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Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
Tytuł:
Environmental changes during the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event in the Outer Carpathian basins: a synthesis of data from various tectonic-facies units
Zmiany w środowisku basenów Karpat zewnętrznych w czasie globalnego zdarzenia oceanicznego na granicy cenomanu i turonu; synteza wyników badań z różnych jednostek tektoniczno-facjalnych
Autorzy:
Bąk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191660.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event
stratigraphy
palaeoenvironment
Late Cretaceous
Outer Carpathians
Polska
Opis:
The paper summarizes the results of author’s studies on the environmental changes around the Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) in the Outer Carpathian basins located close to the northern margin of the Western Tethys, whose sea floor was situated below the calcite compensation depth. The sedimen- tary, biotic and chemical records allowed to recognize the successions related to the oceanic anoxic event (OAE-2) and trace changes around this event sediments within the frame of the stable carbon isotope excursion and biostratigraphic datum events. The changes so traced included changes in: type of deep-water sedimentation, accumulation rate, productivity, oxygenation of bottom water and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Correlation of the palaeoenvironmental changes with the carbon isotope curve and biostratigraphic datum events allowed the comparisons between the various sedimentary areas in the Outer Carpathians, and with other areas of the Western Tethys. Most of the interpreted events around the CTBE were synchronous in the northern branch of the Western Tethys that extended to the Umbria-Marche and Sicily carbonate platforms. These events included: (1) an increase in productivity before the interval with the highest shift in d13C values, (2) the main interval of organic-rich sedimentation (Bonarelli level), (3) a rapid change to oxygenated sediments near the Cenomanian-Turonian (C-T) boundary and continued during the Early Turonian, (4) fluctuations in oxygen content in bottom waters with short intervals of anoxia during the earliest Turonian, (5) deposition of a thick bentonite layer, near the start of the d13C excursion, roughly synchronous with the phase of a positive shift in Pb isotopic compositions in the silicate sediment fraction in one of the Umbria-Marche sections, (6) an interval of extremely low hemipelagic sedimentation with hiatuses near the base of the C-T boundary and during the earliest Turonian, correlated with the maximum rise of the sea level. The presented data from the Outer Carpathians suggest that the OAE-2 could be triggered by enhanced productivity; however, subaerial volcanic eruptions, accompanied by hydrothermal activity and formation of large igneous provinces could also be a factor which enriched the ocean-atmosphere system in CO2. Sluggish deep- water circulation, probably deteriorating through the Late Cenomanian, favoured preservation of organic matter during the latest Cenomanian. The mechanism of rapid oxygenation of bottom waters near the C-T boundary was related to recurrent inflows of (?)saline warm and oxygenated waters.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2007, 77, No 2; 171-191
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Environmental changes around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in a marginal part of the Outer Carpathian Basin expressed by microfacies, microfossils and chemical records in the Skole Nappe (Poland)
Zmiany w głębokowodnym środowisku brzeżnej części basenu Karpat Zewnętrznych wokół granicy Cenomanu i Turonu wyrażone w zapisie mikrofacji, zespołach mikroskamieniałości i chemizmie utworów w Płaszczowinie Skolskiej
Autorzy:
Bąk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event
microfacies
benthic foraminifers
bulk geochemistry
Outer Carpathians
Polska
Opis:
Lithology, microfacies, benthic foraminiferal and bulk chemical analyses of the Spława section in the Skole Nappe, Outer Carpathians (Poland) reflect environmental changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian transi- tion. Biogenic-rich-turbidite sedimentation preceded the organic-rich sedimentation in the Skole Basin, termina- ting in the latest Cenomanian in response to progressive eustatic sea-level rise and to expansion of an oxygen minimum zone. The uppermost Cenomanian black, laminated, organic-rich shale series records the oceanic anoxic event (OAE-2). The benthos-free black non-calcareous shales exhibiting positive excursions of chemical redox indexes are indicative of bottom-water anoxia, interrupted by periods of suboxic conditions with sedimentation of hemipelagic green shales with poor agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages. An extremely low sedimentation rate or even a hiatus and an increase in deep-water circulation causing basin oxygenation resulted in precipitation of a ferromanganese layers and siliceous-manganiferrous variegated shales, as documented by low values of chemical redox indices. However, the lack of benthos and bioturbation, and low values of the Ce/La ratio in the subsequent succession of variegated shales (dominated by green shales) indicate a return to stressed conditions at basin floor with sluggish bottom water circulation, which occasionally resulted in sea floor anoxia with deposition of organic-rich shales. The long-termed well-oxygenated conditions at the basin floor appeared in the Early Turo- nian, as documented by diversified benthic foraminiferal assemblages. The frequency of radiolarian-rich layers and Ba/Al and Ba/Sc ratios increase up-section, reflecting an increase in primary productivity, induced by upwelling circulation.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2007, 77, No 1; 39-67
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Forainiferal biostratigraphy of the Egerian flysch sediments in the Silesian Nappe, Outer Carpathians, Polish part of the Bieszczady Mountains
Biostratygrafia otwornicowa utworów egeru płaszczowiny śląskiej Karpat zewnętrznych w polskiej części Bieszczadów
Autorzy:
Bąk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191850.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
foraminifera
biostratigraphy
Egerian
Outer Carpathians
Central Paratethys
Bieszczady Mountains
Opis:
Planktonic and benthic Foraminifera have been studied from the youngest deposits of the Krosno beds in the inner part of the Silesian Nappe (Outer Carpathians) in the Bieszczady Mountains. The studied part of the Krosno beds consists of Egerian (upper Oligocene–lower Miocene) flysch sediments, deposited within the Outer Carpathian Basin, a part of the Central Paratethys. Two interval zones: Tenuitella munda Zone and Globigeri- nelloides primordius Zone have been distinguished basing on the succession of planktonic Foraminifera. Additionally, Paragloborotalia inaequiconica Interval Subzone has been defined within the first one. Occurrence of calcareous nannoplankton, dinocyst assemblages and isochronous horizons of coccolith limestones (the Jasło Limestone and Zagórz Limestone) enabled correlation of the planktonic foraminiferal zones with chronostrati- graphy. The boundary between the two distinguished zones corresponds to the base of NN1 nannoplankton Zone (defined by the occurrence of Helicosphaera scissura) equivalent to the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. The base of the P. inaequiconica Subzone corresponds to the position of the Zagórz Limestone, refferred to NP 24 Zone (early Egerian). The benthic foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by bathyal, calcareous, hyaline, smooth-walled taxa, indicative of anoxic environment. The benthic assemblages remained relatively stable throughout the late Oligocene and were more diversified during the earliest Miocene, most probably in response to the oxygenation of bottom waters, due to the opening of new connections between the Central Paratethys and the Mediterranean region.
W pracy przedstawiono zespoły otwornic egeru z najmłodszych utworów jednostki śląskiej w bieszczadzkiej części Karpat Zewnętrznych. Otwornice planktoniczne były podstawą do wydzielenia poziomów biostratygraficznych, których granice zostały porównane z danymi opartymi o wapienny nanoplankton (Garecka; w: Haczewski et al., A, B, oddane do druku) i dinocysty (Gedl; w: Haczewski et al., A, oddane do druku), a także odniesieniu ich do pozycji stratygraficznej dwóch chrohoryzontów - wapienia jasielskiego i wapienia z Zagórza. Praca niniejsza jest kontynuacją badań na tym obszarze (Bąk, 1999) i stanowi ich podsumowanie. Płaszczowina śląska jest na obszarze Bieszczadów zbudowana wyłącznie z warstw krośnieńskich (Fig. 1, 2) o miąższości ok. 3,5 km, w tym z ponad 1,3 km miąższości serią zawierającą gruboławicowe, grzbietotwórcze piaskowce otryckie. Ich obecność w warstwach krośnieńskich była podstawą do wyróżnienia w tej części jednostki śląskiej tzw. strefy bieszczadzkiej (lub strefy Otryt - Bitla), której długość wynosi ok. 150 km, a szerokość 15-20 km. W przekroju Bieszczadów strefa ta zbudowana jest z kilku łusek i fałdów, wśród których synklina Dźwiniacza Górnego zawiera bardzo miąższe i najmłodsze serie utworów fliszowych. Dotychczasowe prace stratygraficzne na tym obszarze (Haczewski et al., A, B oddane do druku) wskazywały na oligoceński wiek całej serii warstw krośnieńskich, w tym również warstw najmłodszych. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono rezultaty opróbowania najmłodszej serii warstw krośnieńskich, tzw. warstw nadotryckich (oddział górny warstw krośnieńskich), które występują powyżej serii z piaskowcami otryckimi. Warstwy nadotryckie (maks. miąższość ok. 1050 m) tworzy seria silnie wapnistych, szarych i ciemnoszarych łupków marglistych, o charakterystycznej grubej (“mydlastej”) oddzielności, przeławicających się z wapnistymi, cienkoławicowymi, laminowanymi mułowcami i piaskowcami. Lokalnie wśród tej serii występują grube ławice piaskowców średnioziarnistych, bezstrukturalnych oraz pojedyncze, czarne serie z wirowcami (o miąższości 1-2 m). W najwyższej części warstw nadotryckich występuje jeden lub kilka soczewkowatych pakietów piaskowców średnioziarnistych, gruboławicowych, z laminacją równoległą, przekątną i konwolutną, o sumarycznej miąższości ok. 30 m. W niższej części warstw nadotryckich wykartowano ponadto 2 ważne dla stratygrafii horyzonty wapieni kokolitowych, tzw. wapień jasielski i wapień z Zagórza. W obrębie badanych utworów zostały one znalezione w obu skrzydłach synkliny Dźwiniacza Górnego. Wapienie te, znane z wielu miejsc w Karpatach Zewnętrznych są poziomami korelacyjnymi (Jucha, 1958; 1969, Koszarski & Żytko, 1959, 1961; Jucha & Kotlarczyk, 1961; Haczewski, 1984, 1989), a w niniejszej pracy są one ważnym elementem stratygrafii. Analizy mikropaleontologiczne wykorzystano na próbach pobranych z kilku profili w obrębie wspomnianej synkliny, tj.: w profilu Dźwiniacza Górnego (Fig. 3A, 4), w 2 profilach wokół Kiczery Dydiowskiej (Fig. 3B, 5) i w profilu Czereszni (Fig. 3C i 6). Ponadto wykorzystano dane z profilu Sanu w rejonie Dźwiniacza Górnego, będące wcześniej przedmiotem osobnej publikacji (Bąk, 1999). Zespoły otwornic opisano z kilku serii warstw nadotryckich, których granice stanowią horyzonty wapieni kokolitowych oraz wydzielono dodatkowo najwyższą część warstw nadotryckich, którą charakteryzuje odmienny zespół taksonów.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2005, 75, 1; 71-93
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mid-Cretaceous spicule-rich turbidites in the Silesian Nappe of the Polish Outer Carpathians : radiolarian and foraminiferal biostratigraphy
Autorzy:
Bąk, M.
Bąk, K.
Ciurej, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2058910.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Outer Carpathians
middle-upper Cenomanian
spicule-rich turbidites
radiolarians
foraminifers
biostratigraphy
Opis:
Spicule-rich turbidites are widespread in mid-Cretaceous deep-water flysch of the Subsilesian and Silesian units in the Polish Outer Carpathians. The spicule-richmaterial with an admixture of numerous radiolarian and foraminiferal particles was supplied, together with siliciclastic material, from shallow environments, mostly from the northern margin of the Carpathian Basin. We present new data on the age of these deposits in the Silesian Nappe, where they are distinguished as the Mikuszowice Cherts. This unit is composed of mediumand thick-bedded siliciclastic to calcareous turbidites including bluish cherts in their middle and upper parts and of thin non-calcareous hemipelagic shales.We have studied radiolaria and foraminifera from hemipelagic sediments and spicule-rich turbidites, from two continuous sections in the Barnasiówka Range (BeskidWyspowyMts.) that included theMikuszowice Cherts (31 m thick) and their transition into the surrounding units. The age of the Mikuszowice Cherts was determined taking into account the following radiolarian datum events: (1) the occurrence of Praeconocaryomma lipmanae in the entire unit, (2) the FO (first occurrence) of Hemicryptocapsa tuberosa in the upper part of the unit, (3) the FO of Amphipyndax stocki close to the upper boundary of the unit, (4) the FO of Hemicryptocapsa prepolyhedra in the lowermost part of the overlying Barnasiówka Radiolarian Shale Formation. These datum events appear successively in theWestern Tethys successions within the Rotalipora cushmani planktonic foraminiferal Zone, which corresponds to the middle and upper Cenomanian (except for its uppermost part). The foraminiferal assemblages, in which such taxa as Rotalipora cf. cushmani, R. cf. greenhornensis, whiteinellids and Uvigerinammina praejankoi successively appear, confirm the mid-late Cenomanian age of the spicule-rich turbidites in the Silesian Nappe.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2005, 49, 3; 275--290
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Barnasiówka Radiolarian Shale Formation - a new lithostratigraphic unit in the Upper Cenomanian-lowermost Turonian of the Polish Outer Carpathians (Silesian Series)
Formacja Łupków Radiolariowych z Barnasiówki - nowa jednostka litostratygraficzna w górnym cenomanie i najniższym turonie w Polskich Karpatach Zewnętrznych (Seria Śląska)
Autorzy:
Bąk, K.
Bąk, M.
Paul, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191433.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
lithostratigraphy
biostratigraphy
Cenomanian
Turonian
Silesian Nappe
Outer Carpathians
Opis:
A new lithostratigraphic unit - the Barnasiówka Radiolarian Shale Formation - is herein defined. It belongs to the Silesian Series of the Outer Carpathians. The formation consists of biosiliceous deposits rich in organic matter, laid down around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary. The formation includes, from bottom to top: (1) a series of green to black, calcareous and siliceous shales, alternating with layers of chert, siliceous siltstone and sandstone (up to 10 m thick); (2) a series of green to black, argillaceous to siliceous shales, intercalated with tuffites, bentonites, and a ferromanganese layer (up to 9 cm thick) in its middle part (up to 3.2 m thick); (3) a series of green and red, siliceous siltstones and cherts with intercalations of non-calcareous green shales and benthonites (up to 2 m thick). The total thickness of the formation ranges from 0.5 m in the eastern part (reduced tectonically?) up to about 14-15 m in the middle and the western parts of the Silesian Nappe, due to the increase in the number and thickness of turbidite intercalations. The formation represents the Holocryptocanium barbui - Holocryptocanium tuberculatum through the Alie-vium superbum radiolarian zones and the Uvigerinammina praejankoi-Uvigerinammina jankoi foraminiferal zones, which correspond to the Upper Cenomanian through the lowermost Turonian. Microfacies and geochemical characteristics of the distinguished lithological types are presented in this paper, based on recent studies and published data. The described formation has been compared and correlated with deposits of similar age from other tectonic- facies units of the Outer Carpathians in Poland and Ukraine.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2001, 71, No 2; 75-103
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lithistid spicules in the sediments of the Turonian Variegated Shale in the Silesian Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians
Autorzy:
Okoński, S.
Górny, Z.
Bąk, M.
Bąk, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/184590.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
sponge spicules
lithistida
Turonian
Variegated Shale
Silesian Nappe
Outer Carpathians
Opis:
Turbiditic silty and sandy intercalations in the Turonian Variegated Shale from the Silesian Nappe (Polish Outer Carpathians) contain numerous sponge spicules among siliciclastic fine-grained particles. The highest amount of spicule admixture is nearly 50%. In such layers, they create spiculitic sublitharenite microfacies. These sponge spicules contain forms belonging mostly to the Lithistida group (97% of morphotypes), with a small admixture of spicules from the Hexactinellidae group. Tetraclones with a high content of different types of triaenes dominate among desmas, what indicates the dominance of sponges from subfamily Tetracladina. The preservation state of spicules is generally poor. The Variegated Shale deposits that contain the sponge spicules were accumulated in a deep sea basin, below the calcium compensation depth. Most probably, the spicules were derived from loose material accumulated earlier in various parts of the basin slopes, from which they were exhumed and again redeposited by turbidity currents during the Turonian times.
Źródło:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment; 2014, 40, 1; 33-48
2299-8004
2353-0790
Pojawia się w:
Geology, Geophysics and Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Coal-bearing submarine slump sediments from Oligocene–Miocene transition of the Eastern Carpathians (Bieszczady Mountains, SE Poland)
Autorzy:
Bąk, K.
Wolska, A.
Zielińska, M.
Bąk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2060286.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
coal pebbles
submarine slump
petrography
foraminifera
Oligocene–Miocene transition
Outer Carpathians
Bieszczady Mts.
Opis:
A new finding of lustrous coal particles from the youngest flysch sediments of the Silesian Nappe, Polish Eastern Carpathians, outcropped in the Bieszczady Mountains is here presented. The coal material occurs in a 1-m thick submarine slump layer in the Kiczera Dydiowska Sandstones, which belong to the youngest part of the Krosno Beds. Coal particles are numerous (up to 16%) in a massive sandstone of the slump layer. The siliciclastic particles from these sediments are classified as material from weathered rocks of continental block or they have been recycled from post-orogenic sediments. Lustrous coal represents coaly plant fragments, which are mostly homogeneous, belonging to macerals of vitrinite group. Some coal pebbles display tree structure, typical of gelified xylites, due to impregnation of cell walls by resinite, which occurrence in this material indicates terrestrial plants producing waxes and resins. Some of gelified plant debris shows evidence of pyritization, what in the absence of inertinite macerals in coal may indicate dysoxic conditions during first decomposition processes of organic matter under water environment. Coaly-bearing slump moved down most probably from SW during Oligocene–Miocene transition time. This shows that an intrabasinal massif, as the uplifted fragment of ?Precambrian craton, which supplied large amount of siliciclastic material to the Silesian–Subsilesian basin during the lower–middle Oligocene, still existed at the end of the Oligocene.
Źródło:
Geological Quarterly; 2015, 59, 2; 300--315
1641-7291
Pojawia się w:
Geological Quarterly
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Successive stages of calcitization and silicification of Cenomanian spicule-bearing turbidites based on microfacies analysis, Polish Outer Carpathians
Autorzy:
Bąk, B.
Górny, Z.
Bąk, K.
Wolska, A.
Stożek, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191355.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
calcitization
silicification
sponge spicules
spicule-bearing turbidites
cherts
Cenomanian
Outer Carpathians
Opis:
Mid-Cretaceous turbidites with large proportions of sponge spicules are widely distributed in the Silesian Nappe of the Outer Carpathians, giving rise to diversified types of sediments, from spiculites to spicule-bearing siliciclastics and calcarenites. Part of this succession, Middle–Late Cenomanian in age, was transformed into cherts. A microfacies study showed that these turbidite sediments underwent several stages of calcitization and silicification, which took place during Mid-Cretaceous times in different sedimentary environments, i.e., on a northern shelf bordering the Silesian Basin and on a deep sea floor. The first diagenetic changes were related to changes to the biotic components of the turbidite layers, dominated by siliceous sponge spicules. This process, which took place in the spiculitic carbonate mud on the shelves, was related to the calcitization of sponge spicules. Calcareous clasts and calcified skeletal elements also were corroded by bacteria. After transportation down the slope, the biogenic and siliciclastic particles were deposited below the carbonate compensation depth. Taphonomic processes on the basin floor and alternating phases of carbonate and silica cementations, recrystallization and dissolution occurred in these sediments and were related to the diversification in composition of successive turbidite layers. Silicification was related to the formation of quartz precipitates as fibrous chalcedony or microcrystalline quartz, which were derived from the earlier dissolution of amorphous silica, originating mostly from siliceous sponge spicules and radiolarian skeletons. However, a source of silica from hydrothermal vents was also possible. The initial silica precipitation could have taken place in a slightly acidic environment, where calcite was simultaneously dissolved. A number of silicification stages, visible as different forms of silica precipitate inside moulds after bioclasts, occur in the particular turbidite layers. They were related to changes in various elements of the pore-water profile after descending turbidity-current flows. A very low sedimentation rate during the Middle–Late Cenomanian in the Silesian Basin may have favoured the sequence of initial calcitization and silicification stages of the turbidite sediments.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2015, 85, 1; 187-203
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8

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