Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "and" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
SMEs’s potentials of Research and Development and the European Union Prospective. A Literature Review
Autorzy:
Isaraj, Loreta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968647.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
small and medium enterprises
research and development
funding policies
European Union
Opis:
SME-s role in the economic development and economic structure is changing drastically, as it is gaining new dimensions the role they have as social agents. This becomes particularly present in the paradigm shift of the EU funding schema and priorities, for member and candidate states, indicating that from catalysts of development they are now considered as important and active agents of Innovation by their R&D potential. The article provides a comprehensive literature review on different aspects of R&D processes in SMEs under the support of the funding programs of European Union collected from the reputed publications. The purpose is to provide an outline on the structure and dynamics of R&D in SMEs to highlight its role in the performance of these businesses in particular and in national and regional economies at the macro level. This paper aims to contribute to current discussions within the field of innovation by further exploring how EU R&D funding policies work in practice.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2021, 12, 24; 184-198
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Układ o partnerstwie i współpracy UE i Rosji w kontekście transatlantyckiego partnerstwa w handlu i inwestycjach
The future of the conclude a new Partnership and Cooperation Agreement EU–Russia in the context of create Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505345.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
European Union
Russia
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Opis:
Partnership and Cooperation Agreement is a document regulate the European Union external relations with third countries. Obligatory document between the European Union and Russia from 1999 (1997) expired in 2007 and haven’t been replaced by a new agreement up till now. Negotiate a new treaty which regulates the base relations should be in interest of both sides, according to a strategic partnership. Unfortunately, negotiations for a long time are in impasse. Both of subjects can’t reach a consensus as to scope and content of the document and on matters relating to energy dialogue, European security, policy towards the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS ) and keep human rights. Conversation were breaking off very often because of the attitude and actions of Russia against individual EU Member States and countries of the (CIS). In the meantime, in the EU proposed to create together with the United States of America, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership introducing free trade area through liberalization of both internal markets. This project obtained a big interest in the EU and then began negotiations which despite of many impediments will have a good prognosis for the future. To conclude, the article aims is to present scope of the new Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and Russia, indicate the causes and areas of negotiation impasse and to refer to the state of negotiations Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2014, 2; 181-198
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
From EU-centric approach to Multilevel governance: is it only the EU that holds the cards in the region? The role of international organizations and groupings in shaping the dynamics of process inherent in the region
Autorzy:
Grącik-Zajaczkowski, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Central and Eastern European Countries
security and defense policy
European Union
NATO
OSCE
Opis:
This article focuses on the Central and Eastern European in the process of shaping their security relations. The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the evolution of security relations in the region under the aegis of the EU, NATO and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). The interplay of the institutions shows that the EU is not a single power in the European security system thus the maintenance of stable and peaceful relations depend mostly on cooperation between a number of institutions and groupings. The EU and NATO’ s role was central due to their policies of enlargement and the stabilization effects on third partner countries. The OSCE with its well promising position in Europe has been weaken due to decline of interests of major power states and its functions performed simultaneously by the EU and NATO. Both organizations have taken to a large extent the place of the OSCE.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2017, 8; 30-44
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Reform of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice of the European Union in the Treaty of Lisbon
Autorzy:
Węc, Janusz Józef
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832026.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-08-28
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego i Indywidualnego Apeiron w Krakowie
Tematy:
security and justice; legislation
European Union
Treaty of Lisbon
area of freedom
security and justice
legislation
Opis:
In view of the recent reform of the area of freedom, security and justice in the European Union as it is codifed in the Treaty of Lisbon, passed on 13 December 2007, this paper analyzes the changes put forward by the new legislation. Beginning with the system of the Treaty regulations, it goes on to provide a general outline of the changes in the six policies within this area: visas, asylum, immigration, judicial cooperation in civil matters, judicial cooperation in criminal matters and police cooperation.
Źródło:
Security Dimensions; 2013, 9(9); 25-41
2353-7000
Pojawia się w:
Security Dimensions
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Poland in Transition to the European Union (in the Context of Meeting Standards in Occupational Safety and Health)
Autorzy:
Koradecka, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/89716.pdf
Data publikacji:
2001
Wydawca:
Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy
Tematy:
European Union
occupational safety and health
standards
Central and Eastern Europe
Unia Europejska
bezpieczeństwo i higiena pracy
standardy
Opis:
Economic transformation has had a positive influence in Poland on statistical indices that characterize occupational safety and health (OSH). Surprisingly, working conditions have not deteriorated. Methodological differences make comparing statistical data in various countries difficult. OHS standards in Poland are harmonized with European and international ones. Testing and certification, quality and OSH management systems are very important, as are education and training in OSH and international cooperation. Increasing unemployment is a significant threat to the development of OSH or even maintenance of its current state.
Źródło:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics; 2001, 7, 4; 463-479
1080-3548
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
(Nie)Etyczna Unia Europejska na Bałkanach
(Un)Ethical European Union in the Western Balkans
Autorzy:
Pawlak, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20311583.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
European Union
Balkans
High Representative
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Opis:
Although all the Western Balkan countries have been offered the prospect of European Union (EU) membership, the accession process still constitutes a complicated and multi-aspect challenge. EU support and engagement in the region have resulted in a few successes, nonetheless, describing them as major breakthroughs is far from the reality. Since the establishment of the Dayton Agreement in 1995, ending the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, most of the Balkan states have not managed to accomplish their political, ideological and civic transformations yet. However, the difficult situation and frequent negotiation stalemates are not only the outcomes of the unsatisfactory progress made by the Peninsular countries. Ambiguous and unethical (in some cases) behaviour can also be noticed from the EU decision-makers’ side. The following article aims to present concrete examples of EU external policy actions in Bosnia and Herzegovina which can be described as controversial. However, the author attempts to prove the thesis that unethical external policy is not always a zero-sum game, and in particular circumstances it can be paradoxically perceived as the best solution. Taking into consideration the comprehensiveness of the problem and editorial limitations, the analysis focuses on activities of the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, who used to be (during four out of seven tenures) the EU Special Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Źródło:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym; 2013, 16; 125-130
1899-2226
2353-4869
Pojawia się w:
Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka rolna w świetle nowej umowy handlowej UE–USA (Transatlantic Trade & Investment Agreement)
The issue of agriculture in the light of the upcoming trade agreement between the EU and the USA (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Agreement)
Autorzy:
Marciniuk, Konrad
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/531089.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Agreement
agriculture
European Union
Opis:
On 8 July 2013 the United States and the European Union commenced negotiations over new trade agreement – Transatlanctic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Once concluded, the TTIP may turn to be one of the most significant free trade agreements. It’s importance would not be limited to the bilateral trade relations between the United States and the European Union, but most probably, achieving agreement over TTIP will reinvigorate negotiations over the global agreement during the WTO’s Doha Round. Agriculture seems to be one of the most difficult, but equally most significant issues. Author presents the background of current differences over the agricultural issues on both sides of the Atlantic and identifies main topics and challenges on the way to the agreement, e.g.: the level of duties for agricultural products and the pace of their elimination, sanitary and phytosanitary issues, GIs, new technologies in food production, export subsidies as well as food aid. Potential agreement over these issues will trigger significant changes in legal regulations regarding agriculture in the United States as well as in the European Union and its member states, including Poland.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2013, 11; 227-241
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Inovačné procesy v krajinách strednej a východnej Európy v podmienkach globalizácie
Autorzy:
Vološin, Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2158678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
globalization
innovations
European Union
Central and Eastern Europe
Opis:
The impact of innovations, great inventions and new technologies is the object of examination of eminent authors since the nineteenth century. Actually the role of main accelerator of economic development play new information technologies, automation, biotechnology, genetics, new energy concepts including the use of renewable resources, and the application of new materials. The original Schumpeterʼs idea of innovation was completed by further aspects – fiscal, legal, marketing, systemic. The world economic crisis caused by the detaching of financial system from real economy suggests that the significant innovations are needed also in this area. In general, the conclusions of many analytical works agree with the opinion that the meaning of innovations in globalized world is increasing, and the innovations represent an important factor able to change the character of global economy. Our contribution focuses to the study of contemporary trends and changes in innovation processes under the impact of globalization, as well as their influence on the competitiveness of Central and Eastern Europe in the global economy.
Źródło:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2013, 2(6); 369-382
1730-0266
Pojawia się w:
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polska i jej stosunek do Europejskiej Wspólnej Polityki Zagranicznej i Obrony Unii Europejskiej
Poland and her relation to the European Foreign Common Policy and the Defence of the European Union
Autorzy:
Hoffmann, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/347748.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Akademia Wojsk Lądowych imienia generała Tadeusza Kościuszki
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo
Unia Europejska
Wspólna Polityka Zagraniczna i Bezpieczeństwa UE
Polska a Wspólna Polityka Zagraniczna UE
safety
European Union
EU Common Foreign and Security Policy
Poland and EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy
Opis:
Wraz z wejściem w życie Traktatu z Maastricht powołano do życia II filar Unii Europejskiej - Wspólną Politykę Zagraniczną i Bezpieczeństwa. W 1999 roku wraz z implementacją Traktatu Amsterdamskiego, zaczęto wdrażać Europejską Politykę Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony, która została zredefiniowana w Traktacie Reformującym. Polska początkowa była sceptycznie nastawiona do owej polityki, uważając że gwarantem bezpieczeństwa w Europie jest NATO. Po pewnym czasie optyka postrzegania EPBiO uległa zmianie. Stosunek naszego kraju zmienił się do odniesieniu do polityki zagranicznej i bezpieczeństwa w momencie uzyskania członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej. Obecnie Polska angażuje się w misje cywilne i zarządzania kryzysowego prowadzone w ramach tej polityki przez Unię Europejską. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie istoty Wspólnej Europejskiej Polityki Zagranicznej i Obrony. W szczególności autor skupił się na prześledzeniu historii oraz zmiany stosunku Polski do tejże polityki, a także wykazaniu istotnych elementów pozytywnych jak i negatywnych aspektów Wspólnej Europejskiej Polityki Zagranicznej i Obrony.
Together with the effect of the Treaty with Maastricht one called into being II the pillar of the European Union - the Common Foreign Policy and Safeties. In 1999 together with the implementation of the Amsterdam Treaty , one began to initiate European Security policy and Defenses which became define in the Treaty Reforming. Initial Poland was skeptically disposed to that policy, considering that a guarantor of the safety in Europe is NATO. Some time later the optics of the perception EPBiO underwent change. The relation of our country changed to the reference to the foreign policy and the safety into the moment of the obtainment of the membership into the European Union. At present Poland launches out into civil missions and the crisis management led (driven) within the framework of this policy by the European Union. An aim (target) of the present article is presenting of the creature of the Common European Foreign Policy and the Defense. Particularly the author assembled on tracing of history and the change of the relation of Poland to this policy and also to the proof of essential positive elements as and negative aspects of the Common European Foreign Policy and the Defense.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki; 2011, 3; 70-87
1731-8157
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pension Systems’ Privatisation in Central and Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Potůček, Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/473259.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-07-16
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
pension systems
privatisation
Central and Eastern Europe
European Union
Opis:
Introduction of the second pension pillars in Central and Eastern European countries represents a unique political, social and economic experiment. This paper offers the overview of this paradigmatic shift, taking into account both domestic factors, the role of international financial institutions and the European Union. Ten out of eleven countries - newcomers to the European Union - decided to implement it. Slovenia stayed aside from the beginning. Poland, Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania offer a rich and diverse trajectory of the time and conditions of its introduction, further development, in some instances retrenchment, and the scope of benefits for retired insured persons. Hungary was a pioneering country, but later on, it left the camp and dropped this option. The issue the paper deals with is the case of the Czech Republic in more detail. The country was a latecomer, opted just for its voluntary version, and cancelled it completely again just after three years of operation. Concluding remarks address the emerging experience with reform outcomes and a potential role of the European Union as one of the actors influencing pension reforms in the region.
Źródło:
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje; 2020, 48; 41-51
1640-1808
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
10 Years of Polish Membership in the European Union Structures. Was It Worth It?
Autorzy:
Willa, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/519347.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
European Union
Polska
membership
benefits and costs of membership
Opis:
Poland had to meet various political, legal and economic criteria in order to become a member of the European Union; the EU itself also had to prepare for it in institutional and financial respect. Although fulfilling acquis communautaire standards, then accession negotiations and completion of formalities lasted 10 years and the anti-EU campaign before a national referendum about Polish integration with the EU caused serious doubts and concerns connected with the accession, still on the 1 May 2004 Poland became a member of the EU. Now, after 10 years of membership there are several questions how Poland has used its presence in this organization. Has it been a time of prosperity and success or rather a failure and a historical mistake? What and how has Poland been changed over this time? Have social doubts connected with the EU integration been allayed? These are just a few questions raised in this article and the author tries to answer them.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2014, 12(19); 41-56
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: Dispute Settlement Mechanism
Autorzy:
de Bruyn, Martyn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
relations between the European Union and the United States
European Union
United States
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
transatlantic free trade area
Opis:
The European Union and the United States are negotiating the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Included in TTIP is the Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanism, which has caused significant public opposition, especially in Europe, to the trade deal. The fear among the opponents of ISDS is that investor protection will undermine the ability of the state to regulate public policy in the public interest. Specifically, the opponents fear that ISDS will reduce health and safety regulations, environmental protection, climate change policies, and even financial regulation to the lowest common (transatlantic) denominator. This article assesses whether ISDS can be sufficiently reformed to alleviate most of the public concerns, or whether it should be crossed out from the TTIP negotiation mandate. The article concludes that ISDS is so widely used in treaties signed by the European Union and its Member States, and by the United States, that it is unlikely that it will be crossed out from the final TTIP deal. However, significant improvements are needed to the ISDS mechanism and the arbitration process because without these additional safeguards for states and citizens it is unlikely that the European Parliament and the European Union Member States will approve TTIP.
Źródło:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations; 2015, 51, 1; 153-162
0209-0961
Pojawia się w:
Stosunki Międzynarodowe - International Relations
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka migracyjna i azylowa w Niemczech i Polsce
Migration and asylum policies of Germany and Poland
Autorzy:
Bojenko-Izdebska, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505459.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
migrations
refugees
European Union
bilateral relations between Poland and Germany
Opis:
The article compares migration and asylum policies of Poland and Germany with particular attention paid to the events of 2015. Although matters of migration policy do not cause disagreements in bilateral relations, the issue of refugees is potentially controversial. It is not, however, purely a matter of bilateral relations between Poland and Germany, but also those with European Union itself, whose responses to the crisis have been delayed and not very effective. The humanitarian crisis has now become a structural crisis and the solutions proposed by the Commission do not promise to be successful. Moreover, the agreement with Turkey so far has fallen short of expectations.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2016, 2; 43-55
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union Through the Prism of Polish Experiences and Security Interests
Autorzy:
Usewicz, Teresa
Torbicka, Kinga
El Ghamari, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020118.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Union
Common Security and Defense Policy
Polska
security interests
Opis:
In this paper, the authors attempt to prove that the Polish position on developing the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) was skeptical, despite entries in political and strategic documents which emphasized its great significance for Polish security policy. It is evidenced by Poland’s low level of involvement in EU missions and operations and other undertakings in the CSDP area. The central hypothesis adopted at the beginning of the research is that Poland has always treated security and defense within the European Union as a kind of complement to the potential and capabilities developed within the framework of the North Atlantic Alliance, and the Polish involvement in CSDP has never been adequate to the provisions contained in political and strategic documents. Poland’s stance resulted, on the one hand, from the weakness of the CSDP’s political framework, which was shaped by numerous compromises among its member states, and on the other hand, from the political elite’s conviction that only NATO’s, and de facto the United States’, security guarantees are credible. In this paper, the authors analyze Poland’s previous experience resulting from polish participation in the policy in question and the evolution of Poland’s position toward its development in the context of the Republic of Poland’s security interests formulated in political and strategic documents.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 4 (50); 33-59
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polityka rozwoju obszarów wiejskich Unii Europejskiej a rozwój turystyki wiejskiej
European Union Rural Development Policy vs. Rural Tourism Development
Autorzy:
Przezbórska-Skobiej, Lucyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027684.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Agritourism
Common Agricultural and Rural Policy
European Union
rural tourism
Opis:
Rural tourism is usually perceived as a part of multifunctional rural development, and in the European Union it has been covered by the Common Agricultural and Rural Policy as well as the other policies [Przezbórska 2009]. Since the 1990s a clear attitude of the Community towards rural tourism and agritourism has been developed. It was expressed in the statement that “rural tourism constitutes a fundamental element of the rural development policy, a very important and complementary component of the development strategy and plays a special role in country planning” [Opinion… 1995]. Rural tourism is usually regarded as a factor of sustainable development, local economies stimulation, increasing employment in rural areas, alternative source of income for farmers and other rural citizens, as well as a factor of landscape care, environmental protection and preserving local culture and traditions. The main purpose of the article was to analyse the development of the place of tourism in the Common Agricultural and Rural Policy and show changes in the number of rural tourism enterprises, and especially changes in the number of farms with other gainful activities in agritourism.
Źródło:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN; 2015, 162; 9-25
0079-3507
Pojawia się w:
Studia komitetu przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju PAN
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies