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Tytuł:
Plany rozwoju infrastruktury i działalności turystycznej w parkach krajobrazowych na terenie administrowanym przez Lasy Państwowe
Plans for the development of infrastructure and tourism activities in landscape parks under the State Forests administration
Autorzy:
Referowska-Chodak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1311653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
parki krajobrazowe
turystyka
rekreacja
infrastruktura turystyczna
infrastruktura rekreacyjna
tourism in landscape parks
tourism in the State Forests
the development of tourism
landscape parks’ cooperation with
the State Forests
Opis:
The aim of the study was to present plans (up to 2030) for the development of infrastructure and tourism activities in the Polish landscape parks located in the area of the State Forests’ administration. At the end of 2013, a survey was conducted the results of which were verified and their analysis completed in 2014. The questionnaire was sent to the directorates of all 122 parks. 70.5% of the directorates replied to the open question inquiring about their plans and demands for tourist activities (including educational tourism) and recreation. These were then correlated to parks in areas under the State Forests’ administration. The most commonly proposed/planned actions by the directorates in cooperation with the Forest Districts are: construction of new educational paths (in 41.9% of parks), maintaining the existing ones (24.4%) and the organization of tourism/recreation and educational events (22.1%). The largest share of proposed/planned actions without the cooperation of the Forest Districts comes from the creation of new routes/trails, parking lots, etc. along with their equipment (36.0%), construction of tourist infrastructure (bins, benches, tables, shelters, fire circles, sightseeing towers, bridges, 18.6%) and the issuing of maps, brochures, guides or other publications (17.4%). However, it is of particular importance to take the need for nature conservation in the development of tourism and recreation in areas of landscape parks into account. The literature provides a number of helpful solutions. Furthermore, such activity requires broad cooperation supported by external funds especially between the parks, Forest Districts and municipalities. It is also important to continue the environmental education of both, visitors and locals, as well as the promotion of eco-tourism and responsible use of the environment.
Źródło:
Leśne Prace Badawcze; 2015, 76, 4; 377-387
1732-9442
2082-8926
Pojawia się w:
Leśne Prace Badawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sposób i stopień społecznego wykorzystywania rezerwatów przyrody w Lasach Państwowych
The way and level of public utilisation of nature reserves in the State Forests
Autorzy:
Referowska-Chodak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1019433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
rezerwaty przyrody
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
lesnictwo
funkcje spoleczne
nature reserves
state forests
social functions
Opis:
The paper presents questionnaire survey data carried out in the years 2002−2003 concerning the way and level of utilisation of nature reserves located in the territory administered by the „State Forests” National Forest Holding. It has been demonstrated that there is high social interest in this form of nature conservation particularly in connection with conducting scientific research and tourist use of these natural objects.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2006, 150, 07; 51-59
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Możliwości i stopień wykorzystania portalu Facebook przez nadleśnictwa Lasów Państwowych
Possibilities and level of use of Facebook by the State Forests
Autorzy:
Smarul, N.
Tomczak, K.
Wierzbicka, A.
Łukowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/980219.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
nadlesnictwa
portale spolecznosciowe
Facebook
wykorzystanie
fanpage
fbanalyzer
likeanalizer
social media
state forests
Opis:
Social media are used to create and spread content in the Internet. Because of their wide possibilities, they are used by various institutions to promote their products and campaigns. Recently the State Forests have started to use such information tools more and more willingly. Aim of presented research was to analyze and to evaluate the level of using opportunities that Facebook gives to the State Forests. Results show that more than 50% forest districts have profile on Facebook. Median of likes for the fanpage is 1295. It was observed, that profiles, which exist longer, have more fans. Also fanpages, which are characterized by a high frequency of adding posts, are more popular among Internet users. Additionally we examined the influence of number of hashtags on the profile’s success as well as engagement rate and average post length. Based on number of likes, 5 most popular fanpages were selected for separate analysis. Using the obtained results, a list of recommendations for administrators was created, which can help to more effectively conduct activities on Facebook.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 07; 542-550
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kierunki racjonalizacji zatrudnienia w Lasach Państwowych
Directions in the rationalization of employment in the State Forests
Autorzy:
Kwiecień, R.
Kocel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1008279.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
zasoby ludzkie
zarzadzanie zasobami ludzkimi
nadlesnictwa
racjonalizacja zatrudnienia
human resources
employment rationalization
the state forests
Opis:
The article presents the results of research concerning directions of improvement of human resource management in the State Forests, in terms of rationalization of non−manual employment. The research was conducted in the second half of 2009 using the questionnaire survey method. 414 forest district managers and 105 representatives from a group of directors, department heads and chief specialists from all the Regional Directorates of the State Forests in the country participated in the survey. Respondents emphasized the need to rationalize employment in the State Forests and expressed their opinions on the possibilities, scope and method of reducing staffing levels. The subject matter is shown against the background of employment changes taking place in forestry in the European countries. The results can be used for adjusting the human resource policy in the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 05; 323-332
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Uwarunkowania rynku drzewnego w Lasach Państwowych w latach 1918-2008
Determinants of the wood market of the State Forests in the years 1918-2008
Autorzy:
Łuczak, M.
Paschalis-Jakubowicz, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/991435.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
gospodarka lesna
uzytkowanie lasu
rynek drzewny
lata 1918-2008
determinants
wood market
state forests history
Opis:
Paper evaluates the conditions that affect the functioning of the timber market and its role in the development of forestry and timber industry during the ninety−year−history of the State Forests. Four periods were distinguished, which, according to the authors, correspond to the key stages of development of the Polish State: the interwar period (1918−1938), the period of the Second World War (1939−1945), the post−war period (1946−1989) and the period after the change of the political system in Poland (1990−2008). Data concerning both forestry and the timber industry in these periods were collected, processed and compared to the general conditions of functioning of the Polish state.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2013, 157, 07; 506-515
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wskaźnik stopnia trudności gospodarowania leśnictw Lasów Państwowych
Management Difficulty Index in the forest ranges of the State Forests
Autorzy:
Kocel, J.
Kwiecień, R.
Młynarski, W.
Mionskowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/996610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
lesnictwa
gospodarka lesna
stopien trudnosci
wskaznik stopnia trudnosci gospodarowania
management difficulty index
forest range
state forests
Opis:
The paper presents the calculations of the Management Difficulty Index (STG) for forest ranges in the State Forests. The calculations were made on the basis of the characteristics of the management conditions and the scope of tasks for all forest ranges in the country in 2009. The usefulness of the STG index was proven in the management practice of the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 06; 403-413
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prognoza finansowo-gospodarcza dla Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe na lata 2007-2013
Financial and economic forecast for the State Forests, National Forest Holding for 2007-2013
Autorzy:
Kocel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/996011.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
prognozy ekonomiczne
prognozy gospodarcze
finanse
lata 2007-2013
financial and economic forecast
the state forests
forecast accuracy
Opis:
Paper presents results of prediction of the revenues and expenses, as well as the predicted financial result of the State Forests for 2007−2013 period. It also discusses the relevance of the prediction three years after the forecast. The maximum deviation of the forecast from the actual value was recorded in 2009 and 2008. The predicted timber sales price and total value of revenues of the State Forests were overestimated, while the predicted amount of timber sold and total expenses of the State Forests, as well as administrative costs in those years were underestimated. In the face of the general financial crisis in the national and global economy, the State Forests took austerity measures achieving in 2009 and 2008 much higher financial results than predicted.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 01; 3-11
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Występowanie drzewostanów z udziałem lipy drobnolistnej (Tilia cordata Mill.) na terenie zarządzanym przez Lasy Państwowe
Occurrence of stands with small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) in the forests managed by the State Forests
Autorzy:
Gil, W.
Zajączkowski, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/990866.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
drzewostany
struktura drzewostanu
drzewa lesne
lipa drobnolistna
Tilia cordata
wystepowanie
tilia cordata
stand structure
the state forests
Opis:
The paper concerns the occurrence of small−leaved lime in the Polish forests on the basis of stand description contained in the main database of the State Forests. The analysis includes the geographical occurrence of lime in all forest layers and according to age class of stands with lime as well as their habitat and soil preferences. Special attention was paid to the stands with lime as the dominant species.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2014, 158, 10; 743-753
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Struktura rocznego czasu pracy leśniczych
The structure of foresters annual work-time
Autorzy:
Kocel, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1016323.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
struktura czasu pracy
stanowisko lesniczego
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
lesnictwo
state forests national forest holding
foresters
foresters' work−time structure
annual work−time
Opis:
The structure of the annual work−time of the staff from all kinds of forest sub−districts in the State Forests National Forest Holding (SF), the structure of the average annual work−time of the staff running exclusively the SF forest sub−districts and the structure of the average, annual work−time of the staff from the SF forest sub−districts supervising the forests that are not the property of the State Treasury were studied on the basis of questionnaire surveys conducted in 2004. The studies showed that the staff from all kinds of forest sub−districts spent most of their work−time for the harvesting and sale of timber (36.23% of their annual time on average). Silviculture is the second largest time−consuming activity performed by foresters, accounting for 16.47% of their annual work−time, while forest protection accounts for 12.88% and observations of the forest status – 7.55% of forest sub−district staff's annual work−time.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2007, 151, 01; 3-10
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Finansowe aspekty ochrony rezerwatów przyrody w Lasach Państwowych
The financial aspects of protection of nature reserves in the State Forests
Autorzy:
Referowska-Chodak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1018639.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
podatek gruntowy
rezerwaty przyrody
koszty
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
lesnictwo
ochrona przyrody
nature reserves
state forests
nature conservation costs
expenditures and revenues from nature reserves
Opis:
The paper presents the 2001 questionnaire survey data concerning the financial aspects of protection of nature reserves located in the territory administered by the „State Forests” National Forest Holding. As shown in the specification of direct costs (i.a. treatment execution costs) and indirect costs (i.a. part of SF staff remunerations for their participation in decision−making, conservation and execution of protective tasks in reserve area) the financial contribution incurred by the State Forests for the maintenance and conducting of this form of nature protection proved to be substantial.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2006, 150, 06; 65-72
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metody standaryzacji kosztów jednostkowych wybranych prac z zakresu hodowli lasu
Methods of standardisation of the unit costs of selected silvicultural works
Autorzy:
Kocel, J.
Wysocka-Fijorek, E.
Mionskowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/979356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
hodowla lasu
prace hodowlane
koszty pracy
koszty jednostkowe
standaryzacja
leśnictwo
costs standardization
costs of silviculture
financial system of state forests
Opis:
The article presents methods for standardizing the costs of the silvicultural treatments (renewals and afforestation, corrections and additions, tending). Our scope included the statistical determination of factors shaping the costs of selected works, elaborating methods of their standardization, assessment of these methods suitability for determining standard unit costs of selected silvicultural works, and selection of the method for application in the financial system of the State Forests. The data were obtained from the database of the State Forests Information System for all forest districts in the country. Information about the social background of forest districts was obtained from the Local Data Bank. Initially we analysed factors shaping the costs of forest works. The first developed method was based on the grouping of forest districts with similar natural conditions described by the forest habitat types, which are the main factor shaping the costs of silviculture. The other method consisted of technological models for the field−works using the time−consumption catalogues used in the State Forests. Each of the developed methods is characterized by specific disadvantages and advantages. The first method determines the standard costs on the basis of historical data. The use of data incurred by forest districts in previous years has a major disadvantage, as they may contain results of poor efficacy from previous periods. However, the creation of groups of forest districts with similar natural conditions by organizational units from different regions of the country with different economic and social conditions, as various regional directorates of the State Forests pursuing a specific policy on the amount of rates for services performed by forest companies limits the disadvantages. The main advantage of the other method is that it is not based on the historical data. This method also gives the forest district management the opportunity to compare rates for services provided by forestry companies with the economic environment of the forest district, thanks to the use of the average monthly gross wages in administration districts. The disadvantage of this method is the lack of source data (time−consumption) from forest districts planning costs in natural units and applying long−term agreements with forestry services companies. Full assessment of the proposed methods will be possible after comparison of standardized costs calculated by different methods with actual values.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2019, 163, 11; 892-902
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Drzewostany przeszłorębne w Lasach Państwowych
Overmatured stands in the State Forests National Forest Holding
Autorzy:
Kłapeć, B.
Miścicki, S.
Stępień, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1011730.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
drzewostany przeszlorebne
struktura gatunkowa
gospodarka lesna
struktura wiekowa
funkcje lasu
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
lesnictwo
urzadzanie lasu
zapas drzewostanu
overmatured stand
state forests national forest holding
Opis:
The data stored in the State Forests NFH's database were used to investigate the structure of overmatured stands in the State Forests NFH. For the classification of overmatured stands, the definition used in forest management planning was adopted. As per the status of 2008, there were 252 513 hectares (3.6% of forest area of the State Forests NFH) and 84 505 580 m3 (5.0% of standing timber) of overmatured stands (with the exclusion of nature reserves). Differences in the proportion in the area of these stands were found between individual Regional Directorates of the State Forests, stands distinguished with regard to the dominant species or forest function. One of the reasons – specific for Poland – is the necessity to reduce final harvest in forest districts in such a way that, in the case of larger than planned intermediate felling, did not exceed the total yield.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2009, 153, 09; 594-606
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wylesienia i rekultywacje gruntów w kierunku leśnym planowane w Polsce do roku 2030
Deforestation and land reclamation into forests planned in Poland up to 2030
Autorzy:
Referowska-Chodak, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989009.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
ksztaltowanie przestrzeni
wylesienia
gminy
plany wylesien
rekultywacja gruntow
rekultywacja lesna
powiaty
plany rekultywacji
ochrona krajobrazu
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
deforestation
forest reclamation
afforestation
landscape protection
state forests
Opis:
The aim of the study is to present – in the perspective of up to 2030 – plans about deforestation in the area administered by the State Forests, formulated at the level of communes and judged on the level of provinces (voivodeships), as well as plans for land reclamation into forests, formulated at the level of counties. The data was collected in 2013−2014 in a survey, which included the following groups of respondents: mayors of all rural and urban−rural communes, heads of all rural counties and marshals of provinces. According to information provided by 34.4% of communes, it is planned to cease the production on at least 517.1 hectares of forests, located in 64 forest districts. In relation to requests for deforestation, marshals of provinces presented various approach to their assessment, but always within the limits of applicable law. On the other hand, according to the data provided by 57.3% of counties, land reclamation into forests is planned to reach at least 498 hectares in 57 forest districts. Deforestation and forest reclamation affect both the landscape and the level of forest cover of the country. The results show a greater concern of commune heads about deforestation than it is in the case of heads of counties about land reclamation into forests. The balance in these activities proportion would be at least a positive natural, economic and social achievement. The processes of deforestation, afforestation, forest management and land restoration into forests – directly affecting the quality of the landscape – are important for assessing the implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Poland. Taking into account the current level of afforestation in Poland, it is unlikely to achieve the forest cover of 33% by 2050. Therefore, it is important to control the size of deforestation and to increase the scope and pace of land reclamation into forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 02; 163-169
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Metodyczne podstawy określania wskaźnika stopnia trudności gospodarowania leśnictw Lasów Państwowych
Methodological foundations of determining the indicator of the degree of management difficulty in the State Forests forest ranges
Autorzy:
Kocel, J.
Kwiecień, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/994963.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
lesnictwa
gospodarka lesna
stopien trudnosci
wskaznik stopnia trudnosci gospodarowania
metody obliczen
management difficulty level
forest range
assessment
evaluation of workload
forestry staff
state forests
Opis:
The paper presents the method of determining the management difficulty index for forest ranges of the State Forests To assess the management difficulty level, a set of 16 sub−indices was developed characterizing terrain obstacles, the structure of and threat to forest resources, as well as the extent of management tasks. The annual work time structure of range forest managers was a basis for the point rating of individual sub−indices. The usefulness of the method was proven in the management practice of the State Forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2012, 156, 02; 118-127
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza inwestycji drogowych prowadzonych na terenach lasów zarządzanych przez Państwowe Gospodarstwo Leśne Lasy Państwowe w roku 2012
Analysis of road investments conducted on areas of forests managed by the Polish National Forest holding "State Forests" in the 2012
Autorzy:
Wisocka, M.
Kasztelan, A.
Grajewski, S.
Kaminski, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/791436.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania Środowiskiem w Tucholi
Tematy:
Panstwowe Gospodarstwo Lesne Lasy Panstwowe
rok 2012
drogi lesne
drogi pozarowe
inwestycje drogowe
lasy
communication network
forest
wood
transport
State Forests National Forest Holding
fire route
forest road
road investment
Opis:
W związku z koniecznością dostosowywania sieci komunikacyjnej do coraz to nowocześniejszego taboru wywożącego drewno z lasu i prowadzącego akcje gaśnicze oraz konieczności udostępnienia lasu jako dobra ogólnodostępnego przed nadleśnictwami stoją duże zadania inwestycyjne modernizacji i rozbudowy leśnej sieci komunikacyjnej. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy dokumentacji przetargowych prowadzonych przez jednostki 59 Lasów Państwowych w 2012 roku. Analizie poddano elektroniczne wersje przedmiarów prac zamieszczonych w Specyfikacji Istotnych Warunków Zamówienia na Biuletynie Informacji Publicznej 126 nadleśnictw z terenu całej Polski. Pod uwagę wzięto: formalne aspekty przygotowywanej dokumentacji, rodzaje prowadzonych robót drogowych, rozmiar planowanych zadań budowlanych i ich koszty, rodzaje stosowanych technologii budowy nawierzchni oraz preferowanych materiałów (głównie kruszyw) na wykonanie nawierzchni jezdni i poboczy drogowych. Na podstawie przeanalizowanej dokumentacji stwierdzono, że łącznie inwestycje drogowe przeprowadzono na blisko 430 kmb. Najczęściej wykonywano prace związane z przebudowami (46,58%), remontami (34,92 %) i konserwacjami nawierzchni (3,96 %). Roboty przygotowawcze pod inwestycje wymagały usunięcia drzew, wykarczowania pni oraz usunięcia podszytu. W przedmiarach, jako warstwy konieczne wymieniano: górną i dolną warstwę podbudowy, warstwę odsączającą oraz odcinającą. W przedmiarach wskazanym materiałem do wykonania dolnej i górnej warstwy podbudowy było kruszywo łamane. Do wykonania warstwy odsączającej stosowano pospółkę lub piasek, a na warstwę odcinającą stosowano geowłókniny. Natomiast pobocza wzmacniano poprzez ich zagęszczanie lub umocnienie pospółką. Prace ziemne obejmowały: zdjęcie warstwy humusu z 555 tys. m2 oraz wykonanie wykopów i nasypów o kubaturze odpowiednio 2,2 mln m3 i 133 tys. m3. Oszacowano, że przebudowa 1 mb drogi kosztowała 312,56 zł, remont 96,04 zł, a średni łączny koszt wszystkich przeprowadzonych prac wyniósł 638,81 zł za 1 mb.
In accordance with the necessity of adjusting the communication network to the increasingly more modern equipment transporting the wood from the forest and carrying out the firefighting actions as well as the necessity of making the forest available as a generally accessible resource, large investment tasks are to be realised by forest districts in the range of modernisation and expansion works of a forest communication network. In 2012, the results of the analyses of tender documentations were presented in the thesis and these tender documentations were carried out by the units of State Forests. Electronic versions of work cost estimates (bills of quantities) placed in the Important Order Specification were subject to the analysis on the Bulletin of Public Information with 126 forest districts from across Poland. The following issues were taken into consideration: formal aspects of prepared documentation, types of conducted road works, the range of planned construction tasks and their costs, types of technologies used in the construction of a surface and preferred materials (mainly aggregates) for the performance of the road surface and roadsides. On the basis of the analysed documentation, it was stated that the road investments were carried out in total on nearly 430 running km. Most frequently, the work was connected with reconstructions (46.58 %), repairs (34.92%) and the maintanance of the surface (3.96 %). The preparatory work under investments required the removal of trees, grubbing up trunks and the removal of understorey. In the bills of quantities, the following layers were mentioned as the necessary layers: upper and lower layer of a substructure, drainage layer and a shut-off layer. In the bills of quantities, the material which was indicated to perform a lower and upper layer of a substructure was a crushed-stone aggregate. The sand or gravel mix was used for the performance of a drainage layer and geotextiles were used for a shut-off layer. As for the roadsides,they were reinforced by their densification or strengthening with a sandy gravel. Ground work included: a picture of the humus layer with 555 thousand square meters and the performance of cuts and embankments of a capacity respectively 2.2m m3 and 133,000 m3. It has been estimated that the reconstruction of 1 running meter of a road cost 312.56 PLN, a repairamounted to 96.04 PLN and an average total cost of all conducted works was 638.81 PLN for 1 running meter.
Źródło:
Zarządzanie Ochroną Przyrody w Lasach; 2015, 09
2081-1438
2391-4106
Pojawia się w:
Zarządzanie Ochroną Przyrody w Lasach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

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