Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "german" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Sprachliche Etikette im polnisch-deutschen Vergleich lexikographisch erfasst
Etiquette in the Language in the Polish-German Comparison Recorded Lexicographically
Autorzy:
Szczęk, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/458830.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
Politeness
Polish
German
Opis:
Politeness is a phenomenon that has recently been linguistically studied. These are linguistic forms and formulas that can be used in certain communication situations. The so-called pragmatic component plays an important role here. This is particularly evident in the case of interspecific confrontation. This can be helped by bilingual lexicographical works, which can be of great help to all a foreign language learner. The article discusses the advantages of the recently published lexicographical works of Małgorzata Marcjanik, Silvia Bonacchi, and Agnieszka Frączek: Polsko-niemiecki słownik etykiety językowej.
Źródło:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław; 2019, 16; 391-395
2084-3062
2657-5647
Pojawia się w:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Über die Liebe auf der Reise (anhand der Sprachführer für Deutsch und Polnisch)
About Love on the Journey (Based on German and Polish Phrasebooks)
Autorzy:
Nadobnik, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
phrasebooks
German
Polish
love
Opis:
In the article the emotion of love is discussed, based on reference books for travelers. Selected phrasebooks for German and Polish users were researched, starting from their first issues dating back to the 16th century to new publications from the early 21st century. The aim of the paper is to establish, whether in the phrasebooks, which in principle present language behavior in typical everyday life situations, love motifs are present, and whether there are any differences in this area in the perspective of time. In addition, picture motifs, which are related to the above mentioned topic, are also briefly discussed here.
Źródło:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław; 2020, 18; 277-291
2084-3062
2657-5647
Pojawia się w:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ks. Bronisław Maryański (1863–1912) i ks. German Grabowski (1836–1911) – dwaj mazowieccy cecylianiści i ich poglądy na muzykę liturgiczną
Rev. Bronisław Maryański (1863–1912) and rev. German Grabowski (1836–1911) – two mazovian cecilians and their views on liturgical music
Autorzy:
Grajewski, Czesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-10
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Polskich Muzyków Kościelnych
Tematy:
cecylianizm
muzyka liturgiczna
Bronisław Maryański
German
Grabowski
cecilianism
liturgical music
German Grabowski
Opis:
Ruch cecyliański, widoczny zwłaszcza w Niemczech w drugiej połowie XIX w., uwidocznił się również na ziemiach polskich. W tym kontekście wymienia się na ogół nazwiska: Eugeniusza Gruberskiego, Józefa Surzyńskiego, Wacława Gieburowskiego czy Antoniego Chlondowskiego. Jednak osób zaangażowanych w poprawę stanu muzyki kościelnej było więcej. W niniejszym artykule przywołane zostały dwie postaci księży działających na Mazowszu w tym samym czasie: Bronisława Maryańskiego i Germana Grabowskiego. Obaj prowadzili działalność oświatową, publikując teksty o charakterze podręcznikowym dla organistów. Porównując stanowiska obu autorów na temat muzyki liturgicznej można dojść do wniosku, że poglądy wśród samych cecylianistów co do zasady były zgodne, natomiast dzieliły je kwestie praktyczne.
The Cecilian movement, present especially in Germany in the 2nd half of the 19th c., became visible also in Polish lands. In this context, generally few names are mentioned: Eugeniusz Gruberski, Józef Surzyński, Wacław Gieburowski and Antoni Chlondowski. However, there were more people involved in improving the state of church music. In this article two priests active in Mazovia at the same time are referred to: Bronisław Maryański and German Grabowski. Both of them were engaged in educational activities, by publishing articles for organists. Comparing both authors’ positions on liturgical music, a conclusion can be drawn that the Cecilians, in principle, agreed among themselves, but their views differed on practical issues.
Źródło:
Musica Ecclesiastica; 2023, 18; 13-23
2353-6985
Pojawia się w:
Musica Ecclesiastica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Das Ende vom Tabu? – Ein sprachwissenschaftlicher und funktionaler Blick auf das Lexem Arsch / dupa in der deutschen und polnischen Phraseologie
Autorzy:
Szczęk, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/559914.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
ass
phraseology
Polish
German
taboo
Opis:
The end of taboo? – Linguistic and functional view on the Arsch / dupa lexeme in German and Polish phraseology The analysis center includes idiomatic expressions in German and Polish with the Arsch / dupa component. The aim of the analysis is to indicate the catalog of functions that are expressed with this type of idioms and to answer the question whether the analyzed component of idiomatic expressions still exhibits features of vulgarism and is covered with language taboo. Due to the richness of the material and the multiplicity of functions of the lexeme in question which can be pointed out, one can formulate a thesis about a progressive process of taboo removal.
Źródło:
Orbis Linguarum; 2018, 50; 447-462
1426-7241
Pojawia się w:
Orbis Linguarum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Neologismen im Gegenwartsdeutschen – Probleme in Theorie und Praxis
Neologisms in Contemporary German - Problems in Theory and Practice
Autorzy:
Elsen, Hilke
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
German
neology
varieties
lexicology
lexicography
Opis:
This article first traces current research on new words. Then some problems are addressed. Neologism research on the German language is characterized by lexicographic dominance and inadequate linguistic analysis. Further, lexicographic projects use newspapers and magazines as a data basis and equate this with "the German language". Lexicographic research only covers a subset of the questions on the topic of new words, and methods are influenced by underlying theory, questions and goals, so that linguistic and lexicographic opinions and procedures differ. The aim of linguistic work is to understand and not just to describe. Furthermore, language varieties are considered. This leads to greater diversity of neologisms than dictionaries suggest.
This article first traces current research on new words. Then some problems are addressed. Neologism research on the German language is characterized by lexicographic dominance and inadequate linguistic analysis. Furthermore, lexicographic projects use newspapers and magazines as a data basis and equate this with ”the German language”. Lexicographic research only covers a subset of the questions on the topic of new words, and methods are influenced by underlying theory, questions and goals, so that linguistic and lexicographic opinions and procedures differ. The aim of linguistic work is to understand and not just to describe. Additionally, language varieties are considered. This leads to greater diversity of neologisms than dictionaries suggest. 
Źródło:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature; 2021, 45, 1; 113-125
0137-4699
Pojawia się w:
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Messermänner and Parasiten: An Analysis of the Role of Metonymic and Metaphoric Patterns in Shaping “Immigrants” Stereotypes in German Political Discourse
Autorzy:
Porcaro, Ciro
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2014442.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
metonymy
metaphor
stereotype
migration
German
Opis:
George Lakoff was the first to postulate a relationship between metonymic phenomena and social stereotypes (1987: 79). In Schmid’s view (2002: 293), Lakoffs’ idea of stereotype is characterized by the fact that it is strictly connected with the social conventions and beliefs shared within a speech community. There are many studies on political discourse which explore the role of figurative speech in shaping social stereotypes. Most of them though deal mainly with metaphor (cf. Musolff 2004, 2011, 2015; Spieß 2017, 2019). Conversely, the present paper aims at conducting an analysis of the two German expressions Messermänner and Parasiten, with particular reference to the fundamental role of metonymic phenomena in the interaction between metaphoric and metonymic patterns. The abovementioned expressions were used by two AfD politicians to refer to the social category of immigrants. The discussion will highlight differences and commonalities between the two expressions with reference both to metonymic and metaphoric patterns and to their relation to the conceptualization of the “immigrants” in German political discourse. The results will show that, even if in different ways metonymic models play a fundamental role in both expressions in the definition of the negative social stereotype.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2021, 12; 115-124
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zur Stellung des Deutschen auf dem europäischen Arbeitsmark
The Position of German on the European Labor Market
Autorzy:
Szczęk, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41523045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-07-23
Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
Deutsch
Arbeitsmarkt
Fachsprache
DaF
German
labor market
technical language
German as a foreign language
Opis:
Seit einiger Zeit beobachtet man den Trend, dass die Studienprogramme im Fach Germanistik an die Bedürfnisse der Studierenden einerseits und andererseits an die Bedürfnisse des Arbeitsmarktes angepasst werden. Dies wird einerseits von den Studierenden erzwungen, die sich immer häufiger die Frage stellen, was sie nach dem Studium machen werden. Andererseits übt der sich ständig ändernde Arbeitsmarkt einen immer größeren Einfluss auf die Gestaltung der Curricula im akademischen Bereich aus. Die Studierenden fordern nämlich immer häufiger die praktische Umsetzung des während des Studiums erworbenen Wissens. Die neophilologischen Studiengänge bleiben davon auch nicht verschont. Die Studierenden erwarten nämlich vom Studium – darunter von philologischen Studienrichtungen –, dass sie darauf vorbereitet werden, einen konkreten Beruf erfolgreich auszuüben. Deutsch erweist sich dabei neben Englisch als eine arbeitsmarktrelevante Fremdsprache, nach dem bekannten Spruch: Englisch ist ein Muss, Deutsch ist ein Plus! Diese Thematik wird in dem neulich im Verlag Peter Lang erschienenen Sammebald von Doris Sava und Ellen Tichy aufgegriffen. Der Band bietet nämlich diverse Zugänge zu der im Titel umrissenen Thematik. Es handelt sich dabei um praktische Anwendungsbeispiele und didaktische Lösungsvorschläge für den DaF-Unterricht im Bereich der Fachsprachen.
For some time now, there has been a trend for German studies programs to be adapted to the needs of students on the one hand, and to the needs of the job market on the other. On the one hand, this is being forced by students who are increasingly asking themselves what they will do after they graduate. On the other hand, the constantly changing job market is exerting an ever greater influence on the design of curricula in the academic field, as students are increasingly demanding practical application of the knowledge they have acquired during their studies. Neophilology courses are not spared from this. Students expect their studies – including philology courses – to prepare them to successfully pursue a specific profession. Alongside English, German is proving to be a foreign language relevant to the job market, according to the well-known saying: English is a must, German is a plus! This topic is taken up in Doris Sava and Ellen Tichy‘s recently published anthology by Peter Lang. The volume offers various approaches to the topic outlined in the title. These are practical examples of use and didactic solutions for GFL lessons in the field of specialized languages.
Źródło:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław; 2024, 25, 1; 441-445
2084-3062
2657-5647
Pojawia się w:
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanismen und Tendenzen der kreativen Anpassung von IAW-Strukturen im Deutschen und im Französischen
Mechanisms and tendencies in the creative adaptation of IAW structures in German and French
Autorzy:
Schoonjans, Steven
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28409202.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-01
Wydawca:
Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT – Wrocławskie Wydawnictwo Oświatowe
Tematy:
IAW structures
German
French
variation
creativity
Opis:
German has a particularly large inventory of IAW structures, i.e. expressions such as zum Teufel ‘the devil’ and zur Hölle ‘the hell’ that are used as intensifiers in wh-questions. This is due to the fact that German maximally exploits the creative adaptation potential of IAW structures. French, on the other hand, has fewer IAW structures. However, as is shown in this paper, French has the same basic patterns according to which IAW structures are built and makes use of the same basic mechanisms for IAW modification that we also find in German, substitution and expansion. It thus seems that German simply makes more use of this adaptation potential that is also present in French. Still we also find some tendencies and restrictions in German, which also play a role in French. Two of them are discussed in more detail in this paper, viz. the preference for negatively connotated words and the role of the context and the community in which the IAW structures are used.
Źródło:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft; 2021, 10; 119-148
2299-4122
2657-4799
Pojawia się w:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
German Irrwisch ‘1. will-o’-the-wisp; 2. scamp, scallywag, imp’ and Polish urwis ‘scamp, scallywag, imp’.
Autorzy:
Stachowski, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/634554.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
German
Polish
languages in contact
semantics
Opis:
Even if the derivation of the meaning ‘scamp, scallywag, imp’ < ‘will-o’-the-wisp’ is generally imaginable (albeit not self-evident) it is assumed here that this change is actually based on addition of a foreign meaning to a German one, rather than on semantic evolution.
Źródło:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis; 2011, 128
2083-4624
Pojawia się w:
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Między rzeczywistością a ideałem— o profilowaniu obrazu demokracji w polskim i niemieckim dyskursie feministycznym
Autorzy:
GRZESZCZAK, MONIKA
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/954144.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Opolski
Tematy:
profiling
democracy
discourse
Polish
German
feminism
Opis:
The goal of the article is to analyze the image of democracy in Polish and German feminism discourse, the way democracy is conceptualized and differentiated. The Author uses the defmite notions applied in ethnolinguistic analyses conducted by the Lublin Eth- nolinguistic School, such as: profiling the notions, projile, thepoint of view, interpretation perspective. The analysis of the collected data leads to the dififerentiation of two basie profiles of democracy: to the real one (oriented towards description) and to the ideał one (expressed with postulates), where the real profile dominates in the discourse of Polish feminism and the ideał profile - in the discourse of German feminism. In the framework of the chief profiles, the Author points out the political profiles in the following discourses: the profile of world-view in Polish discourse, and the social one - in German discourse. The given analysis shows different points of view: the Polish feminists talk about domi- nating and the redundant role of men (in politics particularly), whereas the German feminists talk about the of women in political, social and professional spheres. The presented differences occur as the result of the accepted values. In Polish discourse democracy is used in collocations with the following notions - values: równoace (equality (of rights)), wolnoceoe (freedom, independence), normalnooece (normalization, standarization), whereas in German discourse we meet Gerechtigkeit (justice, equity, faimess), Frieden (pe- ace), Gewaltfreiheit (the absence of violence, coercion, constraint), Wohlstand (welfare, wellbeing, prosperity).
Źródło:
Stylistyka; 2009, 18; 85-111
1230-2287
2545-1669
Pojawia się w:
Stylistyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Seit Lichtenstein nichts Neues? – oder: zur Idee einer Urverwandtschaft des Arabischen mit dem Deutschen
Nothing new since Lichtenstein? – Or, the idea of a common origin of Arabic and German
Autorzy:
Knüppel, Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/699924.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Tematy:
German
Arabic
genetic language relationship
historical linguistics
Opis:
The following review article deals with the dilettantish attempts of cAbdal-Ḥaqq Fāḍil to connect German and Arabic in the sense of genetic language relationship. The author of the book under review is neither able to clarify whether he means “German” or “Germanic”, nor whether he wants to postulate Arabic as a kind of worldproto-language or to create a new language family. In addition, he ignores all well-known Lautgesetze (sound laws) as well as all researches in the field of historical linguistics of the last two hundred years.
Źródło:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia; 2012, 17, 4; 179-183
1427-8219
Pojawia się w:
Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Lesson Design on the Subject of Religion as a Course Unit in Language Teaching
Autorzy:
Coşkun, Hasan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18105054.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-27
Wydawca:
Fundacja Pro Scientia Publica
Tematy:
German
religion
levels
materials
active learning method
planning
Opis:
Aim. The purpose of this qualitative research is the preparation, implementation and evaluation of a sample lesson focused on the selection of the subject of religion for the German courses taught in universities. The second purpose of this research is to contribute to international understanding between peoples with different religious beliefs. Methods. This research pertaining to religion is qualitative in nature. In this research, the document analysis technique was used. The research on the subject of religion was taken up during the 2021/2022 academic year in my selective German courses at the Hacettepe University. Results. The successful contribution of the lesson planning model mentioned in this article was also observed in the teaching activities in primary and secondary schools conducted earlier. It was also seen that the students who attended the German courses in connection with education or work in Europe. Conclusions. It was observed that the participants talked about Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism and Hinduism. It is important to remark that the interest of the participants in German lessons still continues. Therefore, effective lesson planning models and unique methods should be further developed. Originality. German language courses are offered as a foreign language learning practice in Turkish schools, private institutions and universities as elective foreign language courses. Students from all the departments of the university may attend the elective German language classes. To conduct the German courses effectively, a suitable method should be developed which will help the participants who come from different countries and students with different levels of fluency.
Źródło:
Journal of Education Culture and Society; 2022, 13, 2; 263-284
2081-1640
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Education Culture and Society
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ratings of Affective and Non-Affective Aspects of German Idioms in Second Language Processing
Autorzy:
Petrič, Teodor
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/783242.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
SLA
idioms
affective properties
psycholinguistic properties
German
Slovene
Opis:
AbstractIn this paper psycholinguistic and emotional properties of 619 German idiomatic expressions are explored. The list of idiomatic expressions has been adapted from Citron et al. (2015), who have used it with German native speakers. In our study the same idioms were evaluated by Slovene learners of German as a foreign language. Our participants rated each idiom for emotional valence, emotional arousal, familiarity, concreteness, ambiguity (literality), semantic transparency and figurativeness. They also had the task to describe the meaning of the German idioms and to rate their confidence about the attributed meaning. The aims of our study were (1) to provide descriptive norms for psycholinguistic and affective properties of a large set of idioms in German as a second language, (2) to explore the relationships between psycholinguistic and affective properties of idioms in German as a second language, and (3) to compare the ratings of the German native speakers studied in Citron et al. (2015) with the ratings of the Slovene second language learners from our study. On one hand, the results of the Slovene participants show many similarities with those of of the German native speakers, on the other hand, they show a slight positivity bias and slightly shallower emotional processing of the German idioms. Our study provides data that could be useful for future studies investigating the role of affect in figurative language in a second language setting (methodology, translation science, language technology).
Źródło:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition; 2019, 5, 1; 11-42
2450-5455
2451-2125
Pojawia się w:
Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pre-D non-possessor positions in Hungarian
Autorzy:
Farkas, Judit
Karácsonyi, Krisztina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1040265.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-30
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
pre-D non-possessors
Hungarian
German
deverbal nominals
Opis:
The paper investigates pre-D non-possessor positions in Hungarian. In Hungarian, non-deverbal nominal constructions containing pre-D non-possessor positions are acceptable only if they contain a demonstrative pronoun and also an adjective, and the appearance of a pre-D possessor does not impact the acceptability of the sentence. The paper also gives a brief discussion of similar constructions with pre-D non-possessors in German, mainly to shed light on the Hungarian data. Although German also allows for pre-D non-possessors, it does so under different conditions. A short topicalized element can readily appear in German sentences as a non-possessor dependent, but in this language a possessor can never appear in the same noun phrase. The paper also discusses deverbal nominal constructions with pre-D non-possessor dependents in Hungarian. In these constructions the presence of a possessor argument is indispensable. This is due to the fact that the placement of the non-possessor argument in a position preceding the possessor is legitimized by the fact that the former takes scope over the latter within the internal information structure of the matrix noun phrase. The paper also deals with the syntactic structure of said deverbal nominals.
Źródło:
Linguistics Beyond and Within; 2018, 4; 38-50
2450-5188
Pojawia się w:
Linguistics Beyond and Within
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Error analysis and language comparison as teaching strategies for German as a foreign language in a South African context
Autorzy:
Baker, Anne
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1387975.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-03-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
German
Zulu
first language
target language
error analysis
Opis:
Since 2015 there has been increased protest action by students at South African universities. One of the issues is decolonizing the curriculum. Academics have been re-thinking the curricula of various academic offerings. Recognizing the African heritage of students studying German could be in the form of comparing the first language (L1) of black African learners with German in order to facilitate learning the target language (TL). Specific examples of similarities and differences between German and Zulu are addressed in this article.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2017, 37, 2; 103-110
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies