Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "Teutonic Order" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23
Tytuł:
Święci jako patronowie obiektów sakralnych w państwie zakonnym w Prusach – na przykładzie miast
Saints as patrons of the sacral objects in the cities in the state of the Teutonic Order
Autorzy:
Rozynkowski, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-12
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne Diecezji Elbląskiej w Elblągu
Tematy:
patronage
saints
Teutonic Order
Prussia
Opis:
The author discusses the medieval practice in the State of the Teutonic Order of placing sacral objects, especially parish and monastic churches, cathedrals and hospital chapels, under patronage of selected saints. Though there was nothing exceptional about it in the Christian Europe, the choice of saints, dependent on their particular traits and popularity, is interesting. Among the most popular ones were, of course, the Holy Virgin Mary, venerated especially by the Cistersians and Dominicans, St George, St John the Evangelist and St Nicholas – the latter being the patron of merchants and sailors. It may be safely said that local cults correlated to a large degree with the presence or absence of particular religious orders in the area, with their preferences as to the patronage of certain saints over others. One of the most widely known saints in Europe was undoubtedly St James, especially along the popular pilgrimage route from Prussia to Santiago de Compostella. St Adalbert of Prague also deserves special mention, especially for his mission and martyrdom in Prussia.
Źródło:
Studia Elbląskie; 2014, 15; 9-19
1507-9058
Pojawia się w:
Studia Elbląskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prozopografia pruskiej gałęzi zakonu niemieckiego w pierwszej połowie XIV wieku. Uwagi krytyczne na marginesie książki Norberta Delestowicza
Prosopography of the Prussian Branch of the Teutonic Order in the First Half of the 14th Century: Critical Remarks on the Book by Norbert Delestowicz
Autorzy:
Krajniak, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32388146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Teutonic Order
Teutonic Knights
Prussia
late Middle Ages
prosopography
Opis:
The book by Norbert Delestowicz on members of the Teutonic Order in the first half of the 14th century was highly anticipated within the scholarly community, and the research conducted by the historian from Poznań seemed promising. Until now, comprehensive biographies were prepared only for the representatives of the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order, who appeared in primary sources up to 1309. In his endeavour to bridge this historiographical gap, the author of the reviewed book undertook an extensive effort to create a collective portrait of the analysed group and to construct several hundred biographies of Teutonic knights, priests, and sariant-brothers. However, the laborious task of accurately collecting and organising the vast amount of source material posed numerous challenges for the author, leading to evident shortcomings. This discussion article aims to highlight various errors that can be found throughout the book, including those in the general chapters, individual biographies, and the appended lists of Teutonic officials and convent members. Many of these errors suggest the disorder that prevailed during the creation of different parts of the book, as well as shortcomings stemming from incomplete or inadequate use of available primary sources and relevant scholarly publications. Regrettably, the extent of identified deficiencies prevents us from considering the reviewed monograph as a fully successful scholarly publication.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2023, 88, 4; 119-156
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Einstellung der bevölkerung Preussens zur herrschaft der Ordensritter
Attitude of the population of Prussia to the reign of the Teutonic Knights
Autorzy:
Ekdahl, Sven
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1065305.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych
Tematy:
Zakon krzyżacki
Grunwald
Prusy
Teutonic Order
Prussia
Opis:
The history of the Lizard Union proves existance of strong opposition against the rule of the Teutonic Knights even before its defeat at the battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg). That hostile attitude was clearly expressed when several banners of Chełmno Lands (banner – unit of the cavalry) left the battlefield on July 15, 1410 by the end of the battle. Moreover, a country knights took over the town and castle of Ostróda for the Polish king to help him to march to Marienburg. Other knights, among them Nicolaus of Renis (Mikołaj z Ryńska), planned to take the Marienburg in a similar manner. In this context it has to be pointed out that the country's nobility of Chełmno Lands was not required to fight outside its borders for the Order after the privilege for Chełmno of 1233. Participation in military campaigns beyond the Vistula River and its tributaries Drewenz and Ossa was performed voluntarily and those who were taking part received from the Order payment and compensation for all incurred losses. The following campaigns can be set as an examples: Samaiten 1402, Gotland 1404 and Dobrzyń 1409. At the end of 1410 a cash payment of 4,000 marks was made on the orders of the Grand Master for Chełmno Lands. The sum, which was the equivalent of about 300 war horses, was not completely used what deeply disappointed the knights who valued higher their losses. An open question remains concerning to what extent that special arrangement for the Chełmno Lands had impact on the behavior of parts of their chivalry in the battle of Grunwald. Similar agreements were also held with the knights in Warmia and in the New March (Neumark); they could also be used for military service outside their borders only voluntary under the above enumerated conditions. This became a problem for the Teutonic Order and often led to annoyance particularly with the nobles in the New March. The four bishops of Pomesania, Warmia, Chełmno Lands and Kulm paid homage to the Polish king after the battle of Grunwald, as did the abbess of St. Bridget in Gdańsk who wrote a request for assistance to Władysław Jagiello slightly after the Polish-Lithuanian victory. Her wishes were promptly answered in the affirmative manner on 6th August. The case of Bishop Heinrich Vogelsang of Warmia is of particular interest because he set out for Poland in late September or early October and was therefore considered by the Teutonic Order as a traitor. Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen sought long in vain to replace him with a supporter of the Teutonic Order. The major cities in Prussia seemed to have an ambivalent attitude towards the heavy defeat of the Knights. According to the messages that reached the Bishop of Poznan on July 29 and briefly after, the inhabitants of Thorn beheaded their komtur and killed 50 Order soldiers. A similar fate suffered other Order soldiers in Gdansk mid-August. The city Elblag apologized later for paying the homage to the Polish king using as an excuse the fact that the German Order prohibited repeatedly to repair the damaged city walls. In the general analysis of this issue the following questions are worth answering: How different were the reactions of the inhabitants of Prussia to the changing military and political situation after the battle of Grunwald? Can the different forms of behavior be recognized depending on social class? And were the numerous tributes the result of desperation and seeing the situation as "hopeless" or rather an expression of long-suppressed resentment of Teutonic Order’s authority?
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica; 2016, 23; 109-114
0860-1054
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dienerzy w służbie zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach w drugiej połowie XIV – pierwszej połowie XV wieku. Liczebność, utrzymanie, zakwaterowanie
Dieners in the Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the Second Half of the 14th Century – the First Half of the 15th Century: the Group Size, Maintenance, Accommodation
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1075898.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Middle Ages
topography
Teutonic castles
Prussia
servants
the Teutonic Order
Opis:
In the late medieval Monastic State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia dieners were people who came from knightly families (not infrequently from beyond the territory of Prussia) and were maintained by Teutonic dignitaries and officials (they were provided with accommodation, food, clothes and pay) in exchange for the diplomatic, military-knightly and courtly service (the participation in military actions, the manning of castles, transporting information, the defence of envoys and guests, the examination of the territory occupied by the enemy, the participation in corteges, etc.). In the first half of the 15th century (the available data refers only to this period of time), every high Teutonic official, commander and Vogt had even a few dozens of dieners at their disposal, except extraordinary situations such as the manning of frontier castles in Klaipėda and Dybów. In the whole territory of the Teutonic State in Prussia there might have been about 450–500 dieners at that time. The source analysis conducted here which concerned the castles in Malbork, Świecie, Elbląg and Brandenburg allow us to state that dieners were provided with the accommodation in the buildings situated in the outer wards of the castles. They were given rooms (chambers) exclusively for their use or individual rooms in infirmaries of dieners/servants. As may be inferred from the relatively numerous sources in the Malbork castle they were accommodated on the ground floor in the southern part of the eastern wing of the first internal ward, in the infirmaries next to the Church of St. Lawrence (the southern wing of the first internal ward). In Konigsberg the solution was quite exceptional. Dieners residing there were allowed to have their residential space within the outer wards of the castle (which cannot be proved), but the infirmary where they resided was situated in the territory of the so called wolnizna [Burgfreihei], in the north of the north-east part of the outer ward.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2018, 83, 1; 7-37
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Vom Ordensland zum Herzogtum. Religiöse Überzeugung oder politisches Kalkül des Hochmeisters Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach?
From the state of the Teutonic Order to the duchy: religious beliefs or a political calculation of Grand Master Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach?
Autorzy:
Arnold, Udo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194226.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Teutonic Order
Prussia
Reformation
Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach
Opis:
The article underlines the fact that Prussia became Protestant prior to Saxony (considered to be the “mother country of the Reformation”) and other German states. After the end of the Thirteen Years’ War one of the problems constituted the relations between the Grand Master and the Polish King as they went beyond the area of politics affecting also religion and law. Having been elected Grand Master Albrecht Hohenzollern introduced significant changes in the political system of the state. He was related to King Sigismund the Old thanks to his mother, who was Sigismund’s sister. It was unusual for the Teutonic Order to have elected twenty-one-year-old Albrecht to be Grand Master as normally the tendency was to appoint the most respectable member of the Order. Albrecht Hohenzollern launched many reforms the aim of which was to centralize the Teutonic administration. Gradually, the corporate style of management was being transformed into a one-person leadership. Albrecht Hohenzollern also planned to carry out religious reforms. That is why he tried to contact Martin Luther. He attempted to establish the first contact with Luther in the years 1521–1522. The next attempt was made by Martin Luther. In 1523 Luther wrote a letter to the Teutonic Order, where he suggested the rejection of the principle of purity and taking over the lands in hereditary ownership by Teutonic brothers as it was done by noble families. In practice, it would have meant the liquidation of the Order. Albrecht refused to accept the ideas, which did not mean that he disliked Luther. Albrecht met Luther at the end of 1523 in Wittenberg. Luther repeated his guidelines to make the Teutonic state a secular duchy. In May 1524 there was another meeting. Taking into account the political situation at that time, the political isolation of the Teutonic Order and the threat to become subjected to Poland, Albrecht decided to convert into Lutheranism. In this way, he made himself independent of the Pope and in the long run he could set up the foundations to make himself less and less dependent on Catholic Poland. Owing to secularization, Albrecht saved his personal rule and transformed the monastic state into the first Protestant European country.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 2; 21-40
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O strażnicy krzyżackiej w Jegławkach
On the Teutonic Order’s watchtower in Jegławki
Autorzy:
Białuński, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049858.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-24
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
fortyfikacje
Jegławki
Prusy
Zakon Krzyżacki
fortifications
Prussia
Teutonic Order
Opis:
Ostatnio ponownie wprowadzono do literatury i potocznego obiegu istnienie zamku krzyżackiego w Jegławkach (Jäglack). Ów domniemany krzyżacki zameczek miał zostać zniszczony dopiero podczas tzw. najazdów tatarskich w czasie drugiej wojny północnej (1655–1660), a na jego miejscu powstał nowożytny pałac, którego obecna bryła pochodzi z XIX w. Ta w zasadzie pojedyncza informacja zaistniała już w historiografii, zwłaszcza popularnonaukowej, ale też naukowej, nie wspominając szerzej o Internecie. Można mieć jednocześnie poważne wątpliwości co do identyfikacji wspomnianego obiektu pałacowego w Jegławkach jako zamku krzyżackiego. Stąd zasadne wydaje się jak najszybsze zweryfikowanie tej informacji i ewentualne jej sprostowanie.
Recently, the existence of the Teutonic Order’s castle in Jegławki (Jäglack) has been reintroduced into the scholarly literature. This alleged castle was to be destroyed only during the so-called Tatar invasions during the Second Northern War (1655–1660), and in its place a modern palace was built, the present shape of which dates back to the nineteenth century. This single piece of information has already appeared in the historiography, especially in popular research, but also in academic works, not to mention online. At the same time, one can have serious doubts as to the identification of the aforementioned palace in Jegławki as a Teutonic Order castle. Hence, it seems justified to verify this information as soon as possible and correct it, if necessary.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2021, 315; 251-259
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chronologia wznoszenia krzyżackiego murowanego zamku prokuratorskiego w Nidzicy w świetle źródeł pisanych
The Chronology of Erecting the Teutonic Brick Pfleger Castle in Nidzica in the Light of Written Sources
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197805.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Teutonic Order
Prussia
castle construction
administration
late Middle Ages
Opis:
The erection of the brick castle of the Teutonic Order in Nidzica (border territory of the state of the Teutonic Order with Mazovia), intended as the seat of the Teutonic pfleger, directly subordinate to the commander of Ostróda, began at the end of the 14th century. The castle has so far been studied almost solely by historians of art, who were not entirely familiar with the numerous medieval written sources that referred to it. The analysis of the records (documents, correspondence, bills, stock lists) carried out in this article provides answers to two key questions. First, the brick castle of the Teutonic pfleger in Nidzica, which has survived to this day, was built in the period of 1399–1409, contrary to the suggestions of previous researchers, who dated it about 20 years earlier. The main (western) wing was completed in 1405. In the following years, intensive construction work was carried out on the other three wings of the main castle and the surrounding defensive curtain wall (and possibly the outer bailey). In March 1409, the first mention of a Teutonic pfleger appeared in the sources, and the newly built castle became his headquarters. Secondly, the earlier wood-earthen fortress (probably erected in the 1350s) was placed in a different location, which is still unrecognized today.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2022, 87, 3; 5-22
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Von Preußen ins Reich. Der Burgdorfer Krieg und die Heimatreise der einfachen Ordensbrüder Rudolf und Konrad von Kyburg aus dem Jahre 1383
From Prussia to the Reich: The Burgdorf War and the Journey Home by Two Ordinary Teutonic Knights – Rudolf and Konrad von Kyburg in 1383
Autorzy:
Gotówko, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1058556.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
journeys
travel expenses
Teutonic Order
Teutonic Knights
Prussia
Switzerland
Burgdorf War
late Middle Ages
Opis:
Not many primary sources document the lives of ordinary Teutonic Knights who were not among the highest officials of the Order. Therefore, the preserved mentions from the town of Burgdorf, modern-day Switzerland, prove to be of great importance. These refer to two Teutonic Knights, Konrad and Rudolf von Kyburg, who returned to their homeland during the summer of 1383. It is all the more interesting due to the fact that the older of the two – Konrad – was referred to in a document of 1375 as an ordinary Teutonic Knight staying in Balga. His younger brother is also likely to have served in the Teutonic Order in Prussia. The reason for their journey home was the Burgdorf War, which was started in November of 1382 by their nephew Rudolf II von Kyburg, who made an unsuccessful attempt at capturing the town of Solothurn. It resulted in a conflict with Bern, which was the most powerful city in that region. The return of Konrad and Rudolf to their homeland would not have been possible without the approval of their superiors, including the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order. The scarce primary sources that were preserved indicate that the two Teutonic Knights tried to alleviate the conflict by diplomatic means, however, without success. They were given a certain amount of time before they were obliged to return to Prussia. The issue of financing the journey is really interesting. Even though the presence of the two Teutonic Knights was certainly beneficial for the von Kyburg family, it is highly unlikely that the relatives covered their travel expenses, as the family had been impoverished long before the war even began, and it needed to allocate all the available resources for the defense of the ancestral castle. Thus, the Teutonic Order was forced, against its thirteenth-century rules, not only to approve but also finance the purely private journey of its two longtime members to their homeland.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 1; 5-27
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kariera Michała Küchmeistra w zakonie krzyżackim w Prusach do 1410 roku
The Career of Michael Küchmeister in the Teutonic Order in Prussia until 1410
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Teutonic Order
Prussia
Michael Küchmeister
territorial authority
administration
late Middle Ages
Opis:
The analysis of primary sources presented in this article determines that the career of Michael Küchmeister in the administrative structures of the State of the Teutonic Order in Prussia until 1410 at certain points significantly differed from what the scholarly literature previously assumed. His first office to appear in primary sources was the castle commander of the Commandry of Rhein, newly established in 1394. After that territorial administration unit was dissolved in 1397, Küchmeister held other offices in the Commandry of Balga, such as the companion of a local commander and the Pfleger of Rastenburg. However, in 1400 he certainly was not the Schäffer of Elbing. Immediately before the end of June 1402, Küchmeister was appointed the Großschäffer of Königsberg. Most likely he held this office until the end of September 1404. From this moment, he was probably the Pfleger of Gerdauen for a year and then in September 1405, he was granted the office of a Vogt in Samogitia which had been re-conquered by the Teutonic Order. He stayed there until August 1409. In September 1409, by command of Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen, he set out on a diplomatic mission to Hungary. Unfortunately, there is no record of his actions in the period of six months between August 1409 and April 1410. At the end of April 1410, he was appointed the Vogt in the Teutonic Neumark. The further steps in the career of Küchmeister, who eventually reached the office of the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order in January 1414, are well known.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 4; 55-69
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Topografia i układ przestrzenny krzyżackiego zamku komturskiego w Toruniu w świetle średniowiecznych źródeł pisanych
Topography and spatial layout of the castle of the Teutonic commander in Toruń in the light of the medieval written sources
Autorzy:
Jóźwiak, Sławomir
Trupinda, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1193981.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
the Middle Ages
medieval architecture in Prussia
the Teutonic Order
Prussia
Teutonic castles
castle
Opis:
The information included in the medieval written sources enrich our knowledge about the Toruń castle destroyed in 1454. The construction of the part of the defensive walls (made from stone?) lasted at least from 1255. In 1262 the stronghold in its original form had been already erected. In the subsequent years (1263) works took place to construct its interiors (at least a chapel located on the first floor in the eastern part of the southern wing). The main octagonal tower situated in the northern part of the courtyard of the High Castle was frequently mentioned in the medieval written sources (starting from 1381). However, it must have been erected earlier. The information about buildings located beyond the space of the High Castle is particularly interesting. The buildings included the „gemach” of the commander (with a chapel, refectory and a kitchen) in the northern part of the western outer bailey, the „gemach” of the castle’s commander – probably in the vicinity (it was created later – after 1409) and the „summer house” („somerhaws”) with the „summer hall” („aula estivalis”) existing since at least the 1380s and situated in the southern part of the western Low Castle. Among other buildings recorded in the medieval written sources there were also the „gemach” of the Teutonic head of the mint („Münzmeister”) located next to the western defensive wall of the Low Castle; the „gemach” of the steward of Königsberg (Kaliningrad, Russia) mentioned from the end of the 14th century and situated probably in the western part of the Low Castle; the building of the infirmary which might have been located in the north-east part of the Low Castle. In the topography of the castle there were also outbuildings. For example, at least two mills were situated within the defensive walls probably in the eastern part of the Low Castle. To sum up, the medieval written sources present a picture of a complex construction of the Toruń castle.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 3; 7-35
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Qui bona fide a non domino emit. Digesta justyniańskie jako prawny punkt odniesienia w sporze gminy miejskiej z władcą zwierzchnim w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
Qui bona fide a non domino emit: Justinian’s Digest as the Legal Reference Point in the Conflict between the Urban Municipality and its Ruler in Prussia in the Late Middle Ages
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194315.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Late Middle Ages
Prussia
the Teutonic Order
Elbląg
towns
Roman law
conflicts
Opis:
The article addresses the conflict generated in the last decade of the 13th century between the Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order and the city of Elbląg. The analysis of the preserved sources allowed us to show the dynamics of the conflict, in which the authorities of Elbląg appealed not only to Canon law, but also to the norms of Roman civil law included in the Digesta (Pandects) of Justinian. It was an untypical conduct for then Prussian circumstances. On 16 August 1300 in Paris, the authorities of Elbląg obtained a legal interpretation concerning several controversial matters issued by two well-known lawyers – the advisor to King Philip IV of France, Pierre de Belleperche and Hugo de Besancon. The ruling was based on the interpretation of the sentence by Ulpian Domitius (Digesta 32,2,13). One of the problems addressed in the interpretation was the range of the military duties falling to Elbląg’s burghers regarding the Teutonic Order. The authorities of Elbląg endeavoured to find a legal explanation to support their negative attitude towards the Teutonic Order’s new practice of summoning new military contingents from the city of Elblag to take part in military activities undertaken by the Teutonic Order in the remote eastern edges of the Prussian Land. The legal opinion issued by both lawyers from Paris was favourable for the inhabitants of Elbląg, as it was stipulated that any decision about summoning was the jurisdiction of the Schultheiß (scultetus) elected by the city council. It is difficult to establish what the actual role of the opinion issued by the Paris lawyers was in the conflict between Elbląg and the Teutonic Order, but the mere fact that Elbląg’s burghers’ asked these lawyers in Paris for help indicates that the inhabitants of Elbląg at the end of the 13th century were not only affluent merchants, but also people with an ambition to exercise power. Such ambitions were supported by the authorities of the city, characterised by wide intellectual and cultural horizons. The actions undertaken by the inhabitants of Elbląg addressed in the article remain one of the very few examples of recourse to the ancient system of Roman law in a conflict concerning a particular local law (in this case the law of the city of Lübeck).
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2017, 82, 3; 7-30
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
W sprawie lasów i leśnictwa w południowo-wschodnich Mazurach od XIV do początku XVIII wieku
On forests and forestry in south-eastern Masuria from the 14th to the beginning of the 18th century
Autorzy:
Białuński, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2049829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-24
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
leśnictwo
Mazury
osadnictwo
Prusy
zakon krzyżacki
forestry
Masuria
settlement
Prussia
Teutonic Order
Opis:
Dzieje lasów w Prusach otrzymały co prawda fundamentalne opracowanie pióra F. Magera, ale nadal pewne szczegóły pozostają nie wyjaśnione. Uboga jak do tej pory jest polska literatura na ten temat. Najpoważniejsze okazuje się ostatnie omówienie T. Brzeczkowskiego. Niniejsza praca też nie stanowi kompletnego obrazu tej tematyki, raczej są to szczegółowe uwagi uzupełniające dotychczasową historiografię. Podstawą rozważań jest obszar dwóch starostw w południowo-wschodnich Mazurach – starostwo leckie (tj. giżyckie) i ryńskie. Uwagi obejmują okres od XIV do początków XVIII w., opierają się głównie na źródłach archiwalnych z dawnego archiwum królewieckiego.
The history of forests in Prussia was the focus of a major study by F. Mager, but still some details remain unclear. The Polish literature on this subject has thus far been limited. The last discussion by T. Brzeczkowski was the most serious. This study does not provide a complete picture of the subject, but rather includes detailed comments supplementing the existing historiography. The basis for the considerations is the area of two elderships in south-eastern Masuria – the Lec (ie Giżycko) and Ryn elderships. The notes cover the period from the 14th to the beginning of the 18th century, and are mainly based on archival sources from the former Königsberg archives.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2021, 315; 22-40
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Negotiations Leading to the Second Peace of Toruń
Rokowania prowadzące do zawarcia drugiego pokoju toruńskiego
Autorzy:
Szweda, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1194009.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
Polska
Prussia
the Teutonic Order
the Thirteen Years’ War
negotiations,
treaty documents
Opis:
Od pierwszych miesięcy trwania wojny trzynastoletniej odbywały się rozmowy, których celem było znalezienie pokojowego rozwiązania. Ich przebieg był warunkowany z jednej strony rozwojem działań wojennych, z drugiej – różnymi oczekiwaniami walczących stron. Zakon krzyżacki od początku prezentował stanowisko legalistyczne, odmawiając ustępstw, co zmieniło się dopiero po kolejnych klęskach i stratach terytorialnych. Stany pruskie uznające władzę króla domagały się całkowitego usunięcia Zakonu z Prus, natomiast elity polskie przejawiały chęć kompromisu. Z szeregu negocjacji wyróżnić można rozmowy w Kobelgrubbe w 1465 r., prowadzone w dużej mierze między przedstawicielami stanów – podległych królowi i wielkiemu mistrzowi. Pokazały one niemożność wewnątrzpruskiego porozumienia na późnym etapie konfliktu. Ostateczne porozumienie zostało zaprzysiężone przez obu panujących, obecnych podczas finalnej fazy negocjacji, co nadało porozumieniu obowiązującą moc prawną, jeszcze przed wymianą głównych dokumentów traktatowych.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2016, 81, 4; 31-46
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dokument dotyczący Bezławek z 1409 ROKU
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1364924.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Instytut Północny im. Wojciecha Kętrzyńskiego w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Late Middle Ages
Teutonic Order
rural settlements
Freien
Bezławki (formerly Bäslack)
Prussia
Opis:
The presented contribution contains a discussion and a version of the document on the Bezławki settlement (Germ. Bäslack) dated 29 June 1409. This source survived only as a 16th-century copy included in a larger notebook with excerpts of documents confirming the bestowal of lands, estate sale and purchase transactions and land borders within the Rastenburg Hauptamt. Next to information relevant to the history of Bezławki and the nearby settlements, the discussed document also presents the manner of creating dependencies between the less affluent and the rich landowners belonging to the group of the so-called free men (Germ. Freien). As a result, it illustrates the mediatisation process, which is rather poorly confirmed by source documents and virtually non-researched for Prussia of the 1st half of the 15th century.
Źródło:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie; 2020, 307, 1; 147-153
0023-3196
2719-8979
Pojawia się w:
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Budownictwo warowne jako narzędzie intensyfikacji władztwa na obrzeżach kraju. Casus Bezławek w późnośredniowiecznych Prusach
Constructing Strongholds as a Means of Strengthening Territorial Authority on Peripheries: The Case of the Castle in Bäslack (Bezławki) in Late Medieval Prussia
Autorzy:
Kwiatkowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1913066.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe w Toruniu
Tematy:
late Middle Ages
Prussia
Ermland
Warmia
Teutonic Order
castles
territorial authority
fortifications
conflicts
colonisation
Opis:
The article concerns the chronological framework and circumstances of constructing a castle of the Teutonic Order in Bäslack (Bezławki). The research was based on written, mainly manuscript, primary sources. A detailed analysis has been made of the colonisation carried out by the Teutonic Order in the lower and middle course of the Dajna River, where this castle was built, in the region of Barten (Bartia). The analysis made it possible to date back the chronology of constructing the stronghold to the 1370s. It was also argued that the direct reason for erecting the castle was the conflict of the Bishop of Ermland (Warmia) Johann II Stryprock with the Teutonic Order, which had been escalating in the 1360s, and which ended only in 1374/1375. On the one hand, the construction of the castle in Bäslack was to symbolically emphasise the dominant position of the Teutonic Order in Prussia and its supremacy over the dominion of the bishops of Ermland. On the other hand, it was to serve as a tangible demarcation of the territory which was directly under the rule of the Teutonic Order in the region, where the border between the lands controlled by the Teutonic Knights and by the bishops of Ermland had not been firmly established, which was one of the causes of the aforementioned conflict.
Źródło:
Zapiski Historyczne; 2021, 86, 3; 81-116
0044-1791
2449-8637
Pojawia się w:
Zapiski Historyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 23

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies