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    Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6
    Tytuł:
    Nadzieje i stracone złudzenia. Wojny bałkańskie w świetle tekstów z kręgu Dimitriji Čupovskiego i Krste P. Misirkova
    Hopes and lost illusions. Balkan Wars in the light of the texts from the circle Dimitrija Čupovski and Krste P. Misirkov
    Autorzy:
    Moroz-Grzelak, Lilla
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909879.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Balkan Wars
    Dimitrija Čupovski
    Krste Misirkov
    Macedonia
    Wojny Bałkańskie
    Opis:
    This paper addresses the sense of national identity of the Macedonians in the period of the Balkan wars and their aftermath. The first source material were used journalistic texts and calls in the journal „Makedonskij Golos” published by Macedonian expatriates gathered around Dimitrija Čupovski in St. Petersburg in the years 1913-1914. Second was diary Dnevnik) written by Krste Petkov Misirkov in 1913. Expression of these two major characters in the Macedonian history reflect geopolitical policies conducted in the Slavic population in the Balkans. It is an important source material documenting the national consciousness of intelligence derived from the Macedonian lands. This indicates that the main topics which were then undertaken focused on the defense of the whole Macedonian territory, aspirations to create their own state and diversified approach to the idea of the Slavic community.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 297-308
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pierwsza wojna bałkańska według francuskiego dziennika „Le Temps”, a zachodnioeuropejskie stereotypy dotyczące ludów bałkańskich
    The First Balkan War according to French journal Le Temps” and the Western European stereotypes concerning the Balkan peoples
    Autorzy:
    Sajkowski, Wojciech
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909883.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Balkan Wars
    “Le Temps”
    France
    stereotypes
    Wojny Bałkańskie
    Francja
    stereotypy
    Opis:
    “Le Temps” was one of the most important French newspapers of the first half of XXth century. In the first two months of the first Balkan war the progress of this conflict was the most important subject for the editors of “Le Temps”. The information provided by the daily had a binary character. On the one hand the readers might found the descriptions of diplomatic and military operations of the states participating in conflict, and the other political powers interested in the situation in the region. On the other hand the journal systematically published large commentaries made by the political commentators and the Balkan correspondents of the daily. In the articles published in “Le Temps” one can find the images of Balkans which are typical for Western European image of Balkans, which started to emerge in the beginning of XVIIIth century. It is important to underline that this image of Balkans presented in “Le Temps” did not concern only politics and war. The conflict became a pretext for the presentation of wild Balkan nature and the traditional culture of the Balkans. In the articles published in the newspaper it is possible to find also the reflections concerning the backwardness of social structures of Balkan people and their civilizations, as well as the remarks on the process of modernizations of those societies caused by military mobilization. “Le Temps” promoted the Western European stereotypes about Balkans, which up to that time were present mainly in travel journals, not so influential as the daily journals. The representation of Balkans presented by “Le Temps” was the synthesis of the images already known. The example of this journal shows that the image of Balkan people in the time of the Balkan war may be considered as the climax of the process of evolution of the Balkan stereotypes.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 241-248
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rumuńskie roszczenia terytorialne wobec Bułgarii w dobie wojen bałkańskich
    Romanian claims against Bulgaria during the period of the Balkan Wars
    Autorzy:
    Znamierowska-Rakk, Elżbieta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909880.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Balkan Wars
    Romania
    Bulgaria
    Dobrudja
    Bessarabia
    Wojny Bałkańskie
    Rumunia
    Bułgaria
    Dobrudża
    Besarabia
    Opis:
    This article is to demonstrate the genesis and repercussions of the Romanian territorial claims against Bulgaria during the war period of the 1912-1913 in the Balkan Peninsula. What is most stressed is the direct relationship of the said claims with the separation of Bessarabia from the Romanian state, executed by the 1878 Berlin truce and annexation of Northern Dobrudja, a region inhabited mostly by Bulgarians. This last fact inspired the anxiety in Bucharest, that Bulgaria might claim that land by force. This was worsened after 1908, when Bulgaria proclaimed itself a sovereign empire, intent on incorporating major parts of Macedonia and Thrace since the decisive victory over the Ottoman Turkey. Such broadening of the Bulgarian borders was regarded in Bucharest as a threat to the political equilibrium in the Balkans, endangering the Romanian state security and territorial integrity. As a result the government of Romania issued a claim to reestablish the border with Bulgaria, which was in essence a claim over Southern Dobrudja. In spite of rather favorable international circumstances in the early XX century, the Romanians were unable to bring this notion into being until the second half of 1913, the outbreak of an inter-alliance war, a result of frictions between Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece. The lack of success on the side of the Bulgarian armed forces at the western front and the fact that their northern and northeastern provinces were left unprotected incited Romania to invade Bulgaria and annex the Southern Dobrudja. A Turkish invasion followed shortly. As a consequence, and with recognition of the European superpowers of the time, on 10th August 1913 in Bucharest a harsh treaty was imposed on Bulgarians, with the loss of the contested Southern Dobrudja amongst other terms.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 287-295
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pułkownik Redl. Polityczne wątki afery w prasie polskiej
    Colonel Redl. Political motifs of the affair in Polish press releases
    Autorzy:
    Stępnik, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909882.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Alfred Redl
    Balkan Wars
    Austro-Hungary
    antisemitism
    Wojny Bałkańskie
    Austro-Węgry
    antysemityzm
    Opis:
    The most famous spy scandal before the outbreak of the First World War, took place during the time of intensified diplomatic actions taken to stop the Balkan War. At night on May 24th 1913, Colonel Alfred Redl, the chief of staff for the VIII. Corps stationed in Prague – having been exposed by counterintelligence – committed suicide in Klomser Hotel in Vienna. His death was directly connected to the fact that the special commission that consisted of high ranking officers was established in the extraordinary mode. The case of Russian spy was known only to an exclusive group of ‘initiates’. Nevertheless, it was almost immediately leaked to the press and evoked scandal that stirred up public opinion in Austria-Hungary. The motifs of the scandal – described in Polish press releases of that time: in Cracow, Lvov and Warsaw – have been analyzed in the article. They were significant in the context of political struggle, led mainly between two antagonistic forces: the Austrophiles and the Russophiles. Seemingly distant from Polish matters, the spy affair turned out to be an important factor that ‘catalyzed’ political attitudes of the Poles. The aspect of Redl’s nationality became a significant element of the polemics. And the scandal undermined Austro-Hungarian morale, especially the morale of Slavic nations subject to the Empire; the more so as, at exactly the same time, a political corruption affair which Hungarian Prime Minister was involved in, happened in Budapest. The events that happened in Galicia in May and June 1913 – as connected with political and economical turning point that autonomous country reached, which was caused by Austro-Hungarian preparations for Balkan War – have been examined here as the background context. In this article, basing on a wide range of press sources, the author classifies and describes some key political motifs of the Redl affair: especially the change of ideas about the Balkan War – in accordance to common opinions expressed in Polish press – now bringing the fatal threat to Austro-Hungary. (Russia came into possession of mobilization plans). The other topics are: the decline of Austro-Hungarian prestige on the international arena, the criticism of the code applying to officer corps, assigning Redl the Jewish origin by the anti-Semitic press, attacks on the ones that supported Austro-Hungarian orientations, including those who organized a kind of ‘substitute” for Polish military forces under the auspices of the monarchy, and finally – the spy psychosis.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 249-286
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Aspekty ekonomiczne i społeczne wojen bałkańskich 1912-1913
    The economic and social aspects of the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars
    Autorzy:
    Dymarski, Mirosław
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909886.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Balkan Wars
    economy
    costs of war
    refugees
    Wojny Bałkańskie
    gospodarka
    koszty wojenne
    uchodźcy
    Opis:
    At the dawn of the XXth century the Balkan countries were intent on waging war against Turkey. In the preparation period, however, they had severely exceeded their economic and demographic capabilities. The arms production consumed vast amounts of money, leading to an extraordinary debt of the Balkan states. The 1912-1913 wars have proved to be a veritable ordeal for the economies of the involved countries as well as their social endurance. This great sacrifice was supposed to further the national goal of defeating Turkey and finally establishing the inter-state borders, even in the face of an impending economic collapse. The Balkan conflicts turned into a war of attrition, a harbinger of what was to come during the World War I. The pre-war efforts and the cost of the actual warfare brought Bulgaria, Greece,Serbia, Montenegro as well as Turkey to the brink of economical breakdown and major social turbulence. The calling of 1.3 million men to arms resulted in halting the industrial production and an agricultural crisis in the countries of the Balkan Alliance. The civilian transport sector was non-existent (since all the means and assets had been requisitioned by the military) which proved fatal to the commerce. This in turn greatly diminished the states’ tax income, further worsening the financial repercussions of the war. The number of soldiers fallen, wounded or killed by cholera were reaching hundreds of thousands. Due to the harsh war conditions and the lack of suitable attention many of the wounded have become disabled, which banned them from the work market and doomed them to social benefits. Amongst the consequences of the war were also migrations of the civilians, forced by the war itself and the following border changes. The Christian refugees alone numbered hundreds of thousands, while any real means of administering to the basic needs of the displaced masses were actually non-existent. On the Muslim side the losses amounted to 620,000 Turkish soldiers and civilians. A further 440,000 have been displaced and moved to Anatolia. Moreover the pillage, the atrocity, as well as the destruction of private property have engraved the feelings of mutual hatred and longing for a vendetta in the minds of the Balkan people.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 221-230
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bitwa pod Kumanowem na łamach gazety „Politika” – mit umacniający pozycję polityczną króla Aleksandra Karadjordjevicia
    The battle of Kumanovo in the newspaper „Politika”, as a myth strengthening political position of king Aleksander Karadjordjević
    Autorzy:
    Michalak, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909894.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Balkan Wars
    The battle of Kumanovo
    Aleksander Karadjordjević
    “Politika”
    Wojny bałkańskie
    bitwa pod Kumanovem
    „Politika”
    Opis:
    Although the commander-in-chief of the Serbian army during both Balkan wars was the chief of staff, general Radomir Putnik, it was his subordinate, a mere 24 years-old Prince Aleksander. The battle of Kumanovo (23rd–24th October 1912), considered as one of the most important battles of the First Balkan War, brought him a great prestige. It seems, that Aleksander tried to strengthen his image as an honest and honorable soldier fighting in defense of his homeland and for the liberation of all South Slavs. It was an effective way of obtaining sympathy subjects, the way, which began to be used on a larger scale after taking the throne by Aleksander Karadjordjević (16th August 1921). The largest and most popular newspaper in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (since 1929 Yugoslavia), the daily “Politika” supported the official political line of the king. A very interesting aspect of this activity is its way of presenting events associated with the commemoration of the battle of Kumanovo. The cultivation of the so-called “myth of Kumanovo” was important aspect of king’s Aleksander policy, who in the face of ongoing problems and disputes in the internal policy of the country, wanted to be seen as “unifier”, soldier and hero, who was not interested in political games. Much of his subjects perceived him exactly in that way.
    Źródło:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia; 2012, 19, 1; 169-179
    0239-4278
    2450-3177
    Pojawia się w:
    Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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