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Wyszukujesz frazę "Liu, Liu" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
    Tytuł:
    Emerging of canine kobuvirus in dogsin China, 2015
    Autorzy:
    Liu, D.F.
    Liu, X.
    Li, Z.J.
    F. Liu
    Hu, X.L.
    Li, Z.G.
    Liu, C.G.
    Ma, J.Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2087863.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    canine kobuvirus (CaKoV)
    dogs
    phylogenetic
    VP1
    China
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences; 2017, 4; 707-711
    1505-1773
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New basal synapsid supports Laurasian origin for therapsids
    Autorzy:
    Liu, J
    Rubidge, B.
    Li, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21774.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    synapsid
    Laurasia
    therapsid
    fossil
    paleontology
    China
    Therapsida
    Dashankou
    Permian
    fauna
    Gansu province
    tetrapod fossil
    Opis:
    The distant evolutionary ancestry of mammals is documented by a rich therapsid fossil record. While sphenacodontid synapsids are considered the sister−group of therapsids, the place of origin of therapsids is an enigma, largely because of a long standing morphological and temporal gap (Olson’s Gap) in their fossil record. We describe a new large predatory synapsid, Raranimus dashankouensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Permian of Dashankou in China which has a unique combination of therapsid and sphenacodontid features. This specimen is of great significance asit is a basal therapsid which is the sister taxon to all other therapsids. The fact that it was found in association with Early Permian tetrapods (Anakamacops and Belebey) suggests that it is the oldest therapsid and provides the first evidence of therapsid−bearing rocks which cover Olson’s Gap. It further supports that therapsids may have had a Laurasian rather than Gondwanan origin.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2009, 54, 3; 393-400
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Scale-dependent environmental control of mesozooplankton community structure in three aquaculture subtropical bays of China
    Autorzy:
    Sun, D.
    Liu, Z.
    Wang, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48224.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    zooplankton
    aquaculture
    pollution effect
    multivariate analysis
    subtropical bay
    China
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2016, 58, 2
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A comparative study of deaf children’s family resilience
    Porównawcze badania odporności psychicznej w rodzinach dzieci głuchych
    Autorzy:
    Shenglin, Liu
    Potměšíl, Miloň
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/943605.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie
    Tematy:
    comparative study
    family resilience
    deaf children
    China
    the Czech Republic
    Opis:
    This study compares families’ adaptation to childhood deafness in China and the Czech Republic. A sample of 160 families with deaf children were studied; 107 from China, 53 from the Czech Republic. The results showed that (1) overall, both family groups demonstrated resilience when facing the risk of childhood deafness by accepting the children’s deafness, functioning normally, and expecting a good future for their children; (2) Chinese families and Czech families did not demonstrate significant differences in the overall outcome of positive adaptation but displayed apparent differences in adaptiv patterns; (3) Chinese families were impacted more severely than Czech families by childhood deafness due to the lack of adequate social support, but cohesive family relationships and more positive changes in family belief such as optimism, altruism and tolerance toward differences might mediate the adverse impact caused by children’s deafness.
    Źródło:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica; 2012, 5; 28-43
    2084-5596
    Pojawia się w:
    Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A large xenusiid lobopod with complex appendages from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstatte
    Autorzy:
    Liu, J
    Shu, D.
    Han, J.
    Zhang, Z.
    Zhang, X.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21541.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2006
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Chengjiang Lagerstatte
    Lobopodia
    China
    arthropod
    Jianshanopodia decora
    large lobopod
    lobopod
    body length
    Arthropoda
    Xenusiidae
    Cambrian
    paleontology
    Lower Cambrian
    Opis:
    A large lobopod, Jianshanopodia decora gen. et sp. nov., with body length (excluding appendages) about 220 mm from the Lower Cambrian Haikou section, near Kunming, Yunnan, southwest China, shows a mixture of characters, including features of the lobopod Xenusion Pompeckj, 1927, e.g., a large cylindrical body with annulations, stout and strong lobopod appendages each bearing bases of serial tubercles, and of Aysheaia Walcott, 1911, i.e., a pair of large frontal appendages. This suggests that the new genus might be a connecting link between Xenusion and Aysheaia. Besides, Jianshanopodia shares some features with the Early Cambrian stem group arthropod Pambdelurion Budd, 1997, and Kerygmachela Budd, 1993, e.g., the pairs of mid−gut diverticula, the possible presence of tail fan, the mouth cone, the frontal pharyngeal structures and the pharynax are surrounded by the bases of the large frontal appendages. However, compared with a series of segmentally arranged, imbricating, paddle−shaped, movable lateral flaps of both Pambdelurion and Kerygmachela, Jianshanopodia possesses distinct complex appendages with tree−like or lamellate branches. The discovery of this rare transitional form not only throws new light on the early diversification of lobopods, and may also have significance with respect to the origin of arthropods.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2006, 51, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new fossil lacewing genus and species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China
    Autorzy:
    Wang, Y
    Liu, Z.
    Ren, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22432.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    new fossil
    fossil
    paleontology
    systematics
    lacewing genus
    lacewing species
    Middle Jurassic
    Jurassic
    Inner Mongolia
    China
    Tenuosmylus brevineurus
    Poriminae
    Eidoporisminae
    Stenosmylinae
    Opis:
    A new fossil lacewing, Tenuosmylus brevineurus gen. et sp. nov., was collected from an outcrop of Middle Jurassic strata in the village of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. The new genus is assigned to Gumillinae based on eleven defining characteristics of the subfamily. The affiliation of Tenuosmylus including other five genera of the subfamily is discussed. Our result supports the opinion that Epiosmylinae was a junior synonym of Gumillinae, which is likely a relic of ancient osmylids based on similarity of forewing venation. Veins Mp₂ and Cu₂ have complicated branches that are generally present in extinct as well as some extant subfamilies (Poriminae, Eidoporisminae, Stenosmylinae). A key is given to differentiate six known genera within Gumillinae.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2009, 54, 3; 557-560
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Stream networks and knickpoints in the Sanjiangyuan Region
    Rozwoj progow skalnych oraz morfologia rzek w regionie Sanjiangyuan
    Autorzy:
    Wang, Z
    Yu, G.-A.
    Brierley, G.
    Liu, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/81661.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie. Wydawnictwo Szkoły Głównej Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    China
    stream network
    knickpoint
    Sanjiangyuan region
    morphology
    river
    Yangtze River
    Yellow River
    drainage network
    Opis:
    The source area of the Lancang (Mekong), Yangtze and Yellow rivers is named in Chinese Sanjiangyuan (source of three rivers). Geographical characteristics of these rivers, and various rivers at the margin of the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau (Jialing, Minjiang, Dadu, Yalong and Jinsha) are summarized from fi eld investigations along with digital elevation model (DEM) analyses and satellite images. Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has resulted in an asymmetrical distribution of tributaries for stream networks at the margins of the plateau. Almost all tributaries join the trunk stream from the northwest. Three types of drainage network are evident: plume, nervation and dendritic. In general, plume networks have a large number of first order streams. Nervation networks have a main stream and parallel tributaries. Dentritic networks are characrterized by continuous bifurcation and have a branch-like appearance. Most stream networks in the Sanjiangyuan region are of the nervation type. Several large knickpoints are evident along the longitudinal profi les of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Channel aggradation immediately upstream of these knickpoints marks a transition in river processes from vertical bed evolution (i.e. incision) to horizontal channel adjustment (and associated braided and anabranching channels).
    W artykule przedstawiono proces rozwoju progów skalnych wzdłuż rzek Yellow i Yangtze. Wykazano wpływ progów skalnych na zmiany morfologiczne dna koryt rzek. Głównie skoncentrowano się na zmianach agradacyjnych powyżej omawianych progów. Progi te są wyznacznikami zmian charakteru koryta rzecznego, z pionowo wciętego na wielonurtowy, roztopowy o szerszym korycie. Badania wykonano w rejonie Qinghai_Tibetan Plateau, zwanym obszarem źródłowym trzech rzek – oprócz wyżej wspomnianych również rzeka Mekong.
    Źródło:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation; 2010, 42, 1; 79-91
    0208-5771
    Pojawia się w:
    Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Soft-tissue preservation in the Lower Cambrian linguloid brachiopod from South China
    Autorzy:
    Zhang, Z
    Han, J.
    Zhang, X.
    Liu, J.
    Shu, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20001.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Lingulellotreta malongensis
    Chengjiang Lagerstatte
    soft tissue preservation
    lophophore
    brachiopod
    linguloid brachiopod
    China
    Linguloidea
    gastrointestinal tract
    Cambrian
    Lower Cambrian
    paleontology
    Opis:
    The organization of the lophophore and the digestive system are recognized as two of the diagnostic characters in the definition of higher brachiopod taxa, and hence play a major role in their phylogenetic analysis, their structure, however, is very rarely fossilized. Here we describe and interpret specimens of the brachiopod Lingulellotreta malongensis, from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte (South China), one of the earliest known taxa of the Lingulellotretidae, in which lophophores and intact, U−shaped digestive tracts are extraordinarily well−preserved. The lophophore, with clearly preserved tentacles, corresponds to an early spirolophe developmental stage. The digestive tract consists of a mouth, esophagus, distended stomach, intestine and an anterior anus, and differs from that of the Chengjiang obolid Lingulella chengjiangensis by the presence of the dilated stomach and by the absence of a looped intestine as in Lingula. In addition, the relative sizes of the mantle and visceral cavities of Lingulellotreta malongensis also are described. These fossils demonstrate that by the Atdabanian brachiopods had already possessed advanced features, and suggest that a lophophore and a U−shaped intestine with an anterior anus are brachiopod plesiomorphies.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2004, 49, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Li people in Ledong, Hainan Island, China
    Autorzy:
    Huang, W.
    Li, P.
    Liu, Y.
    Ju, Y.
    Wang, J.
    Ntumwel, C.B.
    Long, C.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/57864.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    ethnobotany
    traditional knowledge
    ethnomedicine
    medicinal plant
    Li ethnic group
    ethnic group
    Ledong county
    Hainan Island
    China
    Opis:
    The paper documents on the uses of traditional medicinal plants used for treating human ailments in three villages of Ledong, a county inhabited by Liethnic group in the southwest of Hainan Province, China. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and participatory observations were used to collect ethnobotanical data from February to March 2012 and in July 2013. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Thirty native knowledgeable people were interviewed. The Li community uses 50 plant species in 36 families for medicinal purposes. The most common medicinal plant families were Leguminosae (14%), Compositae (6%), and Euphorbiaceae (6%), and the most common preparations methods were decoction (84%), crushing (38%), and poultice (34%). The traditional medicinal plants were mainly used for hemostasis (12.9%), body pains (11.4%), gastrointestinal disorders (11.4%), and trauma (10%). Twenty-four species of medicinal plants (48%) have never been reported in the literature of Li medicines. In addition, 22 species (44%) have already been studied by researchers and their extracts or compounds were good bioactives. However, the rapid socioeconomic development in the county is the main threat to the conservation of Li medicine and has resulted in the decrease in the abundance and use of medicinal plants and associated traditional knowledge. Other factors accounting for a decrease in the use of Li medicinal plants like loss of plant diversity, change of land use, and threatened traditional knowledge were equally discussed.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2016, 85, 1
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Biomass partition and carbon storage of Cunninghamia lanceolata chronosequence plantations in Dabie Mountains in East China
    Autorzy:
    Xie, X.
    Cui, J.
    Shi, W.
    Liu, X.
    Tao, X.
    Wang, Q.
    Xu, X.N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41359.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
    Tematy:
    biomass
    carbon storage
    Cunninghamia lanceolata
    Chinese fir
    chronosequence
    plantation forest
    Dabie Mountains
    China
    Opis:
    The quantification of biomass carbon pools is important for understanding carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. This study was designed to reveal the effects of stand age on biomass partitioning and carbon storage of Chinese fir plantation stands in Dabie Mountains of Anhui, East China. A total of six even-aged Chinese fir plantation stands along an age-sequence from 10 to 50 years were selected. To quantify the biomass of different tree components, 18 trees with diameter at breast height (D1.3) from 6.5 to 35.2 cm were harvested from the different aged stands. Biomasses of understory vegetation, forest floor and standing dead trees were also investigated. Total biomass carbon storages ranged from 57.6 to 211.4 Mg ha–1 in the different aged stands. Tree layer comprised from 93.7% to 96.4% of the total biomass C pools in the different aged stands. The C pools of the necromass were from 1.8 to 6.2 Mg ha–1. Stand age had a significant effect on tree biomass partitioning, with an increase in proportion of root biomass. The root/shoot ratios were from 0.187 to 0.312, which was significantly positively correlated to stand age. The existing plantation stands are still developing and have somewhat high rate of biomass and carbon accumulations beyond the normal rotation period (usually 25–30 years) even over an age of 50 years. Appropriate prolongation of the rotation period of Chinese fir plantation will be effective in maintaining long-term productivity and providing large carbon sink. The measurements provide valuable data for modelling productivity of Chinese fir plantation forest.
    Źródło:
    Dendrobiology; 2016, 76
    1641-1307
    Pojawia się w:
    Dendrobiology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A new troodontid theropod from the Late Cretaceous of central China, and the radiation of Asian troodontids
    Autorzy:
    Lu, J
    Xu, L.
    Liu, Y.
    Zhang, X.
    Jia, S.
    Ji, Q.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/20912.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    new theropod
    Late Cretaceous
    Central China
    Asian troodontid
    troodontid
    Theropoda
    Troodontidae
    Xixiasaurus
    Cretaceous
    Henan province
    China
    paleontology
    Opis:
    A new troodontid dinosaur, Xixiasaurus henanensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Majiacun Formation of the Xixia Basin, Henan Province, is erected, based on a partial skull. It is characterized by bearing 22 maxillary teeth, a distinct opening on the lateral surface of the base of nasal process of the premaxilla, the rostral end of the upper jaw forming a tapered U−shape, and the mandibular symphyseal region slightly inflected medially. Xixiasaurus is most closely related to the Mongolian Byronosaurus among troodontids. Byronosaurus, Urbacodon, and Xixiasaurus may form a new clade, suggesting an endemic radiation of troodontids across Asia, including multiple taxa without dental serrations. The discovery of Xixiasaurus in the Xixia Basin may imply that the Xixiasaurus−bearing Majiacun Formation is Campanian in age.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2010, 55, 3; 381-388
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Trunk ornament on the palaeoscolecid worms Cricocosmia and Tabelliscolex from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang deposits of China
    Autorzy:
    Han, J
    Liu, J.
    Zhang, Z.
    Zhang, X.
    Shu, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/23260.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
    Tematy:
    Tabelliscolex hexagonus
    Palaeoscolecida
    Priapulida
    Chengjiang deposit
    Cricocosmia jinningensis
    trunk ornament
    fossil worm
    China
    Early Cambrian
    Cambrian
    Lower Cambrian
    paleontology
    Opis:
    Cricocosmia jinningensis, one of the most abundant palaeoscolecid worms from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang deposits of south China, was originally described as bearing double longitudinal rows of lateral conical sclerites on the trunk. New observation reveals that the ventral trunk bears an additional set of ventral sclerites while the lateral sclerites display a tubercle−bearing (inner surface) and net−like (outer surface) microstructure similar to that of Tabelliscolex hexagonus. These findings mean that: (1) Cricocosmia shows a dorso−ventral and antero−posterior differentiation in trunk ornament; (2) as seen from the microstructure, Cricocosmia is close to Tabelliscolex hexagonus, supporting the idea that lobopodians and arthropods, both of which show an upper capping layer in the outer sclerites, are more closely related than the palaeoscolecidans; and (3) the similarities among the scalids, pharyngeal teeth and the trunk spines of palaeoscolecidans are superficial. Tabelliscolex maanshanensis sp. nov., characterized by an inner concentric circlet of laminae in each tubercle of the lateral trunk plate, is proposed herein. Element mapping reveal that four known pathways of preservation can be found co−occurring in a single specimen of Cricocosmia or Tabelliscolex, which sheds new light on the preservation of the Chengjiang fossils.
    Źródło:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2007, 52, 2
    0567-7920
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mixed leaf litter decomposition and N, P release with a focus on Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houz. forest in subtropical southeastern China
    Autorzy:
    Shi, L.
    Fan, S.
    Jiang, Z.
    Qi, L.
    Liu, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/56692.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
    Tematy:
    leaf litter
    decomposition
    nitrogen
    phosphorus
    Phyllostachys edulis
    moso bamboo
    tortoise-shell bamboo zob.moso bamboo
    forest
    subtropical area
    China
    Opis:
    As an important non-wood forest product and wood substitute, Moso bamboo grows extremely rapidly and hence acquires large quantities of nutrients from the soil. With regard to litter decomposition, N and P release in Moso bamboo forests is undoubtedly important; however, to date, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted. Here, we chose two dominant species (i.e., Cunninghamia lanceolata and Phoebe bournei), in addition to Moso bamboo, which are widely distributed in subtropical southeastern China, and created five leaf litter mixtures (PE100, PE80PB20, PE80CL20, PE50PB50 and PE50CL50) to investigate species effects on leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release (N and P) via the litterbag method. Over a one-year incubation experiment, mass loss varied significantly with litter type (P < 0.05). The litter mixtures containing the higher proportions (>80%) of Moso bamboo decomposed faster; the remaining litter compositions followed Olson's decay mode well (R2 > 0.94, P < 0.001). N and P had different patterns of release; overall, N showed great temporal variation, while P was released from the litter continually. The mixture of Moso bamboo and Phoebe bournei (PE80PB20 and PE50PB50) showed significantly faster P release compared to the other three types, but there was no significant difference in N release. Litter decomposition and P release were related to initial litter C/N ratio, C/P ratio, and/or C content, while no significant relationship between N release and initial stoichiometric ratios was found. The Moso bamboo-Phoebe bournei (i.e., bamboo-broadleaved) mixture appeared to be the best choice for nutrient return and thus productivity and maintenance of Moso bamboo in this region.
    Źródło:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae; 2015, 84, 2
    0001-6977
    2083-9480
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Feudal Internationalism? Foreign Policy of the People’s Republic of China: See China Change From Back Then to Now to What Next?
    Feudalny internacjonalizm? Polityka zagraniczna Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej: obraz Chin z przeszłości, spojrzenie na teraźniejszość i prognozy na przyszłość
    Autorzy:
    Liu, Hanzhen
    Jones, David A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/439947.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula
    Tematy:
    China
    “feudal internationalism”
    foreign policy
    OBOR
    Silk Road
    Silk Route
    Chiny
    "feudalny internacjonalizm”
    polityka zagraniczna
    Jedwabny Szlak.
    Opis:
    Sovereign territory that is called the People’s Republic of China at present has existed for some 5,000 years or longer across several dozen dynasties, several periods ruled by “warlords,” at least two Republics including the current People’s Republic of China. Over such a long time period, “China” has changed remarkably, evidenced by revisions in its language, arrival then departure of various forms of governance and leaders, prosperity during the Ming Dynasty, poverty from the “Great Leap Forward” of the 1950s through the “Cultural Revolution” of the 1960s and 1970s, to the present period the authors have termed “feudal internationalism.” This article will focus on China’s changing foreign policies: from the dynastic periods, across the post-dynastic Ming Guo period (1911-1927), to the Republic of China period controlled by the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomingtang), (1927- 1949), to the People’s Republic of China controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (Gongchantang) that has changed its own foreign policies several times since taking power in 1949, mostly during or since China’s “opening” to the West during the administration of Deng Xiaoping as China’s “paramount leader” (1978-1989) that ushered in “four modernizations”, the third of which upgraded China’s national defense. Changes in China’s foreign policy have continued under its current president, Xi Jinping, most noticeably with China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative that involves building infrastructure across Eurasia and Africa at the cost of billions of dollars estimated to turn into trillions of dollars as China endeavors to resurrect then put to new uses the ancient “Silk Road” overland plus the maritime “Silk Route” with cutting edge airports, highways, railways, seaports needed to connect China with raw materials including energy sources from Africa and consumer markets in Europe.
    Suwerenne terytorium nazywane obecnie Chińską Republiką Ludową istnieje od ponad 5000 lat. W tym czasie doświadczyło rządów kilkudziesięciu dynastii, kilku gubernatorów wojskowych i przynajmniej dwóch republik, w tym Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. W tak długim okresie Chiny przeszły olbrzymie zmiany, co miało swoje odzwierciedlenie w zmianach języka, przyjmowaniu i odrzucaniu różnych form rządów i przywódców, czasach dobrobytu za panowania Dynastii Ming, biedy spowodowanej „Wielkim skokiem” w latach 50. XX wieku i „Rewolucją kulturalną” lat 60. i 70. XX wieku, aż po obecny okres, który autorzy nazywają „feudalnym internacjonalizmem”. Praca poświęcona jest zmianom polityki zagranicznej Chin: od okresów dynastycznych, przez post-dynastyczny okres Ming Guo (1911-1927), Republikę Chińską kontrolowaną przez Chińską Partię Narodową (Guomingtang), (1927-1949), po Chińską Republikę Ludową pod przywództwem Chińskiej Partii Komunistycznej (Gongchantang). Po przejęciu władzy w 1949 r., Chińska Partia Komunistyczna wielokrotnie zmieniała swoją politykę zagraniczą, głównie od momentu lub podczas „otwierania się” Chin na Zachód za czasów administracji Deng Xiaopinga jako „najwyższego przywódcy” Chin (1978-1989), który rozpoczął „cztery modernizacje” (z których trzecia zmodernizowała chińskie siły obronne). Zmiany w chińskiej polityce zagranicznej miały swój dalszy ciąg pod przywództwem jej obecnego prezydenta, Xi Jinpinga, szczególnie w postaci inicjatywy „Jeden pas, jedna droga”, która pociągała za sobą stworzenie infrastruktury w całej Eurazji i Afryce. Inwestycja warta miliardy dolarów, które mogą urosnąć do trylionów, jest próbą wskrzeszenia starożytnego „Jedwabnego Szlaku” wiodącego zarówno przez ląd, jak i trasy morskie, zaopatrzone w najbardziej zaawansowane technologicznie lotniska, autostrady, koleje i porty morskie, mające dać Chinom dostęp do surowców naturalnych, źródeł energii z Afryki oraz rynków konsumenckich w Europie.
    Źródło:
    Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula; 2018, 1(55); 21-40
    2084-4689
    Pojawia się w:
    Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potential risk of Mesodinium rubrum bloom in the aquaculture area of Dapeng’ao cove, China: diurnal changes in the ciliate community structure in the surface water
    Autorzy:
    Liu, H.
    Song, X.
    Huang, L.
    Tan, Y.
    Zhong, Y.
    Huang, J.R.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47949.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
    Tematy:
    potential risk
    Mesodinium rubrum
    bloom
    aquaculture area
    Dapeng'ao cove
    China
    diurnal change
    ciliate community
    surface water
    heavy rainfall
    water column
    stratification
    irradiance
    Opis:
    Diurnal changes in the structure of the ciliate community in surface waters were studied in the aquaculture area of Dapeng’ao cove, China. Two periods of heavy rainfall occurred during the study period, intensifying water column stratification and influencing the water’s properties. A total of 21 ciliate taxa from 15 genera were identified; the dominant species was Mesodinium rubrum. The maximum abundance of M. rubrum reached 3.92×104 indiv. dm−3, contributing 95.1% (mean value) to the total ciliate abundance. Diurnal changes in M. rubrum abundance were highly variable, the driving force probably being irradiance and food availability. The results suggest that M. rubrum may form blooms in aquaculture areas when there is a suitable physical regime with enriched nutrients, which is potentially harmful to the fish-farming industry.
    Źródło:
    Oceanologia; 2012, 54, 1
    0078-3234
    Pojawia się w:
    Oceanologia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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