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Tytuł:
Too Much or Too Little Integration? EU and ASEAN Responses to the 2015 Migration Crisis: A Comparative Analysis
Za dużo czy za mało integracji? Reakcje Unii Europejskiej a ASEAN na kryzys migracyjny z 2015 roku – analiza porównawcza
Autorzy:
Marzęda-Młynarska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1936829.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
EU
ASEAN
2015 migration crisis
UE
kryzys migracyjny 2015
Opis:
The study analyzes the responses of the European Union (EU) and the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to the 2015 migration crisis and answers two questions: first, why did those two regional organizations prove ineffective in dealing with 2015 migration crisis? Second, why despite different legal, institutional and functional frameworks for cooperation in the migration field, the process by which both organizations made their decisions was very similar? The analysis of the EU and ASEAN migration governance frameworks shows neither too much integration (EU) nor too little (ASEAN) favor regional migration crisis solving.
Celem artykułu jest analiza reakcji Unii Europejskiej (UE) i Stowarzyszenia Narodów Azji Południowo-Wschodniej (ASEAN) na kryzys migracyjny 2015 roku oraz uzyskanie odpowiedzi na dwa pytania badawcze: po pierwsze, dlaczego oba ugrupowania integracyjne okazały się nieskuteczne w rozwiązaniu kryzysu migracyjnego z 2015 roku? Po drugie, dlaczego pomimo różnych normatywnych, instytucjonalnych i funkcjonalnych ram współpracy w obszarze migracji proces podejmowania decyzji w związku z kryzysem migracyjnym wyglądał podobnie w obu ugrupowaniach? Analiza modelu zarządzania problemem migracji w UE i ASEAN wykazała, że zarówno za dużo, jak i za mało integracji nie sprzyja rozwiązywaniu regionalnych kryzysów migracyjnych.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2019, 64; 24-44
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Polska wobec rozwoju polityki bezpieczeństwa i obrony Unii Europejskiej
Poland’s position on development of The European Union’s security and defense policy
Autorzy:
Ciupiński, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/625745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Polska
EU
political and military integration
Polska
UE
integracja polityczna i wojskowa
Opis:
The article is focusing on the evolution of Polish approach towards the development of the European strategic autonomy in the European military integration (European Security and Defense Identity), the European Security and Defense Policy and the Common European Security and Defense Policy after joining the EU. During Poland’s Presidency, one of the priorities was to improve military capabilities and crisis management systems. The article characterizes an official position of the Polish authorities in the process of EU integration security system. The last strategic document has been published in May 2017 by the Ministry of National Defense. There have been identified two stages: prior to accession to the EU and Poland’s participation in the ESDP/CSDP EU since 2004. Special attention was paid to the lack of interest of the current Polish political authorities in reforming the EU security system.
Artykuł dotyczy ewolucji stanowiska rządów Polski wobec kolejnych etapów rozwoju europejskiej autonomii strategicznej (Europejska Tożsamości Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony), Europejskiej Polityki Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony oraz Wspólna Europejska Polityka Bezpieczeństwa i Obrony Unii Europejskiej). Wyodrębnione zostały dwa etapy polskiej Polityki; przed akcesją do UE oraz udział Polski w ESDP/WPBiO, po przystąpieniu do UE. Podczas sprawowania przez Polskę Prezydencji w Radzie, jednym z priorytetów było doskonalenie zdolności wojskowych i systemu reagowania kryzysowego. Scharakteryzowano oficjalne stanowisko władz polskich wobec integracji systemu bezpieczeństwa UE wyrażone w dokumentach strategicznych. Ostatni taki dokument został opublikowany w maju 2017 r. w Ministerstwie Obrony Narodowej. Zwrócono uwagę na sytuacje kryzysowe w problemach dotyczących integracji europejskiej oraz na brak zainteresowania aktualnych władz politycznych Polski udziałem w reformowaniu systemu bezpieczeństwa UE.
Źródło:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej; 2018, 12; 357-370
1899-6256
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Integracji Europejskiej
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Eurasian Economic Union: in the European Unions footsteps or on new paths?
Autorzy:
Kiss, Lilla Nóra
Bektasheva, Aida
Szabó, Balázs
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2027437.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-11-26
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
integration forms
European Union
EU
Eurasian Economic Union
EAEU
global actors
comparative analysis
PESTEL-analysis
formy integracji
Unia Europejska
UE
Euroazjatycka Unia Gospodarcza
globalni aktorzy polityczni
analiza porównawcza
analiza PESTEL
Opis:
The European and Eurasian integration forms are genuinely unique, with legislative, executive, and judicial powers at the supranational level. The comparative analysis used in this article was aimed at evaluating the Eurasian Economic Union’s (EAEU) integration in comparison with the European Union’s (EU). The article presents some common characteristics of the European and Eurasian integration processes, as well as several differences that may arise from the reasons for integration. The authors analysed, structured, and evaluated the features of the EU and EAEU by applying the interdisciplinary and comparative approach of the PESTEL factors analysis. The conclusion is that even though the EAEU has copied some EU operational mechanisms, the integration’s differences might always be tangible. The authors found particularly interesting how the historical roots of EU integration and the political reasons for enhancing the EAEU exist with similar institutional solutions. The integration’s aim in defining themselves as global actors in the globalised environment is very intriguing. It can be concluded that the EU might serve as an example worth following to the EAEU in many senses
Formy integracji europejskiej i euroazjatyckiej są naprawdę wyjątkowe, łącznie z uprawnieniami ustawodawczymi, wykonawczymi i sądowniczymi na poziomie ponadnarodowym. Analiza porównawcza zastosowana w niniejszym artykule miała na celu ocenę integracji Eurazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej (EAEU) w porównaniu z Unią Europejską (UE). W artykule przedstawiono niektóre wspólne cechy procesów integracji europejskiej i euroazjatyckiej, a także odnotowano kilkа różnic, które mogą wynikać z przyczyn integracji. Autorzy przeanalizowali, ustrukturyzowali i ocenili cechy UE i EAEU, stosując podejście interdyscyplinarne i analizę porównawczą czynników PESTEL. Konkluzja jest taka, że chociaż EAEU skopiowała niektóre mechanizmy operacyjne UE, są widoczne różnice w formach integracji. Autorzy uważają za szczególnie interesujący fakt, że przy podobnych rozwiązaniach instytucjonalnych istnieją historyczne korzenie integracji w UE i polityczne powody wzmocnienia EAEU. Intrygujący jest cel integracji polegający na określeniu siebie jako globalnych aktorów w zglobalizowanym środowisku. Autorzy doszli do wniosku, że UE może stanowić przykład godny naśladowania dla EAEU w wielu aspektach.
Źródło:
Przegląd Europejski; 2021, 3; 35-64
1641-2478
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Europejski
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union
Autorzy:
Stoika, Viktoriia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1918445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Politechnika Śląska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
Tematy:
integration
European integration
Ukraine
EU
reforms
integracja
integracja europejska
Ukraina
UE
reformy
Opis:
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to establish the place of Ukraine on the process of European integration and the identification of obstacles to full membership in the European Union. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological and theoretical basis of the article is the fundamental provisions of economic theory, the works of scientists and economists in the field of international economic relations and integration. Findings: The article explores the problems of Ukraine’s integration into the EU. The study analyzed the attitude of Ukrainians towards European integration, identified the main arguments for and against accession to the EU countries, as well as the main internal and external threats of the integration process. It has been determined that in recent years the proportion of the population that has supported Ukraine’s accession to the EU has significantly increased. From the integration into the EU, Ukrainians primarily expect to expand the space of their own capabilities and the country's internal development in accordance with modern world trends. It is concluded that the population considers a high level of corruption in the country, problems in the Donbass and the inefficiency of public administration as the main obstacles to this process. Most residents of Ukraine consider it necessary to implement European reforms, but the consequence of their implementation has identified significant problems in terms of their real social effect. It is determined that Ukraine in some macroeconomic indicators lags significantly behind the EU countries, continues to lose its position in the global ranking of countries in terms of economic competitiveness, and remains one of the poorest countries in Europe. A significant problem for the development of Ukraine is the labor migration of the population and, in particular, the increase in the number of illegal migrants - Ukrainians in Europe. The main achievements in the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU are analyzed and the main threats to the further European integration are identified. It is concluded that Ukraine needs to develop its own “action plan” for the possibility of realizing national interests, taking into account the interests of the parties involved in the integration process. Originality/value: The mood of Ukrainian society, the current position of the state, the main obstacles and priorities that Ukraine faces on the way to the EU have been analysed in detail.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska; 2020, 146; 469-486
1641-3466
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Towards an Integration of The Legal Norms of the WTO and the EU
Autorzy:
Wróblewska, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2091917.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Centrum Prawa Samorządowego i Prawa Finansów Lokalnych
Tematy:
EU
WTO
integration tax
Opis:
The WTO, which is composed of 164 Member States at different levels of development, currently plays an increasingly important role as a legal regulator on the global level. Simultaneously, the EU (which currently consists of 27 Member States) has introduced law at the regional level. Although these two organizations do have similarities, they also differ significantly from each other and in practice function in isolation. The WTO is an entity /with its own legal norms, whose aim is to support trade liberalization. On the other hand, the EU is notable for guaranteeing peace, promoting shared values and generating wealth for all EU citizens by means of its own norms. As the EU and its Member States are a State Party of the WTO, the legal regulations of the WTO are included in EU sources of law and are binding for all EU Member States. Thus, the relationship between the WTO and the EU is closely related. This contribution deals with the theoretical comparison between the EU and the WTO in the context of axiology, basic principles and human rights protection aspects. I am of the opinion that it is not justified to look at these organizations in a completely separate way but to identify their common features. The main aim of the contribution is to confirm the hypothesis whether the process of integrating their legal regulations is possible. To consider this issue the Author has divided this paper into three parts: an introduction, a study of the WTO, a study of the EU and a conclusion. The following research methods have been used: legal comparison, analytical and descriptive.
Źródło:
Financial Law Review; 2021, 22, 3; 95-117
2299-6834
Pojawia się w:
Financial Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social Integration Processes of the Roma in Montenegro in 2006–2017
Autorzy:
Samoilenko, Yuliia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2146968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-05-14
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Wydawnictwo UMK
Tematy:
EU
Motenegro
NATO
Roma people
integration
language
census
minorities
population
socialization
Opis:
The article reveals the processes of social integration of the Roma in Montenegro in 2006–2017. The author analyses the performances of the government regarding the Roma issue. The article also shows that the Roma socialization process is an essential premise for Montenegro in their determination to European integration, which requires substantial adjustment and improvements in the legal system. In the research, the author assesses official documents concerning the Roma, which shows that the Roma community complies with a significant part of the overall Montenegrin population. Interestingly, almost two-thirds of Roma in Montenegro arrived at the country during the war in Kosovo in 1999–2000 and then received the status of internally displaced persons what made them hostages of international law for the decade. In addition, considering the social and cultural differences of the ethnic group with other nations living in the country, the integration process into the Montenegrin society is a real challenge for the state. The problem of social adaptation of the Roma is a topical issue for national welfare and security not only for Montenegro but for the whole of Central and Eastern Europe. Being a participant of the regional initiative “The Decade of Roma Inclusion” since 2005, the government of Montenegro have actively advanced the national legal system, developed and implemented projects for dwellings, education and culture of the Roma community. It is also noticeable that solving the Roma issue in the country correlates with the foreign policy objectives such as European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The author provides different examples to prove that in the first eleven years of independence, the government of Montenegro managed to make significant steps forward to the acceptance of European values through strenuous legal reforms.
Źródło:
Historia i Polityka; 2022, 40 (47); 105-123
1899-5160
2391-7652
Pojawia się w:
Historia i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europe Within the World of Regionalisms
Autorzy:
BACH, Daniel C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642155.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
regionalism
regional integration
Europe
Brexit
EU
Africa
Opis:
The surge of diversified forms of regionalism and regional integration within the past few decades has stimulated the reappraisal of the conceptual tools traditionally designed to bench-mark and monitor region-building processes across the world. More recently, the Brexit negotiations have become a reminder that the EU remains an unfolding experience. This article argues that the study of African regionalisms constitutes a timely invitation to revisit the experience of the EU and its contribution to the world of regionalisms. After a brief survey of the classic definition of the region, we will discuss the ongoing relevance of European integration and the implications of the analytical distinction between regionalism, regionalisation and regional integration, before drawing from the study of Africa five threads which set the basis for a comparative study of regions and regionalisms beyond the classic emphasis on the EU or the world of regions.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2018, 11; 345-354
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The problem of statistical assessment of the potential for the development of regional integration processes
Autorzy:
Osaulenko, Oleksandr
Bulatova, Olena
Zakharova, Olha
Reznikova, Natallia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917063.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-08
Wydawca:
Główny Urząd Statystyczny
Tematy:
integrated index
regional integration
EU
NAFTA
ASEAN
APTA
Opis:
The present article illustrates the use of integrated indices to evaluate the potential for the development of regional integration processes. The study examines a new research and methodological approach, which involves the use of an integral index of the potential for the development of integration processes, proposed with regard to the intensity of the influence of internal and external factors on integrative relations development. The application of the above-mentioned integrated index in a comparative analysis of the potential for the development of integration processes allows a comprehensive and quantitative description of the current regional integration processes taking place in the modern economy under certain regional models.
Źródło:
Statistics in Transition new series; 2021, 22, 4; 121-138
1234-7655
Pojawia się w:
Statistics in Transition new series
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The policy of European and Euro-Atlantic integration as a key factor for Ukraine’s transformation
Autorzy:
Pipchenko, Nataliya
Makarenko, Ievgeniia
Ryzhkov, Mykola
Zaitseva, Mariia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1892146.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
integration
media mentions
Eastern Partnership
EU
NATO
Ukraine
Opis:
The article explores the practice perspectives of European and Euro-Atlantic integration for the West’s Eastern neighbours with a focus on Ukraine in the main directions of cooperation: political, economic, security, and communication. It has been established that Eastern Partners show a dissimilar political interest in rapprochement with the EU and NATO due to the existence of diff foreign policy goals. The EU’s Association Agreements with Ukraine, Georgia, and Moldova are primarily aimed at defending the European integration, so the states are interested in developing close trade relations, and in achieving open and sustainable economic growth. The results have shown that Ukraine’s deepening Euro-Atlantic ties are a continuation of the European course of the state’s development, since the interaction with the EU and NATO aims to expand transatlantic relations and create updated security formats. The article also analyses the mechanisms of improving the efficiency of the communication between the EU, NATO and Ukraine by informing the public about the progress of Ukraine’s integration into relevant structures, the reforms of the economic and security sectors of Ukraine, and its participation in the Alliance’s non-military initiatives. The findings suggest that the improvement of public communication tools increases the involvement of governments in implementing integration policy goals and identifying issues that need a further response. Additionally, the Ukrainian government should strategically focus on ensuring and implementing practical measures aimed at shaping the image of Ukraine as an intent partner that adheres to its political commitments.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2021, 28, 1; 265-285
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Geopolitics in the Western Balkans: linkages, leverages and gatekeepers
Autorzy:
Abazi, Enika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
Western Balkans
EU
linkages
cooperation
integration
power
leverage
small power
Opis:
With the end of the Cold War, Western Balkans countries have embraced the perspective of integration into the Euro-Atlantic structures, with the exception of Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina regarding accession in NATO. The return of international system from hegemonic to competitive followed by the ambiguities that accompany the integration into the Euro-Atlantic structures marked the return of competitors like China, Russia and Turkey in the regional affairs. To map out sources of influence and the context in which foreign interferences affect decision-making and interests, transfer ideas and norms in the region, the paper uses the concept of linkages that facilitate the understanding of opportunities and constrains, benefits and costs resulting from established relationship between Western Balkan countries and different international and regional powers. The paper makes a multi-level investigation of linkages developed between Western Balkans and the leverage of the most influential actors during the last decade, without undermining historical and societal context that favor of disfavor them.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2021, 12, 24; 85-108
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problems and Perspectives of the EU-Ukraine Cooperation in the Area of Tourism in the Process of Implementing the Association Agreement
Autorzy:
Antonyuk, Nataliya
Krayevska, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Ukraine
EU
policy in the sphere of tourism
cooperation
European integration
EU-Ukraine cooperation
European Union policy in the sphere of tourism
Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU
Opis:
The purpose of the article is to identify problems and perspectives of the cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in the area of tourism, associated with implementing the EU Tourism Policy. The issues addressed in the article determine the main directions for Ukraine to join the process of the European integration. The authors describe political and legal aspects of cooperation in the area of tourism with respect to the implementation of the Association Agreement.
Źródło:
Studia Periegetica; 2017, 18(2); 65-74
1897-9262
2658-1736
Pojawia się w:
Studia Periegetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retrospekcja wzajemnych stosunków gospodarczych UE i Rosji Czynniki integrujące i dezintegrujące Unię
A retrospective of bilateral economic relations between EU and Russia
Autorzy:
Szydłowska, Ewelina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2194441.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Rosja
UE
integracja
energetyka
stosunki bilateralne
Russia
EU
integration
energy
bilateral relations
Opis:
The European Union and Russia are different in economic terms. In opposite to traditional Russia, the EU is a new type of international community. Both sides are both partners and rivals aware of their addiction. The rivalries result from the collision defending Russia’s sphere of influence and the aspirations of the enlarging Union. The Union’s goal is to develop not only through deepening cooperation, but also by admitting new members to the community. The Russian Federation in the development of the EU sees a threat to its superpower position, and this is also the result of actions aimed at inducing disintegration in the EU, because the divided Europe is a weak Europe.
Unia Europejska i Rosja różnią się pod względem gospodarczym. W przeciwieństwie do tradycjonalnej Rosji UE to nowy typ wspólnoty międzynarodowej. Obie strony to zarówno partnerzy, jak i rywale zdający sobie sprawę z uzależnienia od siebie. Rywalizacja wynika ze zderzenia broniącej swojej strefy wpływów Rosji oraz dążeń rozszerzającej się Unii. Celem Unii jest rozwijanie się nie tylko przez pogłębianie współpracy, ale także przez przyjmowanie nowych członków do wspólnoty. Federacja Rosyjska w rozwijaniu się UE widzi zagrożenie dla swojej mocarstwowej pozycji. Wynikają z tego również działania mające na celu wywołanie dezintegracji w UE, bo Europa podzielona to Europa słaba.
Źródło:
Świat Idei i Polityki; 2018, 17; 55-71
1643-8442
Pojawia się w:
Świat Idei i Polityki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Regional Policy of Ukraine in the Framework of the EU-Ukraine Cooperation.
Autorzy:
Antonyuk, Nataliya
Krayevska, Oksana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/462610.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Chełmie
Tematy:
Ukraine
EU
regional policy
cooperation
European integration
EU-Ukraine cooperation
Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU
Association Agenda
cross-border cooperation
Ukraina
UE
polityka regionalna
współpraca
integracja europejska
współpraca UE-Ukraina
układ o stowarzyszeniu między Ukrainą a UE
program stowarzyszeniowy
współpraca transgraniczna
Opis:
The challenges of the implementation of the provisions of the EU Regional policy in Ukraine are determined in this article. The history of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the framework of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement and Association Agenda are investigated here. The main features of the cross-border cooperation and perspectives of further development of regional policy in Ukraine are described in the article.
W artykule omawiane są wyzwania związane z wdrażaniem postanowień polityki regionalnej UE na Ukrainie. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono historii współpracy między Ukrainą a UE w ramach układu o stowarzyszeniu. Wyszczególnione zostały najważniejsze cechy współpracy transgranicznej i perspektywy dalszego rozwoju polityki regionalnej Ukrainy.
Źródło:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal; 2019, 1; 231-247
2450-3576
2719-3217
Pojawia się w:
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected factors shaping the international position of Slovakia since the collapse of the communist system
Autorzy:
Terem, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951096.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
foreign policy
democracy
reform
Czechoslovakia
Slovakia
integration
EU
Opis:
Since 1989 there have been many internal and external factors which have shaped the international position of Slovakia. The Slovak foreign policy has come through many tests until today. The current international situation on the European and global level creates new challenges for the foreign policy of the Slovak Republic. Although many difficulties have come, the Slovak Republic has shown the capacity to create responsible positions in the dynamically changing international environment, in dialogue with its transatlantic and European allies. This paper has the ambition to identify the key political factors and turning points in the internal and external political development, which have shaped the international position of the Slovak Republic and have significantly affected the credibility of the Slovak Republic in the framework of regional (V4), European (EU) and global (NATO, UN) structures since 1989.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2019, 42, 3; 157-172
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idee zjednoczeniowe „Ojców Europy” w praktyce integracyjnej
„Fathers of Europe” uniting ideas in integration practice
Autorzy:
Maksimiec, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/120825.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
Tematy:
Unia Europejska
integracja europejska
Ojcowie Europy
federalizm europejski
Wspólnota Europejska
European Union
EU
European integration
Fathers of Europe
European Federation
European Community
Opis:
The main role in European integration process was played by prominent European politicians called „Fathers of Europe” or „Builders of European Unity”. The federalists predominated among them. They dreamed of common and strong European state similar to the United States. The prime minister of Great Britain – Winston Churchill in his reference to mutual tradition of European nations – inspired the possibility of creating the United Europe in Zurich on 19-th Sept. 1946. This project was supported by Robert Schuman, Konrad Adenauer, Paul Henri Spaak, Altiero Spinelli, and Alicide De Gasperi. Jean Monnet proposed a sector method when perceiving ineffectiveness of the original project. For this reason he suggested the concept of small steps in constructing European structure oriented toward tightening interstate links. This way, the first stage of this concept was implemented through linking French and German sectors of coal and steel. This proposal was supported by French Minister of Foreign Affairs – R. Schuman on 9 May 1951 and named by his surname. The creation of federal structure of Europe was the ambition of „Fathers of Europe”. However, strong reluctance of some states and politicians caused integration mainly in the area of economy. The dynamic political and economic integration occurred after appointing European Union in 1992 based upon federalism. At present the European Union is neither federation nor confederation, because each state possesses its own sovereignty and freedom in the sphere of international relations. In essence, the European Union has an institutionalized form of cooperation between states. Consequently, the European Union can be understood both as international organization and a specific union of states. The success of „Fathers of Europe” is the United Europe, which engulfs the majority of European states and tends to further enlargement. However, the progress in integration of European Union is significant, the process of limiting the role of national states in favor of European Commonwealth is yet a distant project.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe AON; 2013, 4(93); 72-112
0867-2245
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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