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    Wyświetlanie 1-8 z 8
    Tytuł:
    Mesjanizm Stanisława Przybyszewskiego
    Autorzy:
    Grajek, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/607736.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    messianism
    “Zdrój”
    Juliusz Słowacki
    the Great War
    expressionism
    mesjanizm
    „Zdrój”
    I wojna światowa
    ekspresjonizm
    Opis:
    The article describes the path of Stanisław Przybyszewski, broadly considered as a decadent towards the messianism concept. Basing on the theory of five world views by Michał Łuczewski, the author presents the writer’s apoliticism and life choices. The article outlines the romantic basis of Przybyszewski’s mindset, as well as the impact which the changing environment – move to Berlin, editing “Życie” magazine in Kraków, and years of cooperation with Poznań’s based “Zdrój” – had on him. The paper describes a significant influence that Juliusz Słowacki’s writing – especially the ones from his last, genesian period – had on the writer. The author analyses Przybyszewski’s perspective on Słowacki – first in the period of editing “Życie”, and later – working with “Zdrój”. The article distinguishes the contrast of influence which Słowacki had on Przybyszewski and Wincenty Lutosławski. The author points to the crucial rationale for writer’s changing world view: time of the Great War, and his financial problems due to declining popularity. This period is presented as the time of exploration – resulting in Przybyszewski’s turn to the romantic ideas of mysticism and messianism.
    Artykuł przedstawia drogę Stanisława Przybyszewskiego, uważanego powszechnie za dekadenta, do idei mesjanistycznej. Autor tekstu, na podstawie teorii pięciu światopoglądów stworzonej przez Michała Łuczewskiego, przedstawia apolityczność pisarza i jego życiowe wybory. W artykule ukazane zostaje romantyczne podglebie światopoglądu Przybyszewskiego, a także konsekwencje wynikające ze zmian przezeń środowiska – od wyjazdu do Berlina, przez okres redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, po lata współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. W tekście omówiono również przemożny wpływ na pisarza utworów Juliusza Słowackiego z jego ostatniego, genezyjskiego okresu. Na zasadzie kontrastu przedstawione zostały dwie drogi inspiracji Słowackim – Przybyszewskiego oraz Wincentego Lutosławskiego. Analizie poddano również stosunek pisarza do Słowackiego zarówno w okresie redagowania krakowskiego „Życia”, jak i późniejszej współpracy z poznańskim „Zdrojem”. Jako najistotniejsze przyczyny przemian światopoglądowych Przybyszewskiego wskazane zostają załamanie sytuacji finansowej pisarza, wynikające ze spadku popularności jego utworów, oraz trudna sytuacja literata podczas wielkiej wojny. Ten moment, zdaniem autora artykułu, stanowi w biografii Przybyszewskiego czas poszukiwań, zwieńczony zwrotem pisarza w stronę romantycznych idei mistycyzmu i mesjanizmu.
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia; 2015, 33, 1
    0239-426X
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio FF – Philologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Memory of the Great War in two books for children – Polish and English perspectives
    Autorzy:
    Zabawa, Krystyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40615050.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    Bronisława Ostrowska
    Kate Saunders
    I wojna światowa
    pamięć
    literatura dziecięca
    the Great War
    memory
    children’s literature
    Opis:
    Two books for children about the Great War will be discussed: Bohaterski miś [Heroic teddy bear] by Bronisława Ostrowska and Five Children on the Western Front by Kate Saunders. It will be a comparative analysis. The books differ in terms of national perspective (Polish and English), but also in the time of edition – just after the war and a hundred years later. Thus, Ostrowska’s memory about the war is her own memory, whereas Saunders’ writing can be called a postmemory narrative. The aim of the paper is to answer the questions: what is similar and what is different in the two selected children’s novels about the Great War? What are the ways of transmitting memory? What do the writers want to save for new generations?
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria; 2023, 23; 125-138
    2081-1853
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wielka Wojna na Lubelszczyźnie. Zniszczenia historycznych miast i losy zabytków
    The Great War in the Lublin Land. Destruction of historical cities and the losses suffered by historical monuments
    Autorzy:
    Gałecka, Marzena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535270.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Krasnystaw
    Ostrów Lubelski
    Końskowola
    Wielka Wojna
    I wojna światowa
    straty i zniszczenia wojenne
    the Great War
    World War I
    war losses and destructions
    Opis:
    During the Great War, 342 000 square kilometres, that is, nearly 90 percent of the territory of Poland (within the borders before 1939) were the areas of direct military activities. Out of the 16 provinces, damages and losses directly caused by the war were recorded in 13 of them. The total number of buildings destroyed or significantly damaged during the war (following the data referring to the area of the former Kingdom of Poland only) was over 1 884 000. The direct causes included artillery and gun fire, dismantling for the purposes of trenches and other military purposes, fuel, as well as accidental or intentional fires. In 1915, the withdrawal of the Russian army involved deliberate destruction and burning of buildings. As specified in the statistical data, the largest losses as regards buildings in the territory of the present-day Lublin Province (taking into account the losses in the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland) were recorded in the district of Chełm – 41.9% (the largest of all districts). In other districts, the percentage of destroyed buildings was as follows: in the district of Hrubieszów 29.5%, Tomaszów 21.2%, Lubartów 21.1%, Lublin 17.6%, Krasnystaw 17.4%, Puławy 16%, Biłgoraj 14.7%, Zamość 12.8%, Janów 8.8% and Łuków 8.2%. Within those districts, many towns with historical buildings and historical churches, Orthodox churches, synagogues and public utility buildings were destroyed. One of the most valuable towns destroyed during the War was Kazimierz nad Wisłą, in which a number of historical, 17th-century tenements were burned. The article describes the destructions in three towns of the Lublin Land: Krasnystaw, Końskowola and Ostrów Lubelski. Krasnystaw during World War I was conquered three times. It was a strategic town, among others, for the reason of the nearby Russian railway Lublin – Chełm – Kowel. Within the historical town (that is, excluding the suburbs), 180 buildings were destroyed, including 68 residential ones. The Baroque, former Jesuit church of Francis Xavier, built in the years 1695- 1717 following the design of the architect Jan Delamars, was damaged. The brick synagogue and the seat of town authorities were burned. In 1915, the Russian army withdrawing from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland fought fierce battles on the section Końskowola – Kurów – Markuszów – Garbów – Jastków. They resulted in, among others, the destruction of Końskowola, in which 326 buildings out of the 333 recorded ones were burned. Roman Catholic churches have survived, but other parish buildings and the historical bell tower from 1778 were destroyed. The synagogue built before 1882 was burned and, for that reason, it was closed until 1921. The wooden residential and utility buildings in Ostrów Lubelski were destroyed nearly in 2/3 in August 1915, as the fire caused by artillery fire of German forces, attacking the withdrawing Russian army, destroyed 512 residential buildings (out of 822 recorded in 1914). The brick, Baroque Roman Catholic church, built following a design of the architect Paweł Fontana and a brick Orthodox church built in the years 1888-1890 following a design of the architect Wiktor Syczugow, were damaged by bullets. The history of wartime destructions and the losses borne during World War I concerning single historical monuments, groups of monuments and in the areas of historical urban complexes has not been examined and described exhaustingly, and many archival sources have not been studied yet.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 23-41
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ŻOŁNIERZE US ARMY NA EUROPEJSKICH FRONTACH I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ
    (Soldiers of the US Army in the European fronts of World War I
    Autorzy:
    Szczepanik, Wacław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/483768.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-05-30
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim
    Tematy:
    armia Stanów Zjednoczonych
    Front Zachodni
    wojna okopowa
    I wojna światowa
    The Great War
    United States Army
    the Western Front
    the trench warfare
    Opis:
    W pierwszych latach I wojny światowej Stany Zjednoczone prowadziły politykę izolacjonizmu. Przystąpienie Amerykanów do wojny w Europie w 1917 r. miało przechylić szalę zwycięstwa na stronę Ententy, niemniej pierwsze doświadczenia wojny okopowej szybko uzmysłowiły amerykańskim dowódcom jak bardzo podlegli im żołnierze nie są przygotowani do realiów konfliktu nowego typu. Dopiero zyskiwane stopniowo doświadczenie wojenne pozwoliło armii amerykańskiej osiągnąć odpowiedni poziom bojowy. O ile udział Amerykanów w walkach na froncie zachodnim nie był decydujący o powodzeniu kampanii to i tak stanowił poważny wkład w zwycięstwo nad Niemcami.
    In the early years of the Great War the United States of America had decided to maintain the policy of isolationism. Joining of the Americans onto war was believed to turn the tide on the side of the Entente, but the first experiences of the trench warfare quickly realized the US Army commanders how green and unprepared their subordinates were. The early days of fighting showed that the US Army was not prepared for the realities of the new type of conflict. Only gradually gained war experience allowed the US military to achieve an adequate combat level. Even though the Americans did not turn the tide their presence on the Western Front was a great contribution to the victory over Germany
    Źródło:
    Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem; 2015, 1(4); 69-81
    2353-6306
    Pojawia się w:
    Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Społeczeństwo polskie wobec armii rosyjskiej w pierwszych miesiącach I wojny światowej na podstawie literatury wspomnieniowej
    Polish society attitudes towards the Russian Army in the first months of the Great War on the basis of memorial literature
    Autorzy:
    Golak, Artur
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2046437.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-01-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    I wojna światowa
    Wielka Wojna
    Królestwo Polskie
    rosyjscy żołnierze
    Kozacy
    stereotyp
    World War I
    the Great War
    the Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland)
    Russian soldiers
    Cossacks
    stereotype
    Opis:
    Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie wizerunku żołnierzy rosyjskich prezentowanego na kartach literatury wspomnieniowej, dokumentującej pierwszy rok Wielkiej Wojny. Tekst prezentuje postawy i opinie na temat żołnierzy armii rosyjskiej. Konfrontowane są one z ukształtowanym, skrajnie negatywnym, stereotypem rosyjskiego żołnierza funkcjonującym w polskim społeczeństwie. W artykule prezentowane są opinie indywidualne oraz spostrzeżenia wynikające z obserwacji reakcji ogółu mieszkańców, a dotyczące zachowania rosyjskiego wojska, relacji z cywilami, prezencji żołnierskiej. W artykule autor wskazuje na elementy rzeczywistości społeczno-politycznej, które były źródłem takiego stanu rzeczy.
    The purpose of this article is to present the image of Russian soldiers as presented in the memoirs documenting the first year of the Great War. The text presents the attitudes and opinions expressed and presented about the soldiers of the Russian army. This is confronted with the formed, extremely negative stereotype of the Russian soldier functioning in Polish society. The text presents individual opinions and observations resulting from the scrutiny of the reactions of the general population, concerning the behavior of the Russian army, relations with civilians, and military presence. In the article, the author points to the elements of the socio-political reality that were the source of this state of affairs.
    Źródło:
    Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne; 2021, 27, 1; 9-17
    2299-2367
    Pojawia się w:
    Uniwersyteckie Czasopismo Socjologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Los rodziny Antoniego Mysakowskiego w pierwszym roku Wielkiej Wojny
    The history of the family of Antoni Mysakowski in the first year of the Great War
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/535902.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    Wielka Wojna
    I wojna światowa
    Antoni Mysakowski
    Janina Mysakowska
    Franciszek Stachnik
    Eugenia Dominiowa
    Biłgoraj
    Huta Krzeszowska
    Nowiny
    Zawadki
    Lubelszczyzna
    Syberia
    the Great War
    World War I
    the Lublin Land
    Siberia
    Opis:
    For the author of this publication, the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I became an opportunity to look at its first dozen moths in the south of the Lublin Land in the context of both military activities and the fate of civilians on the example of the family of the exiled Antoni Mysakowski, an organist from Huta Krzeszowska. The article was written on the basis of available publications referring to military activities in that area as well as unpublished family archives from early 20th century. The sources comprise the letters and documents confirming the imprisonment of Antoni Mysakowski by Russians in 1914 and his exile to Siberia, as well as parts of the diary of his daughter Janina, containing, among others, short reports from the front and its back-up in the territory of the southern Lublin Land – the places where she stayed with her family at that time. As the registers of births, marriages and deaths specify, the family of Antoni Mysakowski was connected with the Lublin Land from at least the 18th century, initially with the region of Chełm and Krasnystaw. Jan Mysakowski, the grandfather of the author of the diary, came with his family to Huta Krzeszowska which, at that time, was located in the district of Biłgoraj, around 1880. Their son, Antoni, spent many years in Huta with his wife, Stanisława nee Nowakowska. In 1894, their daughter, Janina, was born there. When the war broke out, Janina Mysakowska stayed in the area of Zwierzyniec and Szczebrzeszyn. When she stayed in the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz, she found herself in the area of fights between the Austrian 4th Army of General Moritz von Auffenberg and the Russian 5th Army of General Pavel von Plehve. At that time, between 26 August and 2 September 1914, there was a great battle, referred to as the Battle of Komarów. Janina recollects the fights of 28 August. At that time, Eugenia Dominiowa nee Aleksiewicz (1872-1917), the wife of a clerk employed with a local sugar factory lived in Klemensów, where ordinate Zamoyski had his residence. In her diary, she described the military activities in Klemensów and in other places in the southern Lublin Land. Parts of that diary were published in 1938 in “Teka Zamojska”. Antoni Mysakowski’s family, staying in the area of Szczebrzeszyn, did not know his fate or the fate of other inhabitants of Huta Krzeszowska after the Austrians had marched into the area. It was only after her return home in 1914, when the Austro-Hungarian army was forced behind the San, that Janina got to know that her father had accepted the Austrians’ proposal to take over the post of a head of the village and, as a result, he was arrested by Russians. Janina described briefly the situation in Huta, where Russian troops were deployed permanently, she mentioned the fights by the San river which lasted over three weeks, until the Russians had crossed the river. At that time, the situation of Antoni Mysakowski, which was subject to military jurisdiction, was dramatic. After the proceedings conducted in April 1915 in the Dęblin Fortress, he was brought to the prison in Lublin, from where he was to be exiled. Some of the letters addressed to him, as well as the notes of his daughter Janina, were written in that period. After his departure, Antoni lost contact with his closest family remaining in the Lublin Land – his ailing parents, his wife, exhausted with pregnancy and labour, and all his children, of which one died when he was in prison. In May and June 1915, there were fierce fights in the region of Nisko between the Austro-Hungarian and Russian forces. Janina recollects them in some parts of her diary written in Huta Krzeszowska. The Austrian-German forces which, at the beginning of May 1915 began their offensive in Galicia and managed to break off the Russian front near Gorlice, forced the Tsar’s forces to withdraw from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. In the territories which the Russian army was leaving, the evacuation of civilians began. During the evacuation, which comprised the inhabitants of eastern provinces, not only the state property, Russian offices and officials with their family were taken away. There were cases of mass expelling of people from villages and towns and destroying everything that could not be taken to Russia. The expelled civilians were exiled to Russia. Janina writes about it in her diary. The following pages of the diary describe the war-time experiences of the family, written from the end of June 1915 during the stay at the forester’s lodge in Nowiny near Nielisz. For the second time, Janina had to spend dramatic days under the rain of gun and cannon bullets. She writes about the fights of enemy armies, in this case, from the position of Austro-Hungarian and German armies fighting with Russian forces. The offensive of the allied forces under the command of General Mackensen ended at the end of July and resulted in defeating the Third Russian Army in the territories to the south of Lublin. Another stop during the wartime journey of Janina Mysakowska and her family was a village Zawadki near Susiec, where, among others, her grandfather, Jan Nowakowski, stayed. The author of the diary gives a brief account of the news from the front. Some of the information was brought by Austrian soldiers, who were still deployed in Zawadki as late as in September 1915. At the end of August, those exiled to Russia began to return, among others, to Huta Krzeszowska and other places near Biłgoraj. They were those who stayed behind the Bug River, in Volhynia, that is, the closest to the area they lived in. More people began to return as late as in mid-September, mainly those from the Lublin Land and those who were relatively close to the home country. Those who were taken far into Russia either died of hunger and epidemics or returned later, since they had to travel longer distances. In October 1915, after wandering during the war for several months, Janina with her family returned to Huta Krzeszowska. In 1918, the mother, Stanisława, died after a long illness and, two years later, a chronic disease resulted in the death of the author of the diary. Antoni Mysakowski, expelled to Siberia, settled in a small village Prospichina near Achinsk. As his situation was dramatic, he was helped by one of the organizations active in Russia – the Central Citizens’ Committee. His return to the homeland became possible as late as in September 1923. After that, he lived for 25 years, since he died in 1948 in Biłgoraj. He was buried in a local parish cemetery, near the place where, years before, his wife and daughter, the author of the diary, had been buried. The family of Antoni Mysakowski was one of hundreds Polish families which experienced trauma during the Great War. Presenting their history in the light of the war-time events was possible mainly thanks to preserved family documents and the recollections of Jadwiga, one of Antoni’s younger daughters, who died a short time ago.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 43-75
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Relikty archeologiczne Wielkiej Wojny. Znikające dziedzictwo, poza nawiasem nauki i konserwatorstwa
    Archaeological relics of the Great War. Vanishing heritage, aside from academic studies and conservator’s care
    Autorzy:
    Sabaciński, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/539675.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa
    Tematy:
    archeologia pól bitewnych
    I wojna światowa
    Wielka Wojna
    ochrona dziedzictwa militarnego
    poszukiwanie skarbów
    archaeology of battlefields
    World War I
    the Great War
    protection of military heritage
    treasure hunting
    Opis:
    Poland is one of the several states which became a theatre of military activities of World War I. The long-lasting trench warfare remained underground relics in the territory of our country, which are an element of tangible heritage. However, a proper conservator’s strategy to protect them effectively has not been developed yet. One of the methods of research of military conflicts is the so-called archaeology of battlefields, which is a novelty, also in Poland. The article points out an urgent need to develop effective methods of protection of material relics of World War I, which have sill survived in the field as relics of field fortifications constructed of non-durable materials, underground remains of military engineering, as well as the objects deposited in the original context or traces documenting the course of fighting. Archaeology is specified as a method for documenting them and drawing research conclusions, impossible to obtain in other research disciplines. A fundamental issue which makes it impossible to employ the conservator’s protection typical for the archaeological heritage is a scale of fights and their great range. For that reason, an effective protection method for such places should be developed, which would have to be based on a valorization of all historical resources. The article draws one’s attention to the hazards for the archaeological heritage of the Great War and points out its persistent marginalization by both researchers and historical monument protection services. It also refers to the problems connected with applying effective provisions of law to the protection of battlefields.
    Źródło:
    Ochrona Zabytków; 2015, 1; 131-140
    0029-8247
    Pojawia się w:
    Ochrona Zabytków
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dlaczego powinniśmy pamiętać o Operacji Łódzkiej?
    Why should we remember about Łódź Operation?
    Autorzy:
    Daszyńska, Jolanta A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/503357.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
    Tematy:
    Operacja Łódzka
    Bitwa Łódzka
    Bitwa o Łódź
    Rzeź pod Łodzią
    operacja manewrowa
    Wielka Wojna
    I wojna światowa
    Łódź
    Litzmannstadt
    Łódź Operation
    Battle of Łódź
    Battle for Łódź
    Łódź Slaughter
    maneuver operation
    the Great War, the First World War, Łódź, Litzmannstadt
    Opis:
    This article has been written in order to remember and tell us about the forgotten history from the First World War related to the city of Łódź, which is often referred to as the Battle of Łódź. Let us remember that Poles who were killed were fighting in opposing armies in foreign uniforms. They contributed to the fact that Poland gained her independence. Traces of Polish surnames can be seen in many graveyards from the period of Łódź Operation. It is important what this battle is called. The battles which took place around Łódź in autumn and winter 1914 are often called: the battle of Łódź, the battle for Łódź, Łódź Slaughter or Łódź Operation. Those names are written with capital or small letters, in inverted commas or not, sometimes written in italics. However the name Łódź Operation seems to be the most correct one, as it consisted of many battles and skirmishes, there were army transfers, attacks and defensive fights. Historians unanimously say that it was the biggest maneuver operation of the Eastern Front in the First World War. Łódź, a city abandoned by Russian authorities, faced all the consequences of war actions which then took place. The city survived the war time and equally difficult period of German occupation and on 11 November 1918 witnessed proudly the appearance of white and red flags.
    Źródło:
    Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2015, 24, 2; 7-26
    1231-1634
    Pojawia się w:
    Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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