdowo County. Among the less typical forms, a footed cup (Fig. 6:3), a bowl with a low shoulder (Fig. 6:5), and a ribbed bowl imitating Roman glass vessels (Fig. 10:3) are worth mentioning. Other artefacts were registered in two graves only: lumps of melted glass, most probably from a melted glass vessel (Fig. 6:7), were found in the cinerary urn from feature 1, and an iron handle of an organic container was discovered in feature 30 (Fig. 12:4). The examined graves come from phases B1b–B2. The cemetery at Kurki belongs to the local Nidzica-Działdowo settlement cluster of the Przeworsk Culture (Fig. 13). Several sites of this group, most often cemeteries, are known in the vicinity. Most of them are poorly explored archaeologically or studied on a small scale; some are purely accidental discoveries (Kurki – Fig. 14; Rutkowice – Fig. 15).
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXXI, 71; 369-383
    0043-5082
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uwagi na temat rozplanowania przestrzennego cmentarzyska w Michałowicach. Możliwości interpretacji funkcji obiektów rowkowych
    Some remarks on the spatial arrangement of the Michałowice cemetery. Interpretation of the function of groove-type feature
    Autorzy:
    Zagórska-Telega, Joanna
    Pikulski, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584773.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    kultura przeworska
    okres wpływów rzymskich cmentarzysko
    obiekty rowkowe
    Przeworsk culture
    Roman Period
    cemetery
    groove-type features
    Opis:
    Spatial arrangement and development of cemeteries have long attracted the interest of archaeologists. One of the questions asked was whether the cemeteries developed in a planned manner and within a fixed space or, on the contrary, did they expand successively when necessary. The excavations conducted on the Przeworsk culture cemetery at Michałowice can perhaps provide new data for this discussion. The mentioned cemetery yielded 20 groove-type features characterised by a regular, rectangular shape. All these structures were oriented according to the four cardinal directions and arranged close to each other in rows along the north-south line. Along with groove-type features, an inhumation grave and cremation burials were discovered, both within the area encompassed by the arms of the grooves and outside it, and forming no detectable clusters. Based on the hitherto studies it can be assumed that groove-type features themselves were not graves, nor were they enclosures around the burials of high-ranking individuals. Their function was rather to delimit the area where the deceased belonging to one family or clan were buried, being a kind of “family quarters”. The burials proper might have been very shallow or even put on the surface, thus being prone to damage. At the same time, the arrangement of groove-type features in Michałowice around an empty central area seems planned rather than coincidental. It is also very likely that all these features were used simultaneously and over a longer period of time.
    Źródło:
    Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia; 2014, 60; 69-79
    0065-0986
    2451-0300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Niepublikowane materiały z cmentarzyska w Żukczynie, powiat gdański (dawn. Suckschin, Kr. Danziger Höhe) w świetle archiwum Józefa Kostrzewskiego
    Unpublished Material from the Cemetery at Żukczyn, Gdańsk County (fmr. Suckschin, Kr. Danziger Höhe) in Light of Józef Kostrzewski’s Archive
    Autorzy:
    Strobin, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Pomorze
    kultura oksywska
    kultura wielbarska
    cmentarzysko
    młodszy okres przedrzymski
    okres wpływów rzymskich
    Pomerania
    Oksywie Culture
    Wielbark Culture
    cemetery
    Late Pre-Roman Period
    Roman Period
    Opis:
    The scientific archive of Professor Józef Kostrzewski is kept in the collection of the C. Norwid Provincial and Municipal Public Library in Zielona Góra. Portfolio 13: Pomorze Gdańskie, okres lateński (Gdańsk Pomerania, La Tène Period) consists mostly of unpublished notes and sketches of artefacts, drawn by the researcher, related to archaeological discoveries at the cemeteries at Żukczyn (fmr. Gross Suckczin aka Suckschin), Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship (cards 568–604). The site at Żukczyn was mentioned in the literature several times. The first news about discoveries in the village comes from the end of the 19th century, when a sword and two spearheads from a cremation grave (Fig. 1) were presented to the Westpreußisches Provinzial-Museum. In 1901, further metal artefacts were collected from the surface of a field (Fig. 2, 3), and Dr. Paul Kumm, museum curator, carried out rescue excavations. As a result, 20 cremation graves were discovered (Fig. 4–11); grave goods, together with stray finds, were turned over to the museum in Gdańsk. In 1945, as a result of warfare, all artefacts from Żukczyn were destroyed or lost. The information from Kostrzewski’s archive indicates that 19 cremation graves and two pit burials (graves X and XI) were discovered at Żukczyn. A total of seven brooches, including types A, J, N (Fig. 4:b.c, 7:a–c) and presumably K (Fig. 4:d) came from graves and stray finds. Swords are represented by eight specimens: five double-edged with iron scabbards (Fig. 2:a.b.d, 3:a, 4:a.b) and three single-edged (Fig. 1, 2:a, 7:c). Two ring buckles (Fig. 3:c) and two hoops found with a sword and scabbard in grave II (Fig. 4:b) should be associated with a sword-belt. Parts of a shield – bosses and their rivets – came from two graves with weapons (Fig. 4:a.b); one boss was a stray find (Fig. 2:c). Spearheads were numerous (13 specimens) (Fig. 1, 2:b.c, 3:b, 4:b, 7:c, 8:b); some of them were decorated (Fig. 1, 2:c). In three cases, they were accompanied by butts (Fig. 3:c, 4:b, 7:c). Tools and utensils included knives (Fig. 4:a.b, 7:d), razors (Fig. 7:a, 8:b), scissors (Fig. 2:d) and pliers (Fig. 2:d). Pottery was discovered in all the graves. The vast majority are vessels of the Oksywie Culture (phases A2–A3); at least two vessels, from graves VI (Fig. 5:c) and XIV (Fig. 6:c), may come already from the Roman Period. The second stage of research at the cemetery at Żukczyn took place in the 1970s. At that time, 134 graves dating from phase A2 of the Late Pre-Roman Period to phase B2/C1 of the Roman Period were discovered. The entire material and documentation of these works are stored in the Archaeological Museum in Gdańsk. Unpublished information concerning the cemetery at Żukczyn, contained in Kostrzewski’s archive, is an important source that complements our knowledge about this necropolis. The inventory numbers of artefacts contained there are also important for attempts to restore former archaeological collections of the Museum in Gdańsk. Verification of sketches of artefacts drawn by Józef Kostrzewski with drawings included in Martin Jahn’s work, Herbert Jankuhn’s scientific archive (Fig. 11) as well as with photographs of artefacts from Żukczyn (cf. Fig. 10) yields positive results. This means that in his graphic documentation, Kostrzewski took into account characteristic and important features of artefacts, which further enhances the value of this source.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXXI, 71; 269-287
    0043-5082
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Grodzisk Mazowiecki, stan. X – cmentarzysko kultury grobów kloszowych i kultury przeworskiej
    Grodzisk Mazowiecki, site X – a Cemetery of the Cloche Grave and Przeworsk Cultures
    Autorzy:
    Kaczyński, Bartłomiej
    Woźniak, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2048846.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    wczesna epoka żelaza
    okres halsztacki
    okres wpływów rzymskich
    cmentarzysko
    kultura grobów kloszowych
    kultura przeworska
    Mazowsze
    Early Iron Age
    Hallstatt Period
    Roman Period
    cemetery
    Cloche Grave Culture
    Przeworsk Culture
    Masovia
    Opis:
    Site X, located in the centre of present-day Grodzisk Mazowiecki, was discovered at the beginning of 1959 during construction works carried out in the area of a former Jewish cemetery (Fig. 1, 2). As a result of accidental discoveries and one-day rescue excavations, a total of nine ancient graves (1–5, 7–10) were registered. Another one (6), located in a secondary deposit, was discovered about 50 m to the east in 1988 during earthworks at one of the factory buildings (Fig. 2). Artefacts from the cemetery are currently stored in three institutions, i.e. the Grodzisk Mazowiecki Cultural Centre, the Museum of Ancient Mazovian Metallurgy in Pruszków and the State Archaeological Museum in Warsaw. Due to the accidental nature of the discoveries, their only documentation are notes from archaeological interventions and entries on the artefact inventory cards drawn in 1959 (Fig. 4). The lack of sketches and field descriptions does not make it possible to reconstruct the location of the graves and significantly hinders analysis of the funeral rite. The long-term storage of the unstudied material negatively affected its condition – some of the artefacts and documents were lost. This study covers those artefacts that could be identified and combined into grave assemblages. The phase of use of the cemetery in the Early Iron Age is represented by six features: two cloche graves (Fig. 7, 10), three cloche or urn graves (Fig. 5, 6, 8) and one urn grave (Fig. 9). In most cases, the graves contained only pottery. Among the remains of at least 22 vessels, 18 could be typologically identified per the classification of T. Węgrzynowicz30, including ten pots (A1), representing four types and/or variants: I var. b (Fig. 10:2), III var. c (Fig. 7:2), III (Fig. 19:5), V var. c (Fig. 5:1, 6:2, 9:1, 10:1), V (Fig. 6:1, 8:2) VI var. c (Fig. 19:6). Seven bowls (B1) were classified as types: I var. c (Fig. 7:3, 8:4, 9:2, 10:3, 19:4), I var. d (Fig. 8:1), V var. c (Fig. 7:1). There was also one mug (B2) of type I var. b (Fig. 19:3). The vessels represent forms commonly found at Cloche Grave Culture cemeteries in Mazovia and Podlachia. The vessels with quite rare stamped impressions with a marked centre, made with a straw (Fig. 20), stand out in terms of ornamentation. Decoration on the urn from grave 6, made with polygonal stamps with a marked centre (Fig. 10:2), is completely unique. It was presumably made with lignified stems of field plants. Non-ceramic artefacts: bronze lumps, bronze wire and a fragment of a corroded iron sheet (Fig. 7:4.5), originally probably small items of adornment or tools, were only recorded in three graves (3, 5, 6). Skeletal remains were only preserved in three graves. Anthropological analysis showed that the bones of an adult man were interred in grave 2, of a seven-year-old child and an adult in grave 3, and of an adult woman (?) in ‘grave’ 6. The cloche graves cemetery at site X in Grodzisk Mazowiecki is located in the eastern part of the Łowicz-Błonie Plain – an area distinguished by intense settlement of the Pomeranian Cloche Grave circle45. Features of the pottery indicate that the cemetery functioned mainly in phase Ib after M. Andrzejowska53, i.e. approximately at the end of Ha D – the beginning of the so-called older Pre-Roman Period. Four graves are associated with the use of the cemetery in the Roman Period – most likely one pit (grave 7) and three urn burials, including one (grave 9) in which the cinerary urn was covered with another vessel (Fig. 13). The remains of a woman were deposited in grave 8; bones from other graves were not preserved or could not be identified. Grave-goods consisted of 24 non-ceramic objects, including: a bronze brooch (Fig. 13:3), probably a strongly profiled one of the Mazovian variety55; two iron buckles (Fig. 14:3.4.4a), including type D1 after R. Madyda-Legutko57; a bronze strap-end (Fig. 13:4), similar to type 1/6 of group I after R. Madyda-Legutko64; a rectangular bronze belt fitting (Fig. 19:1); remains of an iron razor (Fig. 15:6); three straight iron knives (Fig. 15:3–5); a one-piece antler comb, type Thomas AI68 (Fig. 12:1); (Fig. 12:2); a sandstone whetstone (Fig. 14:5); a double-edged iron sword (Fig. 18:1.1a) of the Canterbury-Kopki72 type or the Canterbury-Mainz variant of the Lauriacum-Hromówka73 type; two iron shield bosses and a bronze shield fitting (lost); four spearheads of types: L/2 (Fig. 18:6.6a), V/2 (Fig. 18:3), II/2 (Fig. 18:2) and XIII (Fig. 18:7) after P. Kaczanowski85–87; aa bow-shaped spur (Fig. 18:5) of type C1b after J. Ginalski95; a chair-shaped spur (Fig. 18:4.4a), similar to type IIc after E. Roman97; remains of a bronze bucket with iron handle of the Östland/Eggers 39–40107 type (Fig. 15:1.2, 16, 17). Of the six clay vessels, five can be typologically identified; they belong to types I/2 (Fig. 14:1), II/1 (Fig. 11:1, 14:2), III (Fig. 13:2) and V (Fig. 12:1) in the classification of T. Liana113. The richest burial at the cemetery, as well as in the area between the Bzura, the Rawka and the Vistula, is grave 10 (Fig. 14–18). It is distinguished by an imported bronze vessel and an exceptionally large number of elements of weaponry (two bosses, four spearheads), testifying to the above-average social position of the deceased. A. Niewęgłowski134 suggested that two warriors were buried in the grave; however, the thesis cannot be verified due to the inability to identify burned bones from this feature. Although isolated graves with larger than standard weaponry sets, including ones containing two shield bosses or several spearheads, are known from Przeworsk Culture cemeteries, they are not frequent. Östland-type vessels are among the Roman bronze vessels most frequently encountered in barbarian Europe. In western Mazovia, imported bronze vessels are relatively rare. The burials from the Przeworsk Culture cemetery are from the Early Roman Period. Grave 10 is dated to stage B2a, grave 9 to phases B2b–B2/C1, grave 8 to phases B2b–C1a, and grave 7 only broadly to phases B1–B2. The cemetery is located within a dense, west-Masovian cluster of Przeworsk Culture settlement, which also included an iron metallurgy centre142. The cemetery at site X in Grodzisk Mazowiecki is one of the many Masovian necropoles used by the population of the Cloche Grave and Przeworsk Cultures152. Even though the mutual chronological relations of the Cloche Grave and Przeworsk assemblages exclude a hypothesis about continuous use of the cemetery by the population of both cultures, it should be remembered that the site has only been partially explored. Unfortunately, the area of the cemetery is currently heavily urbanised and partly overlaps with a former Jewish cemetery, where excavations are forbidden (Fig. 3). This prevents any archaeological research, and thus possible determination of the original range of the cemetery and examination of its structure.
    Źródło:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne; 2020, LXXI, 71; 289-318
    0043-5082
    Pojawia się w:
    Wiadomości Archeologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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