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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    The Cold Water Ordeal (Swimming) in Witchcraft Accusations and Trials in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Sixteenth-Eighteenth Century
    Autorzy:
    Wijaczka, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/953895.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    witchcraft trials
    cold water ordeal
    Polska
    Lithuania
    Early Modern Period
    Opis:
    One of the medieval trials by ordeal, the cold water ordeal, regained popularity in the Early Modern Period and served as an important element in witchcraft trials. Floating on water was seen as a decisive proof of guilt and resulted in the accused being handed over to the torturer. This paper discusses the use of the water ordeal in Poland in the sixteenth–eighteenth century, primarily by municipal courts. Among the issues mentioned in the paper there is also the question of the stage of the trial in which the water ordeal was used and whether the accused were undressed before being subjected to the ordeal.
    Źródło:
    Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2016, 60
    0029-8514
    Pojawia się w:
    Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Knowing Without Digging? Non-invasive Research of the Krzczonów Earthwork and its Surroundings
    Autorzy:
    Wroniecki, Piotr
    Brejcha, Roman
    Sikora, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/497949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie
    Tematy:
    Krzczonów
    non-destructive archaeology
    motte-type castle
    Late Medieval Period,
    Early Modern Period
    Opis:
    The topic of this paper is a non-invasive research case study of a protected monument mound in Krzczonów, Świętokrzyskie voivodeship in Lesser Poland. It explores the possibilities of noninvasive methodological approaches in the recognition of archaeological sources by asking whether it is possible to procure relevant information without conducting excavations. A new interpretation of the mound’s function and chronology is based on data derived from multimethod field surveys including remote sensing (satellite imagery, UAV, light aircraft, ALS), geophysical (magnetic gradiometry, earth resistance), total station measurements and analytical field walking prospection along with comparison of archival field-walking data. We would like to hypothesize that, contrary to the protected monument list, the Krzczonów earthwork is not a prehistoric feature but could be related to the end of 14th up to the beginning of the 16th century. In this case it could be understood as a remnant of a motte-type castle
    Źródło:
    Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia; 2017, 12; 177-198
    2084-4409
    Pojawia się w:
    Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Elementy uzbrojenia na kaflach renesansowych z założeń dworskich w Kozłowie
    Armour elements portrayed on the stove tiles from Renaissance manor complexes in Kozłów
    Autorzy:
    Zdaniewicz, Radosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941969.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    kafle płytowe
    uzbrojenie
    ikonografia
    nowożytność
    stove tiles
    arms and armour
    iconography
    Early Modern Period
    Opis:
    During archaeological excavations conducted on the site of the relics of manor houses in Kozłów, Silesia province, an impressive set of stove tiles has been discovered. Some of the tiles’ facings were decorated with representations that are interesting iconographic sources for the study of early medieval arms. The first tile was discovered in the remains of the manor from the late 15th and 16th c. Facing of this tile is decorated with a side profile of the rider’s head in a closed helmet with a crest. Visual presentation is not so detailed and not all the details of surface texture are sharp. The portrayed helmet is probably a tournament example called the frog face helm. Its bell is crowned with an extensive crest, which is an oval with short and long feathers modeled in different directions. At the back of the bell there are ribbon like mantlings visible. Due to the lack of large part of the tile it is difficult to determine whether the visible crested helm was a part of a heraldic motif or whether it was connected with representations of knightly culture such as tournament scenes for example. The first possibility seems more likely. The second tile was found in layers associated with the manor which functioned in the 16th century. The presentation on the facing of tile refers to a series of woodcuttings created by the German renaissance painter Georg Pencz, gathered under one title of Twelve Heroes of the Old Testament. These works were inspired by the text of the poem by Hans Sachs from 1531. The author was glorifying the heroic exploits of the twelve heroes from the Old Testament: Joshua, Gideon, Jephthah, Samson, Jonathan, David, Abia, Azah, Josaphat, Amazia, Hezekiah and Judas Maccabeus, portraying them as symbols of the defenders of Christianity. Facing of the tile from Kozłów is ornamented with the image of Juda’s king Amazia. Similar to a Pencz’s graphic, he has been presented in an armour with his head and torso slightly turned to the left. The whole scene was made with high attention to the details, which allows us to make some valuable observations on the components of the armour. The helm is a close helmet with bevor and gorget, depicted with a lifted visor. The torso is protected with a bulging breastplate with fauld attached below. The arm is covered with a massive overlapping breastplate pauldrons and bulging rerebrace. In the lower part, at the height of faulds, there is a visible fragment of a sword hilt, one and a half or two-handed, topped with an oval pommel. A similar suit of armour, often called Maximilian armour, was used in Europe since the 1630s. Armour of this type was popular at that time in Silesia as well, what is indicated by the numerous tombstone representations.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2013, 29
    0208-6034
    2449-8300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Na tropie spektakularnej omyłki. Nowe spojrzenie na toporek z „napisem” z Ostrowa Tumskiego w Poznaniu
    On the trail of a spectacular mistake. A new look at an “inscribed” axehead from Ostrów Tumski in Poznań
    Autorzy:
    Kotowicz, Piotr N
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941979.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Tematy:
    Poznań
    toporek miniaturowy
    napis
    wczesne średniowiecze
    miniature axe
    inscription
    Early Middle Ages
    Early Modern Period
    Opis:
    During excavations conducted by Witold Hensel and Jan Żak in 1951 in the capitular garden on Ostrów Tumski in Poznań the researchers discovered a small (8,1 cm long) axehead (ryc. 1), whose surface bore a set of cuts forming an „inscription”. This discovery was named as an archaeological sensation. Despite the fact that it was found in a layer dated to the modern period, it was identified,based on some analogies, as belonging to the 10th–11th c. A group of palaeographers was asked to partake in the studies of the artifact to help reveal the mystery behind this „caption”. Even though their opinions varied, it was generaly accepted that – most probably – these marks were latin STLA letters, interpreted as an abbreviation of the word stella („arrow”). Based on all these findings an entire pyramid of further ideas concerning the artefact’s function and symbolic connotations was built. It was emphasized that this is one of the oldest examples of native epigraphy, that it proved the local population to be able to write (and read) as early as in the 11th c. Additionaly, the axe was expected to hold an unspecified role assiociated with magical rites, etc. Nowadays, owing to a much more extensive knowledge on artefacts of this type, a critical typological-chronological analysis of the given specimen leads to quite different conclusions. Analogies invoked by J. Żak (1956) either bear serious disparities in details or are much younger than he suggested. The described axehead is a typical representative of M. Głosek’s (1996) late medieval/modern type IX. This identification is further reinforced by the chronology of this find’s context – the layer in which it was found was dated to the years 1500–1700 based on a large quantity of modern (glazed) pottery, fragments of stove tiles, roof tiles, bricks and iron objects. The small size of Poznań’s axehead is also not suprising. Beside the massive specimens of late medieval and modern axes, miniature forms are known as well (ryc. 2). Their function is not clearly specified in the literature, although they are usually identified as carpentry and fine woodworking tools or children’s toys. To sum up the elaboration so far, it is clear that the artefact from Ostrów Tumski in Poznań represents a typical late medieval, or – taken the chronology of the find’s context – modern form. Both the shape and dimensions are typical for many axeheads from Central Europe at that time. There is no reason whatsoever to continue to claim that this specimen is of early medieval dating and that it bore some special symbolic meaning. The revaluation of its dating allows a different approach to the set of marks, „inscription” if someone wills, found on the blade’s surface. If this set of cuts indeed forms a caption, in the context of widespread practice of labeling such items by their manufacturers and knowing a great handful of heavily ornamented axeheads from the time, the presence of these „letters” is not especially striking. Another thing is whether the newly outlined chronological context allows their proper interpretation, if any. This problem, however, should be left for specialists in the field of palaeography.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica; 2013, 29
    0208-6034
    2449-8300
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Próba zimnej wody (pławienie) w oskarżeniach i procesach o czary w państwie polsko-litewskim w XVI–XVIII wieku
    Autorzy:
    Wijaczka, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/602805.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    witchcraft trials
    cold water ordeal
    Polska
    Lithuania
    Early Modern Period
    procesy o czary
    próba zimnej wody
    Polska
    Litwa
    czasy wczesnonowożytne
    Opis:
    This paper focuses on recapitulating the current state of knowledge on the use of cold water ordeal in witchcraft trials in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Early Modern Period. The ordeal, despite being banned by the Catholic Church in 1215, was still in use, which is confirmed by the trials carried out in Lithuania at the turn of the 16th century. It can therefore be concluded that in the 16th century, the cold water ordeal in witchcraft trials started to be used in the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth much earlier than in Western European countries. Nonetheless, there was no single policy defining at which stage of the trial the ordeal should be applied. In consequence, it was carried out either before the official start of the trial or during the proceedings. There were also many regional differences. While the cold water ordeal was used relatively often in Greater Poland and Royal Prussia, the case files known to today’s researchers seem to prove that the situation was rather different in Lesser Poland. While the belief spread by Bohdan Baranowski pointed to women being subjected to the ordeal while fully clothed, information found in source materials and old prints unequivocally shows that the accused were stripped naked before the ordeal.
    Jeden ze średniowiecznych sądów Bożych, próba zimnej wody, tzw. pławienie, przeżywała swój renesans w czasach wczesnonowożytnych, jako istotny element procesu o czary. Utrzymywanie się oskarżonej osoby na powierzchni wody było decydującą przesłanką oddania jej w ręce kata na okrutne tortury. Niniejszy artykuł omawia stosowanie próby wody w Polsce w XVI–XVIII w., przede wszystkim przez sądy miejskie. Omówione została także m.in. kwestie, w którym momencie procesu stosowano próbę wody oraz czy osoby oskarżone rozbierano do naga przed jej rozpoczęciem.One of the medieval trials by ordeal, the cold water ordeal, regained popularity in the Early Modern Period and served as an important element in witchcraft trials. Floating on water was seen as a decisive proof of guilt and resulted in the accused being handed over to the torturer. This paper discusses the use of the water ordeal in Poland in the 16th–18th century, primarily by municipal courts. Among the issues mentioned in the paper there is also the question of the stage of the trial in which the water ordeal was used and whether the accused were undressed before being subjected to the ordeal.
    Źródło:
    Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce; 2016, 60
    0029-8514
    Pojawia się w:
    Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ czeskiego i morawskiego prawa o ziemi na treść Ordynacji Ziemskiej Księstwa Opolsko-Raciborskiego na przykładzie prawa rodzinnego
    Autorzy:
    Slavickova, Pavla
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/631618.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
    Tematy:
    family law
    Bohemia
    Moravia
    Silesia
    Early Modern Period
    land law
    legal history
    prawo rodzinne
    Czechy
    Morawy
    Śląsk
    wczesna nowożytność
    Ordynacja Ziem
    historia prawa
    Opis:
    The aim of this contribution is to assess the extent of adoption of the Bohemian and Moravian land law in the crucial legal documents of 16th century Upper Silesia – the Land Ordinance of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, exemplified by the family law. The text is divided into three parts; the first part briefly summarised the process of codification in Bohemia and Moravia and in the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, the second part analyses the form of the land ordinances and the third part focuses on the content of concrete legal institutes of family law.Besides the above mentioned legal works, the comparison also takes into account the content of the Land Ordinance of the Duchy of Cieszyn and the crucial collection of municipal law, the Municipal Law Code of the Kingdom of Bohemia. The section related to guardianship of underage children, in particular, takes into account the possibility of the adoption from Roman law. Although many articles of the Land Ordinance of Opole and Racibórz contain similarities with the provisions of Bohemian and Moravian Land Ordinances, it would be a rash decision to talk about the adoption as only the principles are similar but not the formulations.Rather than the adoption of Bohemian (and Moravian) law in Silesia, the adoption of the provisions originating in the Roman law, which was a common practice in the given period in Central Europe, seems more probable. In fact, the only proven direct adoption from Bohemian and Moravian land law in the law of the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz is the article Jak sirotci poručníky své kvitovati mají, taken from the Moravian Land Ordinance from 1535 and 1562, in which case the article is identical both in terms of the content and wording.
    W pracy podjęto próbę oceny zakresu zapożyczeń z czeskiego i morawskiego prawa o ziemi, obecnych w kluczowych dokumentach prawnych Górnego Śląska, uchwalonych w XVI w., mianowicie Ordynacji Ziemskiej Księstwa Opolsko-Raciborskiego, na przykładzie prawa rodzinnego. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. Pierwsza część opisuje proces kodyfikacji na terenie Moraw i Czech oraz w Księstwie Opolsko-Raciborskim. Druga część stanowi analizę formy ordynacji ziemskich. Trzecia część pracy kładzie nacisk na zawartość wybranych tekstów prawnych z zakresu prawa rodzinnego.Ponadto, porównanie obejmuje zawartość Ordynacji Ziemskiej Księstwa Cieszyńskiego oraz kluczowy dla sprawy zbiór aktów prawa miejskiego Królestwa Czeskiego. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na artykuły związane ze sprawowaniem opieki nad małoletnimi. Część poświęcona wspomnianej problematyce bierze pod uwagę możliwość adaptacji ustaw z prawa rzymskiego. Chociaż wiele przepisów zawartych w treści Ordynacji Ziemskiej Księstwa Opolsko-Raciborskiego jest podobna do Ordynacji Ziemskiej w Czechach i na Morawach, stwierdzenie o przejęciu tychże praw może okazać się nazbyt śmiałe, jako że podobieństwo zauważalne jest jedynie w przypadku podstawowych zasad, nie zaś na poziomie sposobu formułowania tekstu.Bardziej prawdopodobną wydaje się być możliwość, że rozwiązania zawarte w Ordynacji wywodziły się z prawa rzymskiego, co stanowiło powszechną praktykę na terenie ówczesnej Europy Środkowej. W rzeczywistości, jedynym udowodnionym przykładem bezpośredniego przejęcia czeskiego i morawskiego prawa o ziemi obecnego w zarządzeniach Księstwa Opolsko-Raciborskiego jest akt prawny Jak sirotci poručníky své kvitovati mají, zaczerpnięty z Ordynacji Ziemskiej Moraw z okresu 1535–1562, który jest identyczny zarówno pod względem treści, jak i sposobu sformułowania.
    Źródło:
    Res Historica; 2019, 48
    2082-6060
    Pojawia się w:
    Res Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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