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    Tytuł:
    „Mneme” w „Dziejach” Herodota
    Mneme in the Histories of Herodotus
    Autorzy:
    Narecki, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1045897.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-03-21
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    mneme – memory
    semantics
    the Histories
    Herodotus
    Opis:
    The word mneme, “memory”, appears 16 times in the Histories of Herodotus. The author, using the philological analysis of all its occurrences, investigates not only its significance in specific contexts but also defines and names functions that the word has in its place of use. Finally, the author classifies the identified meanings of the word mneme (in combination with the accompanying verbs) and compares its functions (as defined by the context).
    Źródło:
    Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae; 2018, 28, 2; 5-25
    0302-7384
    Pojawia się w:
    Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Król gniewny czy król szalony? Herodotowy portret Kambizesa
    AN ANGRY KING OR A MADMAN? HERODOTUS PORTRAIT OF CAMBYSES
    Autorzy:
    Marchewka, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/702719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2008
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Herodotus
    Cambyses
    Opis:
    Delineating various characters in his Histories, Herodotus is influenced by his theories on national character. This is why he presents Cambyses as a cruel barbarian despot. Many of the king’s deeds result from anger which the historian tries to justify. Other crimes, such as cruel treatment of his family and friends, and profanation of Persian and foreign religious cults, Herodotus seems to treat as signs of madness. In this article, it is shown that some of these actions could have stemmed from cultural misunderstandings: the king did not know enough about foreign religions and customs.
    Źródło:
    Meander; 2008, 63, 1-4; 76-88
    0025-6285
    Pojawia się w:
    Meander
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ethnographic Trailblazers: Herodotus, Thucydides and Xenophon
    Autorzy:
    Prus, Robert
    Burk, Matthew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2138659.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010-12-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Ethnography
    Classical Greek
    Herodotus
    Thucydides
    Xenophon
    Symbolic Interaction
    Anthropology
    History
    Pragmatism
    Generic Social Process
    Opis:
    While ethnographic research is often envisioned as a 19th or 20th century development in the social sciences (Wax 1971; Prus 1996), a closer examination of the classical Greek literature (circa 700-300BCE) reveals at least three authors from this era whose works have explicit and extended ethnographic qualities. Following a consideration of “what constitutes ethnographic research,” specific attention is given to the texts developed by Herodotus (c484-425BCE), Thucydides (c460-400BCE), and Xenophon (c430-340BCE). Classical Greek scholarship pertaining to the study of the human community deteriorated notably following the death of Alexander the Great (c384-323BCE) and has never been fully approximated over the intervening centuries. Thus, it is not until the 20th century that sociologists and anthropologists have more adequately rivaled the ethnographic materials developed by these early Greek scholars. Still, there is much to be learned from these earlier sources and few contemporary social scientists appear cognizant of (a) the groundbreaking nature of the works of Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon and (b) the obstacles that these earlier ethnographers faced in developing their materials. Also, lacking awareness of (c) the specific materials that these scholars developed, there is little appreciation of the particular life-worlds depicted therein or (d) the considerable value of their texts as ethnographic resources for developing more extended substantive and conceptual comparative analysis.  Providing accounts of several different peoples’ life-worlds in the eastern Mediterranean arena amidst an extended account of the development of Persia as a military power and related Persian-Greek conflicts, Herodotus (The Histories) provides Western scholars with the earliest, sustained ethnographic materials of record. Thucydides (History of the Peloponnesian War) generates an extended (20 year) and remarkably detailed account of a series of wars between Athens and Sparta and others in the broader Hellenistic theater. Xenophon’s Anabasis is a participantobserver account of a Greek military expedition into Persia. These three authors do not exhaust the ethnographic dimensions of the classical Greek literature, but they provide some particularly compelling participant observer accounts that are supplemented by observations and open-ended inquiries. Because the three authors considered here also approach the study of human behavior in ways that attest to the problematic, multiperspectival, reflective, negotiated, relational, and processual nature of human interaction, contemporary social scientists are apt to find instructive the rich array of materials and insights that these early ethnographers introduce within their texts. Still, these are substantial texts and readers are cautioned that we can do little more in the present statement than provide an introduction to these three authors and their works.
    Źródło:
    Qualitative Sociology Review; 2010, 6, 3; 3-28
    1733-8077
    Pojawia się w:
    Qualitative Sociology Review
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Historiē by Herodotus of Halicarnassus – theoretical issues
    Dzieje Herodota Z Halikarnasu – zagadnienia teoretyczne
    Autorzy:
    Wieżel, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1882795.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
    Tematy:
    Herodot
    Dzieje
    pisarstwo historyczne
    narracja naturalna
    dialog
    fabularyzacja
    Herodotus
    Histories
    historical writing
    natural narrative
    dialogue
    emplotment
    Opis:
    Artykuł obecny stanowi garść refleksji natury metodologicznej nad narracją w Dziejach Herodota, której podstawowym substratem jest opis świata widzianego z perspektywy doświadczenia tego, kto opowiada, tj. Herodota oraz narratywizowanego przez niego doświadczenia świadków, z którymi sam przeprowadzał wywiad dotyczący przedstawionych zdarzeń historycznych. W związku z tym traktuje się tutaj Dzieje przede wszystkim jako pewien szczególny rodzaj narracji (narrative), którą stanowi, oparta na indywidualnym doświadczeniu (personal experience) Historyka oraz jego oralnych źródeł, opowieść o konflikcie grecko-barbarzyńskim ujęta w szereg krótszych opowiadań opartych na strukturze epizodycznej. Opowiadania te Historyk scala na zasadzie, którą określa się jako „fabularyzację” (White 1973), czyli opisanie faktów historycznych jako składników specyficznego rodzaju struktur fabularnych. Metodą analizy Dziejów będzie w tym ujęciu narratologia naturalna (Fludernik 1996) dysponująca siatką pojęć dostosowanych do badania tekstów pseudo-oralnych, do których Dzieje niewątpliwie należą.
    Besides its historical values which imply a certain “accuracy” in presenting historical events and people, it is also possible to stipulate in Herodotus’ Histories these fragments which belong only to the domain of fiction, a genre literature whose basic substratum consists primarily in the description of the world seen through the eyes of the narrator-witness (histōr). In case of Histories, it is difficult to explicitly define how much of it is history and how much is literature. Nevertheless, it is certain that Histories are a special kind of storytelling, which, as shown by a closer analysis, is based on a personal and vicarious experience of the historian and his oral sources that cover several dozens of years of conflict between the East and the West, intertwined with historical, geographical and ethnological descriptions of Greek and barbaric tribes. In such a context the paper will focus on presenting a twofold nature of Herodotean discourse, revealing, on the one hand, the “rising” of the oral history from the sheer activity of dialoguing with people about the recent past, reconstructed on the basis of its formal and cognitive structure (Fludernik 1996), and, on the other hand, the technique of emplotment (White 1973) used by Herodotus to make the story reportable and tellable within the realm of an epic convention which was vivid and influenced the Archaic and Classical Greek literary texts of his times.
    Źródło:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2015, 63, 3; 43-52
    0035-7707
    Pojawia się w:
    Roczniki Humanistyczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Living with the Rules: Gender and the Rule of Law in Herodotus’ Histories
    Autorzy:
    Helen, Tank,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902844.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-09-21
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    rule of law
    Herodotus
    history
    law/nomos
    gender
    legal pluralism
    rządy prawa
    Herodot
    historia
    prawo
    płeć
    pluralizm prawny
    Opis:
    What does “the rule of law” mean to an ancient historian, Herodotus? This paper uses modern legal theories and a sociological model to consider how he presents the concept in his Histories. The author takes a novel approach in that she considers the rule of law from a gender perspective. She argues that law is as much about social and cultural rules, which involve women as much as men, as it is about institutional practices which exclude women and reinforce an ideology of female inferiority. She also shows that the rule of law is a powerful normative ideal which Herodotus uses to interrogate power. The author uses the theoretical model of law developed by the English legal scholar HLA Hart, who argues that rules have a social as well as a legal dimension (the “internal” view of law), that is, how rules are perceived by community members, and how normative behaviours are enforced by that community. She also uses the work of a legal anthropologist, Leopold Pospίčil, and feminist legal theory, to argue for a wider definition of the rule of law than that used by most contemporary scholars. She uses three case studies to show that the rule of law is a powerful force in the Histories precisely because it combines external coercive force, internal rule of conduct and normative ideal.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2019, 80; 389-403
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Portret Herodota w świetle traktatu De Herodoti malignitate Plutarcha z Cheronei
    Autorzy:
    Marchewka, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/944459.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie. Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii
    Tematy:
    Plutarch
    Herodotus
    truth
    liar
    malice
    moralist
    Opis:
    Portrait of Herodotus in the light of Plutarch’s treatise De Herodoti malignitate As a Platonist and moralist Plutarch paid particular attention truth. No wonder that in his reference to Herodotus’ Histories he took into consideration the issue of historical truth, which was for him very important - both in its ethical as well as didactic aspect. In his De Herodoti malignitate the Chaeronean moralist is concerned with truth as well as with offering moral uplift. Plutarch presents Herodotus as a perfidious liar who falsely presented such famous and heroic Greeks as Miltiades, Leonidas, Themistocles or Pausanias and - above all - depreciatingly treated the Boeotians and Corinthians. Moreover, Plutarch accuses the historian of Halicarnassus of being malicious (κακοήθεια). For him Herodotus’ lies were deliberate and slandering. Herodotus was also a blasphemer, a pro-barbarian historian; a man who disregarded women. Finally, we get the Plutarchan portrait of Herodotus himself as a blunt barbarian (ὁ ἔσχατος Καρῶν). Such a presentation of Herodotus seems to attest to Plutarch’s own prejudices, if not wickedness. By the same, however, one must take into consideration the literary tradition in which the whole treatise is rooted. So De Herodoti malignitate contains features of historical polemics and is an example of judicial rhetoric, in which the biographer attempts at persuading his readers that his charges against Herodotus are well justified. The treatise is a work representing the new intellectual trend, the so-called Second Sophistic; a polemic written in a period when the Greek intellectuals were deeply engaged in taking issues with past writers. Moreover, a fundamental aspect of De Herodoti malignitate should be taken into account - truth which is analyzed from a moral and psychological perspective. Although a leading motif of the treatise is truthfulness, the direct subject-matter of Plutarch’s considerations remains a lie, or - to put it exactly - lying. Accordingly, the Boeotian moralist singles out and analyses all the fundamental forms of lying. A suitable interpretation of the treatise De Herodoti malignitate depends thus on our knowledge of the cultural distance between Herodotus and Plutarch, although both authors were the representatives of Greek prosa.
    Źródło:
    ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal; 2017, 7, 2; 233-246
    2083-6635
    2084-1043
    Pojawia się w:
    ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Tradition of the Ionian Colonisation of Asia Minor: Remarks on the Sources
    Autorzy:
    Kuciak, Jakub
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/638031.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
    Tematy:
    colonisation
    Ionia
    Athens
    Euripides
    Thucydides
    Herodotus
    Opis:
    This article discusses the tradition of the Ionian colonisation preserved in ancient literary sources. The author focuses on the time and circumstances in which the view that the Athenians were responsible for the Ionian colonisation emerged. He also examines whether there is any support in the sources for the opinion expressed by some historians that such a belief was already strong in the Archaic period.
    Źródło:
    Electrum; 2013, 20; 9-22
    2084-3909
    Pojawia się w:
    Electrum
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dwa modele postrzegania historii. Herodot Cypriana Norwida i Tukidydes Zbigniewa Herberta
    Autorzy:
    Barszcz, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971957.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-05-13
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Cyprian Norwid
    Zbigniew Herbert
    Herodotus
    Thucydides
    history
    historiosophy
    Opis:
    The article presents and compares historiosophical conceptions of Cyprian Norwid and Zbigniew Herbert based on particular notes and pieces of both poets. It shows that the author of Vade-mecum sees history by – say – methodology of Herodotus, and the author of Pan Cogito creates vision of history like in Thucydides’s one. Both perspectives are valuable and stem from different original presuppositions, nonetheless both of them lead to the same aim, which is understanding of mechanisms ruling human history.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Humanistyczny; 2020, 64(1 (468)); 19-32
    0033-2194
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Humanistyczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prorocze sny, Kserkses i atak Persji na Grecję
    Autorzy:
    Olbrycht, Marek Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/44893979.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Religioznawcze
    Tematy:
    prophetic dreams
    Persia
    Xerxes
    Herodotus
    Persian priests (Magi)
    Greece
    Opis:
    In the traditions of Ancient Western Asia, including Assyria and Babylonia (and perhaps Elam as well), dreams were treated as important points of reference for political decisions, and this was given expression in royal documents. Things were no different in the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Persian kings sought explanations from the priests called Magi about their dreams and extraordinary phenomena. Prophetic dreams concerning rulers appear repeatedly in Herodotus’ Histories. This pertains to the dreams of the Median king Astyages (Hdt. 1.107.1; 1.108.1); Cyrus the Great (Hdt. 1.209−210), and Kambyses (Hdt. 3.30; cf. 3.64.1; 3.65.2). Xerxes’ third dream (7.19), the last of a series of three dreams that prompted the Great King to attack Greece, belongs to this group. In the account of Xerxes’ preparations to invade Greece, persuasions to undertake the expedition from many quarters are depicted, but dreams play a key role (Hdt. 7.12−19). The speeches in the Persian council have all assumed that the invasion is a matter of choice for Xerxes. But the final decision to attack Greece comes from the dreams which are interpreted by the Magi. The visions mean that if Xerxes does not make his Greek campaign, he will be changing the nomoi of Persia, and thereby endangering his rule and empire. Abandoning the Greek campaign meant abandoning the nomoi of Persia. Herodotus takes advantage of the existence of the Magi to build his narrative, and places in the king’s dreams the threads and motifs (olive wreath) that put together the particulars of his story. The role of the Magi as interpreters of royal dreams can be considered a tenable element in the historical narrative of Herodotus. The Magi are found in Greek sources as priests, experts in rituals, seers and dream interpreters.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Religioznawczy; 2023, 3/289; 67-73
    1230-4379
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Religioznawczy
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The ‘Archeology’ of historiography as a rhetorical agon. On the juxtaposition of hellenic writers in the Epistula ad Pompeium by Dionysius of Halicarnassus
    „Archeologia” historiografii jako retoryczna gra. O porównaniu greckich autorów w „Liście do Pompeiusza” Dinizjosa z Halikarnasu
    Autorzy:
    Sinitsyn, Aleksandr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033826.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-28
    Wydawca:
    Łódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe
    Tematy:
    Dionysius of Halicarnassus
    “A Letter to Pompeius”
    historiography
    rhetoric
    early Greek historians Hellanicus
    Charon
    Herodotus
    Thucydides
    Xenophon
    Philistus
    Theopompus
    style
    syngraphers
    Plato
    philosophy
    ancient Greek orators Lysias
    Demosthenes
    literary criticism
    polylogue
    agon
    influence
    Dionizjos z Halikarnasu
    „List do Pompeiusza”
    historiografia
    retoryka
    wcześni historycy greccy – Hellanikos
    Herodot
    Tukidydes
    Ksenofont
    Filistos
    Teopompos
    oratorzy
    Lysias
    Demostenes
    krytyka literacka
    Opis:
    Dionysius of Halicarnassus in his short theoretical treatise entitled “A Letter to Pompeius” (Epistula ad Pompeium) presents an exciting discussion on rhetoric mastership and scholarship written in an epistolary genre. The treatise begins with critical remarks Dionysius once addressed to Plato. The author admits to his addressee (Cn. Pompeius Geminus) that he is enchanted by Plato’s dialogues. From the trio of Greek speech-makers who are recognized as the most brilliant in this respect – Isocrates, Plato, and Demosthenes (such was Dionysius’s selection) – the Halicarnassean rhetorician deliberately dwells on Plato (Lysias, Isocrates, Demosthenes and other Greek orators are the subject of his other aesthetic works). Embarking on a wider discussion, Dionysius repeatedly points out that these studies are always aimed at establishing the truth. The longest chapter, 3 compares works of the first Greek historians and the mastery of their style. Dionysius points out the rivalry of the many masters of the genre, but the main characters of the chapter are Herodotus and Thucydides. The “father of history” (Dionysius’ contemporary and paragon) surpasses the Athenian historian on all counts examined by the author. This article examines συγγραφεύς / συγγραφεῖς or συγγραφή occurring in the Pomp. by Dionysius of Halicarnassus. The rhetorician, when referring to Herodotus, Thucydides (ch. 3), Theopompus (ch. 6), Hellanicus, Charon (3.7) and the Greek historians en masse (6.7), calls them “syngraphers”. Dionysius uses the word συγγραφή only as applied to historical works of Theopompus of Chios (6.2, 3, 6). The article also draws upon the Halicarnassian philologist’s other works in which he mentions syngraphers-historians, who are set off against poets and orators. Dionysius regards the words συγγραφεύς, ὁ ἱστορικός, ἱστοριογράφος as equivalent and interchangeable. In this work, Dionysius examines different styles of ancient writers. Here, by examining the works by the authors of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (written three to four centuries before his time) he seems to be performing a peculiar experiment of theoretical “archaeology”. But the rhetoric and philological “archaeological” study conducted by Dionysius of Halicarnassus reveals not only his scholarly interest in the analysis of works of the writers of the past, but also his focus on the present – both in literary and cultural aspects. Plato is under the influence of Thucydides, but Thucydides is inferior to Herodotus, Herodotus produces works that surpass those of Charon and Hellanicus, while Theopompus is superior in style to Demosthenes himself and surpasses Isocrates – the “most brilliant” rhetoricians of the past. By presenting this gallery of names, Dionysius shows comparison as agon – of styles, genres, authors, their subject matters, intensive narrative, and he himself contends with the writers of the past. Seeing mastery of rhetoric as a peculiar agon stretching over centuries and across the agon of rhetoricians, philosophers and historiographers, Dionysius identifies the circle of best writers, and himself joins it. He claims that in the scholarly rhetoric “the truth is dearer still” and establishes the criteria to judge the classic writers. And the critic realizes that he will be judged according to the same (his own) criteria
    Dionizjos z Halikarnasu w teoretycznym traktacie zatytułowanym „List do Pompejusza” zawarł dyskusję na temat retorycznego mistrzostwa i nauki. Traktat rozpoczynają krytyczne uwagi Dionizjosa, adresowane do Platona. Autor przyznaje jednak, iż jest zachwycony dziełami Platona. Pośród trzech greckich mówców, uznawanych za najwybitniejszych – Izokratesa, Platona, Demostenesa – Dionizjos z Halikarnasu celowo studiuje Platona. Prowadzi szeroką dyskusję. Dionizjos wielokrotnie podkreśla, że wskazani autorzy mają na celu ustalenie prawdy. Najdłuższy rozdział oznaczony jako 3, dotyczy historyków greckich i stylu ich prac. Dionizjos zauważa rywalizacje mistrzów, ale głównymi bohaterami rozdziału stali się Herodot i Tukidydes. Dinozjos zauważa, że „ojciec historii” przewyższa ateńskiego historyka. Prezentowany artykuł dotyczy użycia słowa συγγγραφεύς. Słowa tego retor użył w odniesieniu do Herodota, Tukidydesa, Hellanikosa i innych historyków. Dionizjos wskazuje na styl autorów, tematykę ich prac.
    Źródło:
    Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia; 2021, 67; 89-115
    0065-0986
    2451-0300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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