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    Tytuł:
    Political borders in Polish territory according to the Soviet atlas of 1940
    Autorzy:
    Eberhardt, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/92560.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Oddział Kartograficzny Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego
    Tematy:
    Karmannyj Atlas Mira
    border
    Polska
    Molotov-Ribbentrop pact
    Opis:
    The author presents Karmannyj Atlas Mira (Pocket Atlas of the World) which was published in Leningrad in 1940. It shows political borders existing in Polish territory at that time. Those borders resulted from the Soviet-German agreement reached in August and September 1939 in Moscow (the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact). On the maps in the Atlas the territories of central Poland are described as “Oblast Gosudarstvennych Interesov Germanii” (Area of the National Interest of Germany). The maps were reprinted in the article in the original version and underwent a historical, political and geographical analysis.
    Źródło:
    Polish Cartographical Review; 2019, 51, 4; 207-214
    2450-6974
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Cartographical Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przeobrażenia demograficzne w Polsce i na Ukrainie w okresie transformacji ustrojowej
    Demographic Transformations in Poland and the Ukraine in the Period of Political Transformation
    Autorzy:
    Eberhardt, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1856479.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Polska
    Ukraina
    demografia
    przemiany
    Polska
    the Ukraine
    demography
    transformations
    Opis:
    The paper seeks to compare the demographic situation in Poland with that which is in the Ukraine. The statistical analysis takes into consideration the last decade of the 20th century, that is the period in which in both countries there were great socio-economical transformations. Before evaluating the ongoing process some demographic tendencies have been outlined, the tendencies that undergo now in Central-East Europe, the demographic dynamism during the last 50 years in Poland and the Ukraine has been shown. The evolution of demographic transformations during the communist regime was in both countries convergent, although the social transformations in the Ukraine were faster in the Ukraine than in Poland. The prognoses from the turn of the 1980s and 1990s did not predict any essential changes. It was expected that natural growth would stabilise at a (not high) level, a level that would gurantee small growth of population. It turned out, however, that political transformations had unexpectedly brought about demographic repercussions. The results of statistic analysis have proved that between 1990 and 2000 the rate of births in both countries was successively going down. At the same time the rate of deaths in the Ukraine considerably increased. This had resulted in a demographic regress in the Ukraine and the stabilisation of the rate of population in Poland. The number of population in the Ukraine had decreased by ca. 3.000.000 in the period between 1990 and 2000, whereas in Poland it became stable at 38.600.000 with a tendency to go down. The demographic tendencie revealed in the 1990s both in Poland and the Ukraine manifest permanence. Consequently, the hitherto prognoses with respect to the future have gone out of date. New trends of transformations show that the number of the population in the Ukraine will systematically go down. The demographic situation of Poland is more difficult to predict, but presumably it will reach the de-population stage and the people will grow old fast.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2004, 32, 1; 173-186
    0137-4176
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Problematyka demograficzna Polski
    The Demographic Problem of Poland
    Autorzy:
    Eberhardt, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1849501.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-05-12
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Polska
    ludność
    prognozy demograficzne
    Polska
    population
    demographic prognoses
    Opis:
    The introductory part of the paper focuses on the demographic transformations in Poland in the first half of the twentieth century. The evolution of natural movement has been especially stressed here. In that period, the population of Poland had a very high birth rate. It followed from the dwindling but always high number of births, and the lowering death rate. The political and military events of the First and Second World Wars had brought about essential consequences. Especially the Second World War was fraught with consequences. As a result of demographic losses and changes of borders, the population of Poland diminished from 34.8 million (1939) to 23.9 million (1946). Then for a dozen of so years compensatory processes took place, which have recompensed the war losses. During further decades we dealt with a constant fall of the birth rate. It resulted from a diminished number of children. In the beginning of the 1990s, the population of Poland reached 38 million of inhabitants. The political transformation that took place in the last decade of the twentieth century have brought about far-reaching demographic results. A rapid fall of the birth rate, with the death rate at the same level, have made the birth rate dwindle. As a result, the demographic regress took place. The de-population processes embraced the majority of the country. In the final part of the paper the author arrives at a conclusion that these new tendencies in the natural movement are permanent. To prove this point we have one of demographic prognosis. According to its presuppositions, the population of Poland will diminish to the level of 26.3 million in 2050. The author claims that it will cause essential geopolitical, social, and economic consequences.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2007, 35, 1; 25-42
    0137-4176
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Linia Curzona jako wschodnia granica Polski – geneza i uwarunkowania polityczne
    Autorzy:
    Eberhardt, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/654138.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Linia Curzona
    Polska
    Związek Radziecki
    Opis:
    The Curzon line as Poland’s eastern border – origin and political conditionsThe article is devoted to the forming of the contemporary eastern border of Poland, named in the subject literature “the Curzon line”. Its geographical location was put forward by Lord Curzon, British Foreign Minister at the time. It was not put to practice then. The conception was raised again during the last stage of World War II, and, since 1945, the Curzon line has been the eastern border of Poland.The first part of the article discusses the complex political, demographic, and national conditions on the area located between ethnic Poland and ethnic Russia, which until 1772 belonged to Poland, and later, during the three partitions were attached to the Russian Empire. Both countries were convinced about their justified historical rights to the territories being the meeting point of their geopolitical interests; setting a border to both Moscow’s and Warsaw’s satisfaction was unlikely.The next part of the article presents the political situation after the end of World War I, as well as the view of western countries (France, Great Britain, The USA) on the territorial range of the newly formed Polish country. The western Polish borders were settled at the peace conference in Versailles; the eastern borders, on the other hand, depended on the inevitable military conflict between Poland and Bolshevik Russia. The conflict lasted for two years and ended in signing Riga Treaty on March 18, 1921. The treaty established the new borders between the two countries. The possibilities of an intervention of the Ententa countries in the war were relatively small; they did, however, try to lead them to a political agreement through diplomatic negotiations. They were not interested in the defeat of Poland. They were also quite critical about maximalistic territorial demands presented by Poland. During the 1918‑1920 war, Britain proposed a solution that et the border meridionally, from Grodno in the north to the Karpaty in the south, and ran through Jałowka, Niemirow and Kryłow. The project received the name of “the Curzon line”. The article presents the beginnings of the concept, its authors, as well as the military and political circumstances, which made the realization of the idea impossible at the time.The subsequent part of the article discusses the geopolitical situation after Ribbentrop‑Molotow pact (1939‑1941), and after the German invasion on the USSR, the focal point being the verdicts passed at three great conferences of the anti‑Hitlerite coalition countries in Teheran and Jałta, where Polish eastern border was decided upon without being accepted by Poland. The location of the border was based on Lord Curzon’s suggestion of 1919, and was realized after World War II. It required only technical delimitation settlements. As a result of decisions made in Poczdam, the western border was relocated on the line of the Odra and the Nysa Łużycka. The Riga – Versailles Poland was replaced by one shaped by Jałta and Poczdam. The aforementioned border changes are analysed from a historical and geographical perspective.Линия Керзона – восточная граница Польши – генезис и политические условия.Статья посвящена формированию современной восточной границы Польши, которую в литературе общепринято называть линией Керзона. Проект прохождения этой линии был представлен в 1919 г тогдашним министром иностранных дел Великобритании лордом Керзоном, но в те времена так и не был реализован. Очередной раз об этой линии вспомнили в конечной фазе Второй мировой войны, а с 1945 г она становится восточной границей польского государства.В первой части статьи освещается сложная политическая и национально‑демографическая ситуация на территории, расположенной между этнической Польшей и этнической Россией, которая до 1772 г принадлежала I.Речи Посполитой, а потом в течение трех разделов была присоединена к Российской Империи. Оба государства были убеждены, что у них есть все законные исторические права на эту территорию, лежавшую на стыке их геополитических интересов. Посему определение восточной границы, удовлетворявшей интересы как Варшавы, так Москвы являлось малоправдоподобным.В следующей части статьи обсуждается политическая ситуация после окончания Первой мировой войны и позиция западных держав (Франции, Великобритании, США) по вопросу только что созданного польского государства. Западные границы Польши были установлены на конференции в Париже. Восточные же границы зависели от итогов военного конфликта между Польшей и большевистской Россией. Он продолжался два года и закончился подписанием Рижского мирного договора (18 марта 1921 г), который очертил новые границы между двумя государствами. Возможности влияния стран‑участниц Антанты на ход и результаты этой войны были относительно невелики. Тем не менее, западные державы предпринимали попытки дипломатическим путем привести оба государства к политическому компромиссу. Они не были заинтересованы поражением Польши, хотя достаточно критично оценивали ее максималистские желания, касающиеся восточной границы. Британская сторона во время войны 1918‑1920 гг. предложила разграничение границ, которое проходило от Гродно на севере до Карпат на юге через Яловку, Немиров и Крылов. Проект этот, как уже вспоминалось выше, был назван линией Керзона. В статье описывается генезис этой концепции, ее авторы, военные и политические условия, приведшие к тому, что она в тогдашних условиях не была реализована.В очередной части статьи описана геополитическая ситуация после заключения пакта Риббентропа‑ Молотова (1939‑1941), а в последствии после агрессии Германии на СССР . В статье уделяется большое внимание решениям, принятым на конференциях 3‑х великих держав антигитлеровской коалиции в Тегеране и в Крыму. На этих конференциях без согласия польской стороны было принято решение о прохождении восточной польской границы, которая напоминала концепцию лорда Керзона, выдвинутую в 1919 г. После окончания Второй мировой войны была она претворена в жизнь. Требовалось только проведение технических делимитационных работ. Одновременно с изменением восточной границы Польши в результате решений Постдамской конференции были изменены западные границы Польши на линии Одер – Ныса Лужицкая. На месте версальско‑рижской Польши появилось польское государство с границами ялтинско‑постдамскими. В статье изменения границ интерпретируются в географическом и историческом контексте.
    Źródło:
    Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; 2011, 46
    2353-6403
    1230-5057
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura narodowościowa ludności Polski
    The Ethnic Structure of Poland’s Population
    Autorzy:
    Eberhardt, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835179.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-05-12
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Polska
    Polacy
    mniejszości narodowe
    Polska
    Poles
    national minorities
    Opis:
    The article presents the results of the census conducted in April 2002. It contains statistical information referring to the ethnic composition of Poland’s population and the languages used by Polish citizens. The results of the census have shown that 38,230,100 people live on the territory of Poland. The Polish nationality was declared by 36,983,700 people. Another ethnic option was chosen by 471,500 people, that is by 1.2% of the whole of the population of the country. Silesians proved to be the greatest minority (173,200), Germans (152,900), Belorussians (48,700) and Ukrainians (31,000). Other ethnic groups proved to be less numerous. The author offers an interpretation of the census results. He pays a special attention to the problem of the Silesian minority, that is not considered a national group by specialists. He shows that the group has been undergoing Polish and German influences for many centuries. Silesians have spoken Polish and they have been faithful to Catholicism. This connected them to Poland. However, on the other hand they have accepted German civilization-cultural patterns. In the next part of the article data referring to the language spoken by the citizens of Poland are presented. Also in this domain complete supremacy of the Polish language is found, as 97.8% of Poland’s population recognize Polish as the language they speak at home. The second most popular language turns out to be German (206,600 people – 0.5% of the country’s population). Other languages play a marginal role. The national data compared to the ethnic structure are a basis for a territorial analysis. The author has made an analysis of places particular ethnic group live in and referred them to territorial administration units of the province and common level. He has proven that the German population is concentrated in Opole Silesia, and the Belorussian population in Podlasie, in the area of the Białowieska Forest. The presented statistical information and their introductory interpretation have confirmed the well-known fact that Poland is a mono-ethnic country. The role of ethnic and language minorities is only slight. The ethnic and language conformity is also connected with Poland’s religious specificity. A predominant part of the citizens of Poland has traditional bonds with Catholicism.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych; 2008, 36, 1; 143-168
    0137-4176
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5

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