Temat: The Apostolic Constitutions - Katalog OPAC zbiorów

Skocz do pozycji: 1.

Tytuł:: Ideał chrześcijanina w świetle „Konstytucji apostolskich”
Ideal christian in the light of the Apostles Constitutio
Autorzy:: Zgraja, Brunon
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2007959.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Uniwersytet Szczeciński. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
Tematy:: Patristic
Apostolic Constitutions
the ideal of Christian
holiness
patrologia
Konstytucje apostolskie
ideał chrześcijanina
świętość
Opis:: Zarówno apostołowie, jaki i wiele pokoleń głosicieli Ewangelii, chcąc ułatwić chrześcijanom realizację Chrystusowego wezwania do doskonałości, konstruowali obraz doskonałego ucznia Chrystusa, modyfikowany w zależności od panujących tendencji teologicznych, filozoficznych koncepcji oraz od kultury i obyczajów środowiska. Cennym źródłem do poznania ideału chrześcijanina, na którego kształt miała wpływ wielokulturowość oraz różnorodność wyznaniowa, są powstałe pod koniec IV wieku Konstytucje apostolskie. Zaprezentowany w nich obraz doskonałego chrześcijanina, wynikający z troski autora dzieła o chrześcijańską tożsamość, stanowi - jak wykazała to analiza ekshortacji i nakazów zawartych w Konstytucjach - wezwanie do podążania drogą wierności Chrystusowemu przykazaniu miłości Boga i bliźniego, którego realizacja przejawiać się miała przede wszystkim w pobożności, postawie nawrócenia oraz gotowości do męczeństwa. Istotne dopełnienie tak wypełnianego Chrystusowego nakazu miłości widział autor Konstytucji w pielęgnowaniu pobożności i gotowości do nieustannego przebaczania, miłości nieprzyjaciół, wspieraniu potrzebujących, posłuszeństwie władzy świeckiej i duchowej. Rozumiana w ten sposób miłość bliźniego wiązała się także z pielęgnowaniem miłości małżeńskiej i rodzicielskiej, czego wyrazem miały być: wierność małżeńska, otwarcie na życie, szacunek, wzajemna miłość, oddanie i wsparcie, a w odniesieniu do miłości rodzicielskiej - troska o przyszłość potomstwa. W ideał chrześcijanina wpisana została też akceptacja przez ucznia Chrystusa doktryny Kościoła, jak również postawa roztropności, nieodzowna w przypadku obcowania z kulturą obcą chrześcijaństwu i towarzyszące jej starania, mające na celu umocnienie i rozwój wiary.
Both the apostles, and many generations of preachers of the Gospel, in order to facilitate the implementation of the Christ calls Christians to perfection, a constructed image of the perfect disciple of Christ, modified depending on the trends of theological, philosophical concepts and the culture and customs environment. A valuable source of information about the Christian ideal, the shape of which was influenced by multiculturalism and religious diversity, are formed in the late fourth century - Apostolic Constitutions. Presented in them the image of the perfect Christian, resulting from concern of the author of a work of Christian identity, is, as shown by an analysis of the exhortation and precepts contained in the Constitutions, the call to follow the path of faithfulness to Christ's commandment to love God and neighbour, the implementation of which would be manifested primarily in piety , the attitude of repentance and a willingness to martyrdom. So essential complement to the filled Christ's injunction love, seen by the Constitution in fostering devotion and willingness to constantly forgiveness, love of enemies, supporting the needy, obedience to secular authority and spiritual. Understood in this way, love of neighbour also was associated with cultivating conjugal love and parental what was to be an expression of marital fidelity, openness to life, respect, mutual love, devotion and support, and in relation to parental love - concern about the future offspring. The Christian ideal has also written acceptance by the student of Christ Church doctrine, as well as the attitude of prudence, essential for associating with a foreign culture, Christianity and the accompanying efforts aimed at strengthening and development of the faith.
Źródło:: Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana; 2015, 1; 191-214
1731-0555
2353-2998
Pojawia się w:: Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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Tytuł:: Żołnierz i służba wojskowa w świetle kościelnych źródeł normatywnych z IV i V wieku
Soldiers and military service in the light of legislative Church sources from the fourth and fifth centuries
Autorzy:: Hołasek, Andrzej
Powiązania:: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/613811.pdf
Data publikacji:: 2015
Wydawca:: Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:: chrześcijański żołnierz
służba wojskowa
przepisy kościelne
Kanony Hipolita
Listy św. Bazylego
Konstytucje apostolskie
Kanony apostolskie
Christian soldier
military service
Church regulations
Canons of Hippolytus
Letters of St. Basil
Apostolic Constitutions
Canons of the Apostles
Opis:: At the beginning of the fourth century the legal situation of Christians in the Roman Empire changed dramatically. Thanks to the Emperor Constantine they were no longer persecuted, and their faith became religio licita. From that point onwards the views of Christians on the state began to evolve. It was a long-term process, and happened at a varied pace. One of the aspects of this transformation was the change of Christian attitude to military service. It needs to be said that, from this perspective, the Church legislative sources have not been examined in a great detail. This article aims to take a closer look at several of the sources that include Church regulations relating to military service of the fourth and fifth centuries. These include, i.a., Canons of Hippolytus; Letters of St. Basil; Apostolic Constitutions and Canons of the Apostles. In addition, the article discusses the relevant contents of synodal and council canons from said period. These regulations show the adaptation of Church legislature to the new circumstances, in which the Roman state stopped being the persecutor and became the protector of Christianity. The analysis of numerous documents confirms that Christians were present in the Roman army already in the third century. Because of the spilling of blood and the pagan rites performed in the army, the Church hierarchs strongly resisted the idea of allowing Christians to serve in the military. Church regulations from the third century strictly forbade enlisting in the army, or continuing military service for those who were newly accepted into the community, for the reasons mentioned above. From other documents, however, we learn that the number of Christians in the army was nonetheless increasing. Many were able to reconcile military service with their conscience. At the beginning of the fourth century emperor Constantine granted Christians religious freedom. He allowed Christian soldiers to abstain from invoking pagan gods while swearing military oath (sacramentum), and to participate in Sunday services. The empire was slowly becoming a Christian state. It is for this reason that in the Church regulations from the fourth and fifth century we find acceptance for the presence of Christians in the army. Even though killing of an enemy required undertaking penance, it was no longer a reason for excommunication with no possibility of returning to the Christian communion. The Church expected Christian soldiers to be satisfied with their wages alone, and to avoid harming others through stealing, forced lodging or taking food. The Church in the East no longer considered it wrong to accept gifts for the upkeep of clergy and other faithful from the soldiers who behaved in a correct manner. From the mid-fourth century performing religious services started being treated as separate from performing a layperson’s duties. For this reason the bishops, in both parts of the empire, decided that clergy are barred from military service. In the West, those of the faithful who enlisted with the army after being baptised could no longer be consecrated in the future. In the East, the approach was less rigorous, as the case of Nectarius, the Archbishop of Constantinople, shows. By the end of the fourth century, the West adopted very strict rules of public penance for soldiers – the Popes reminded in their letters to the bishops in Spain and Gaul that after performing the public penance, the soldiers were forbidden to return to the army. We should not forget that the change in the attitude of the Church to military service was also affected by the political-military situation of the Empire. During the fourth and fifth centuries its borderlands were persistently harassed by barbarian raids, and the Persian border was threatened. Let us also remember that the army was not popular in the Roman society during this period. For these reasons, the shifting position of the Church had to be positively seen by the Empire’s ruling elites. The situation became dramatic at the beginning of the fifth century, when Rome was sacked by barbarians. Developing events caused the clergy to deepen their reflections on the necessity of waging war and killing enemies. Among such clergymen was St. Augustine, in whose writings we may find a justification of the so-called just war. Meanwhile, in the East, the view that wars can be won only with God’s help began to dominate.
Źródło:: Vox Patrum; 2015, 63; 353-373
0860-9411
2719-3586
Pojawia się w:: Vox Patrum
Dostawca treści:: Biblioteka Nauki

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