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    Tytuł:
    Grzyby saproksyliczne w resztkach pozrębowych sosny zwyczajnej
    Saproxylic fungi in the Scots pine woody debris
    Autorzy:
    Kwaśna, H.
    Łakomy, P.
    Gornowicz, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989591.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    zreby
    pozostalosci zrebowe
    mikologia
    grzyby saproksyliczne
    drewno martwe
    biodegradacja
    deadwood quality and amount
    nutritional preferences
    saproxylic fungi
    succession
    Opis:
    Awareness of the importance of the presence of deadwood in forest ecosystems has increased in recent decades. Today, deadwood is not only recognized as a key element in carbon sequestration, nutrient supply and water retention, but is also known to be a reservoir of saproxylic species (species associated with the decay of wood on living and dead trees). The amount of deadwood in clear−cut forest is currently higher than 100 years ago. The issue of how much deadwood and of what quality (including size) there should be in order to promote the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity and sustainable forest management is still vivid. Mycological analyses to determine (i) structure of fungal communities in Scots pine wood debris, (ii) sources and reservoirs of fungi, (iii) nutritional preferences of fungi, and (iv) potential rate and dynamics of wood decomposition were carried out on an ‘old' and ‘fresh' wood (stumps, branches and boughs) from Jedwabno Forest District (north−eastern Poland). Fungi from 62 wood samples were isolated on two artificial media (PDA and SNA) and identified according to their morphology. Eleven species of Zygomycota, 79 of Ascomycota and 15 of Basidiomycota were detected. The majority of species (91%) colonized many samples. Only 9% of species colonized single samples only. The most common species, with high rates of colonization, included Acremonium spp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Lecythophora spp., Mariannaea elegans, Ophiostoma + Sporothrix spp., Penicillium spp., Phialocephala spp., Phialophora spp., Phlebiopsis gigantea, Phoma spp., Sarocladium strictum, Scytalidium lignicola, Sydowia polyspora, Trichoderma spp. (mainly T. harzianum and T. viride) and Umbelopsis spp. A few species occurred only on stumps or only on branches. More species occurred on 'old' wood than on 'fresh' wood. The average level of sample colonization by a single fungal species was higher (non−significantly) on 'old' than on 'fresh' wood, and on branches than on stumps. The results show that deadwood is a habitat for many fungal species that occur in succession. The presence of deadwood in clear−cut forest and in its neighborhood is necessary for the conservation of saproxylic fungal diversity and ecological sustainability of forests.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2016, 160, 05; 355-364
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Accumulation of iron-binding compounds in root of Pinus sylvestris challenged by Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato
    Autorzy:
    Mucha, J.
    Guzicka, M.
    Lakomy, P.
    Zadworny, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41731.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    accumulation
    iron-binding compound
    root
    Pinus sylvestris
    Heterobasidion annosum
    siderophore
    organic acid
    iron reduction
    plant infection
    Scotch pine
    Opis:
    We examined the interaction between the roots of Pinus sylvestris and closely related species Heterobasidion annousum s.l. (H. annosum s.s., H. parviporum, H. abietinum) that differ in host plant preference. The aim of the current study was to determine in roots the accumulation pattern of low molecular mass compounds such as catecholate and hydroxamate derivates, oxalic acid as well as iron-reduction ability of that low molecular mass compounds, that play important roles in wood degradation and they are also involved in pathogenesis. The accumulation of catechol and hydroxamate derivates increased during the early (2–6 h) and late (24–48 h) stages of interaction and similar pattern of oxalic acid accumulation were observed. The level of catecholate derivates in P. sylvestris roots that were challenged with H. parviporum or H. abietinum correlated strongly with iron reducing ability. However, when host was exposed to H. annosum s. s. hydroxamates rather than catecholates regulated iron reducing ability. The extracellular Fe3+ reducing activity was greater for H. annosum s. s. isolates than for isolates of two other species, and reduction of ferric iron may promote oxidative burst in host cell and fungal colonization. Catecholate concentration in the presence of H. annosum s.s. contributing to host cell death, confirm iron involvement in infection success.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2015, 73
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Initial stages of host-pathogen interaction between Pinus sylvestris seedling roots and the P-, S- and F-intersterility group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum
    Autorzy:
    Werner, A
    Lakomy, P.
    Idzikowska, K.
    Zadworny, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41681.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Pinus sylvestris
    seedling root
    Heterobasidion annosum
    host-pathogen interaction
    adhesion
    hyphal growth
    penetration
    root surface
    Opis:
    Prepenetration and penetration phenomena after inoculation of roots of Pinus sylvestris seedlings grown in vitro with the P-, S- and F-group isolates of Heterobasidion annosum were observed using scanning electron microscop. There were no differences in the behaviour of hyphae and in the appearence of mycelia formed by the three IS-group isolates. Four types of the root penetration by hyphae were observed. In the first, the entrace of hypha into root was achieved throught tiny pore formed in walls of the cortical cells. In the second, swellings resembling appressoria were formed by the hyphal tips at the points of contact with the root surface. In the third, the hyphae penetrated cells through holes in eroded areas of roots, and in the fourth by the natural crevices at points of the cortical cell junctions. It is concluded that the different frequencies of the four types of penetration observed after inoculation with isolates of the three IS group should be carefully explained in term of their different pathogenic and saprobic capabilities on pine.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2005, 54; 57-63
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Struktura zbiorowisk grzybów i bakterii w glebie 1-rocznej uprawy i 10-letniego młodnika w zależności od sposobu przygotowania gleby
    Structure of fungal and bacterial communities in 1-year and 10-year-old plantations of Scots pine after different pre-planting preparation of soil
    Autorzy:
    Kwaśna, H.
    Łakomy, P.
    Gornowicz, R.
    Mikiciński, A.
    Borowczyk-Behnke, J.
    Gałązka, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989686.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
    Tematy:
    lesnictwo
    uprawy lesne
    uprawy sosnowe
    mlodniki sosnowe
    sosna zwyczajna
    Pinus sylvestris
    przygotowanie gleby
    gleby lesne
    aktywnosc biologiczna
    grzyby glebowe
    bakterie glebowe
    wystepowanie
    zbiorowiska bakterii
    zbiorowiska grzybow
    struktura zbiorowisk
    armillaria
    heterobasidion
    scots pine
    silvicultural techniques
    soil biological activity
    Opis:
    Effects of post−harvest wood−debris utilization and pre−planting soil preparation in clear−cut forest on the community structure of soil fungi and bacteria and their possible biological activity towards Armillaria and Heterobasidion were studied in 1− and 10−year−old Scots pine plantations in Bierzwnik and Międzychód Forest Districts (W Poland). Post−harvest wood−debris utilization included: (i) removal from the surface, (ii) spread of the coarse or chipped wood−debris on the surface and (iii) mixing of the chipped wood debris with the soil. Pre−planting soil preparation included: (i) deep furrowing, (ii) shallow turning of the topsoil, (iii) ridging and (iv) no ground preparation. The soil−dilution method was used for detection of fungi and bacteria in soil. Morphotyping was used for identification of fungi. Phenotypic traits and biochemical properties were used for identification of bacteria. Molecular method, MID−66 or BIOLOG® systems were additionally applied for identification of the most common bacteria. Removal of post−harvest wood−debris from the surface of the clear−cut land and shallow turning of the topsoil or ridging before planting increased abundance of fungi in soil of 1−year−old Scots pine plantation. Deep furrowing resulted in increased abundance of fungi and no ground preparation in increased abundance of bacteria in soil of 10−year−old Scots pine plantation. Increased abundance of fungi and bacteria was associated with increased abundance of taxa considered as antagonistic to Armillaria and Heterobasidion. Removal of the post−harvest wood debris and moderate or no mechanical intervention into the soil habitat on the clear−cut site before planting of Scots pine seedlings seems to create the habitat, which may be beneficial for the growth of young trees.
    Źródło:
    Sylwan; 2015, 159, 01; 71-81
    0039-7660
    Pojawia się w:
    Sylwan
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effects of silvicultural techniques on the diversity of microorganisms in forest soil and their possible participation in biological control of Armillaria and Heterobasidion
    Autorzy:
    Kwasna, H.
    Walkowiak, L.
    Lakomy, P.
    Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
    Gornowicz, R.
    Mikicinski, A.
    Galazka, S.
    Szewczyk, W.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/65397.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    silvicultural technique
    Pinus sylvestris
    diversity
    microorganism
    forest soil
    participation
    biological control
    Armillaria
    fungi
    Heterobasidion
    Opis:
    Effects of different pre-planting soil preparations and post-harvest wood debris applications in a clear-cut Scots pine plantation, on the abundance, diversity, and activity of culturable microorganisms were investigated. The investigation was done 9 years after the re-plantings had been done. This formed part of an investigation of silvicultural practices for conservation and the biological control of Armillaria and Heterobasidion in northern temperate forests (Poland). The treatments being compared, were expected to have altered the soil’s physical and chemical properties, and consequently, its biological properties. Only soft-rot microfungi from the Ascomycota and Zygomycota were detected in the soil. Fungi, including those antagonistic to Armillaria and Heterobasidion, were more abundant after shallow ploughing than after deep ploughing or ridging, and where chipped rather than coarse wood debris was left on the soil surface or incorporated. Scots pine trees had the most biomass and the least mortality after ridging and leaving coarse wood debris on the surface (associated with only a relatively moderate abundance of fungi).
    Źródło:
    Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2015, 55, 3
    1427-4345
    Pojawia się w:
    Journal of Plant Protection Research
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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