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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Osteology, paleobiology, and relationships of the sauropod dinosaur Sauroposeidon
    Autorzy:
    Wedel, M J
    Cifelli, R L
    Sanders, R K
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22230.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2000
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Oklahoma
    pneumatic structure
    Sauroposeidon proteles
    Sauroposeidon
    paleobiology
    Cretaceous
    Antlers Formation
    dinosaur
    sauropod
    North America
    paleontology
    Opis:
    Sauroposeidon proteles is a large brachiosaurid sauropod recently described from the Antlers Formation (Aptian-Albian) of southeastern Oklahoma. Sauroposeidon represents the culmination of brachiosaurid trends toward lengthening and lightening the neck, and its cervical vertebrae are characterized by extensive pneumatic structures. The elaboration of vertebral air sacs during sauropod evolution produced a variety of internal structure types. We propose a new classification system for this array of vertebral characters, using computed tomography (CT) of pneumatic internal structures. Comparisons with birds suggest that the vertebrae of sauropods were pneumatized by a complex system of air sacs in the thorax and abdomen. The presence of a thoraco-abdominal air sac system in sauropods would dramatically affect current estimates of mass, food intake, and respiratory requirements. Sauroposeidon was one of the last sauropods in the Early Cretaceous of North America; sauropods disappeared from the continent by the early Cenomanian. The demise of sauropods in the Early Cretaceous of North America predates significant radiations of angiosperms, so the decline and extinction of this dinosaur group cannot be linked to changes in flora.
    Sauroposeidon proteles to wielki dinozaur z rodziny brachiozaurów, opisany niedawno z formacji Antlers (apt-alb) z południowo-wschodniej Oklahomy (USA). Stanowi on kulminację widocznej u brachiozaurów tendencji do wydłużania szyi i zmniejszania jej ciężaru - kręgi szyjne odznaczają się intensywną pneumatyzacją. Rozrost worków powietrznych w kręgach szyjnych doprowadził do wytworzenia rozmaitych wariantów ich budowy wewnętrznej. Autorzy proponują nowy podział owych struktur anatomicznych, oparty na obserwacji tomograficznej spneumatyzowanych kręgów. Porównania z ptakami sugerują, że kręgi zauropodów mieściły rozbudowany system worków powietrznych obejmujących też tułów. Obecność piersiowo-brzusznych worków powietrznych oznaczałaby radykalne zmiany dotychczasowych oszacowań masy ciała, zapotrzebowania pokarmowego i wydolności oddechowej zauropodów. Zauroposejdon był jednym z ostatnich zauropodów zamieszkujących Amerykę Północną we wczesnej kredzie (we wczesnym cenomanie brak już zauropodów na tym kontynencie). Zniknięcie zauropodów z Ameryki Północnej poprzedziło większe radiacje adaptacyjne roślin okrytozalążkowych, toteż nie można wiąać upadku i zaniku tej grupy dinozaurów ze zmianami flory.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2000, 45, 4
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, USA
    Autorzy:
    Taylor, M.
    Wedel, M.
    Cifelli, R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23198.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    Camarasauromorpha
    Brontomerus
    Brontomerus mcintoshi
    diversity
    Early Cretaceous
    North America
    new sauropod dinosaur
    Lower Cretaceous
    Cedar Mountain Formation
    Utah
    Cretaceous
    sauropod dinosaur
    Opis:
    Brontomerus mcintoshi is a new genus and species of sauropod dinosaur from the Hotel Mesa Quarry in Grand County, Utah, USA, in the upper part of the Ruby Ranch Member (Aptian–Albian) of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation. It is known from at least two fragmentary specimens of different sizes. The type specimen is OMNH 66430, the left ilium of a juvenile individual; tentatively referred specimens include a crushed presacral centrum, a complete and well−preserved mid−to−posterior caudal vertebra, the partial centrum of a distal caudal vertebra, a complete pneumatic anterior dorsal rib from the right side, the nearly complete left scapula of a much larger, presumably adult, individual, and two partial sternal plates. Brontomerus is diagnosed by five autapomorphies of the type specimen: preacetabular lobe 55% of total ilium length, longer than in any other sauropod; preacetabular lobe directed anterolaterally at 30 to the sagittal, but straight in dorsal view and vertically oriented; postacetabular lobe reduced to near absence; ischiadic peduncle reduced to very low bulge; ilium proportionally taller than in any other sauropod, 52% as high as long. In a phylogenetic analysis, Brontomerus was recovered as a camarasauromorph in all most parsimonious trees, but with uncertain position within that clade. The large preacetabular lobe of the ilium anchored powerful protractor and abductor muscles, but precise interpretation is impossible without functionally related elements such as femora and proximal caudal vertebrae. Brontomerus is the eighth sauropod genus named from the Early Cretaceous of North America, and more remain to be described: North American sauropod diversity did not decline catastrophically at the end of the Jurassic as often assumed. The most striking differences between Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sauropod faunas in North America is that the former are abundant and dominated by diplodocids, whereas the latter are comparatively scarce— though still diverse—and dominated by macronarians.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new titanosaur sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of North Patagonia, Argentina
    Autorzy:
    Filippi, L.S.
    Garcia, R.A.
    Garrido, A.C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20301.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    new species
    titanosaur
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Upper Cretaceous
    Cretaceous
    North Patagonia
    Argentina
    paleontology
    Sauropoda
    Titanosauria
    phylogenesis
    Anacleto Formation
    Neuquen basin
    Narambuenatitan palomoi
    Opis:
    A new sauropod titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Anacleto Formation is described. Narambuenatitan palomoi gen. et sp. nov., is diagnosed by cranial and axial autapomorphies. The holotype, which represent a subadult individual, consists of the left premaxilla and maxilla, braincase, both quadrates, one cervical vertebrae, one dorsal vertebra, fragments of cervical and dorsal ribs, seventeen caudal vertebrae, caudal transverse processes, fragments of haemal arches, left sternal plate, right coracoid, left humerus, left ulnae, both pubes, iliac pedicel, proximal fragment of right ischia, and an incomplete left femur. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that Narambuenatitan is a non−eutitanosaurian lithostrotian, and that it shares with Epachthosaurus a neural spine in middle caudal vertebrae which are laminar and posteriorly elongated.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 3
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dermal armor histology of Saltasaurus loricatus, an Upper Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur from Northwest Argentina
    Autorzy:
    Cerda, I A
    Powell, J.E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22424.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    dermal armor
    histology
    Saltasaurus loricatus
    Upper Cretaceous
    Cretaceous
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    Argentina
    Sauropoda
    Titanosauria
    osteohistology
    osteoderm
    dermal ossicle
    metaplasia
    paleontology
    Opis:
    The first unambiguous evidence of the presence of osteoderms in sauropod dinosaurs came from the discovery of Saltasaurus loricatus, a titanosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. The dermal armor of Saltasaurus is composed of bony plates and small dermal ossicles. Here, we analyze the bone microstructure of these elements and provide information regarding its origin and development. The bony plates are composed almost entirely of reconstructed cancellous bone. Remains of primary bone consist of coarse bundles of mineralized collagenous fibers towards the external surface. Also, woven fibered bone tissue appears in the basal and lateral regions. Dermal ossicles lack secondary remodeling, and their matrix is formed by three orthogonal systems of collagenous fiber bundles. Growth lines are present in both bony plates and ossicles. Bone histology reveals that osteoderms mainly originated through direct mineralization (metaplasia) of the dermis, although other mechanisms are also involved (at least in the origin of dermal plates). The common features of development and integumental location of the osteoderms of Saltasaurus and other non−related vertebrates (e.g., lepidosaurs, crocodylomorphs) are linked to the intrinsic skeletogenic properties of the dermis.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 3; 389-398
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New remains attributable to the holotype of the sauropod dinosaur Neuquensaurus australis, with implications for saltasaurine systematics
    Autorzy:
    D'emic, M.
    Wilson, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    paleontology
    Dinosauria
    Sauropoda
    Titanosauria
    Neuquensaurus australis
    Saltasaurus loricatus
    taxonomy
    Cretaceous
    South America
    remains
    new remains
    holotype
    sauropod dinosaur
    dinosaur
    systematics
    saltasaurine systematics
    Opis:
    The Late Cretaceous South American sauropods Neuquensaurus australis and Saltasaurus loricatus are represented by well−preserved and abundant material that has been integral to our understanding of titanosaur anatomy for decades. Although the hypodigms for these species span most of the skeleton, holotypic materials are limited to a few bones that do not overlap between the two taxa. In this contribution, we augment the holotype of Neuquensaurus australis with a partial sacrum that was preserved in articulation with one of the caudal vertebrae from its original description, but not recognised as such at the time. We document this field association via the presence of a broken piece of matrix on the sixth sacral vertebral centrum that has a snap−fit to matrix on the rim of the anterior condyle of the holotypic biconvex vertebra. Based on comparisons with a more complete sacrum and ilium of a referred specimen of Neuquensaurus australis, we interpret this biconvex vertebra to be the seventh sacral vertebra. This raises the possibility that the biconvex “first caudal” vertebra of some other titanosaurs may be part of the sacrum as well. Augmentation of the Neuquensaurus australis holotype to include a sacrum makes it directly comparable to the holotype of Saltasaurus loricatus. Morphological differences in the number, shape, and proportion of sacral vertebrae allow discrimination between Neuquensaurus and Saltasaurus, confirming their generic separation. The El Brete quarry, which preserves the holotypic sacrum and abundant referred specimens of Saltasaurus loricatus, also preserves a sacrum consisting of seven vertebrae that bears autapomorphies of Neuquensaurus australis, indicating that these two saltasaurines coexisted.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Evidence for a sauropod-like metacarpal configuration in ankylosaurian dinosaurs
    Autorzy:
    Senter, P.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22481.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Cloverly Formation
    Cretaceous
    Lower Cretaceous
    metacarpal configuration
    Sauropelta edwardsorum
    ankylosaur
    ankylosaurian dinosaur
    dinosaur
    paleontology
    hypothesis
    Opis:
    Ankylosaurian dinosaurs are armored, quadrupedal members of the ornithischian clade Thyreophora. Ankylosaurs are typically portrayed with the metacarpals slanted and distally divergent, with their proximal ends arranged in a shallow arc, both in the literature (Matthew 1922; Gaston et al. 2001; McCrea et al. 2001; Vickaryous et al. 2004) and in museum mounts (Fig. 1). In contrast, Carpenter (1984) illustrated the metacarpals of the ankylosaur Sauropelta edwardsorum Ostrom, 1970, from the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly Formation of Wyoming and Montana, with their proximal ends arranged in a tight, semicircular arc, but even in that depiction the metacarpals were slanted and distally divergent. Members of the thyreophoran clade Stegosauria, the sister taxon to the Ankylosauria (Butler et al. 2008), have also typically been portrayed with slanted and distally divergent metacarpals (Marsh 1891; Gilmore 1914; Galton and Upchurch 2004). Some researchers expressed the opinion that stegosaur metacarpals were held vertically, not distally divergent, with their proximal ends arranged in a tight, semicircular arc, so that the metacarpus formed a vertical half−tube (von Huene 1931; Thulborn 1990; Christiansen 1997) such that flexion of digit I would move it toward digit V. Manual manipulation of stegosaurian metacarpals has since confirmed that this is the correct configuration of the stegosaurian metacarpus (Senter 2010). Here I investigate the possibility that the ankylosaurian metacarpus exhibited a similar configuration. As in the previous study on stegosaurs (Senter 2010), I treat the slanting and spreading configuration and the vertical semi−tubular configuration as competing hypotheses, each with a set of testable predictions. Each hypothesis of metacarpal configuration in ankylosaurs predicts that the configuration (1) is allowed by the shapes of the metacarpals, (2) provides a better fit (alignment and contact of opposing articular surfaces) between the metacarpals than the competing hypothesis, (3) does not compromise the goodness of fit between the metacarpals and the phalanges, (4) is not contradicted by articulated specimens, and (5) agrees with ichnological evidence. In the previous study on stegosaurs I included an additional prediction: that the configuration provides sufficient support for and does not disarticulate the more proximal forelimb bones. Here, that prediction is omitted, because the ankylosaurian carpus is unknown (Vickaryous et al. 2004) except for a single carpal described by Maleev (1954).
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 1
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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