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    Tytuł:
    Przebieg roczny ciśnienia atmosferycznego na Antarktydzie
    Annual course of the atmospheric pressure on the Antarctic
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260645.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2005
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    ciśnienie atmosferyczne
    Antarktyda
    cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
    Antarctic
    atmospheric pressure
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono zmienność przestrzenną przebiegu rocznego ciśnienia atmosferycznego na Antarktydzie. Stwierdzono dwa typy przebiegów rocznych ciśnienia. Na wybrzeżu występuje przebieg charaktery-zujący się półroczną oscylacją, z maksymalnymi wartościami w sezonie letnim i zimowym oraz najniższymi w przejścio-wych porach roku. We wnętrzu kontynentu najwyższe ciśnienie występuje latem, a najniższe w chłodnej połowie roku. Największe amplitudy roczne ciśnienia występują we wnętrzu kontynentu. W ostatnich dwóch dekadach XX wieku zaznaczyły się istotne zmiany w przebiegu rocznym ciśnienia atmosferycznego.
    At the polar latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere a circulation cell functions which is connected with the strong baric wedge feature of the atmosphere occurring between the Antarctic anticyclone and a very deep circumpolar trough by the Antarctic coastline. The circulation system in the Antarctic region shows seasonal variability called Southern Annular Mode (SAM). In the cold season the tropospheric exchange of air masses strengthens due to the increase of the katabatic winds? speed. The relocation of air masses from over Antarctica to its peripheries has an influence on the annual course of the atmospheric pressure. In the elaboration mean monthly air pressure values were taken into account from 106 Antarctic stations from the beginning of measurements to 2000. On the basis of these data the mean annual course of the atmospheric pressure has been counted as well as the yearly pressure range. Annual courses from two periods: 1958-1980 and 1981-2000 were also compared. Over the Antarctic the annual course of the atmospheric pressure is complex. At the costal part of the continent there are two maxima (in summer and in winter) and two minima in the transient seasons. This course is called semi-annual oscillation (SAO) in the literature. However this phenomenon shows certain regional specifics. On the Antarctic Peninsula and South Orkney Islands the winter maximum is more distinct, while minima are shifted to February and November. In the inland the winter maximum decreases with the distance from the coast and at stations situated in the highest parts of the glacial plateau the highest pressure values occur in summer and distinctly lower ones in winter. At some inland stations a slight increase of the pressure can be observed in the middle of winter what refers to the thermal coreless winters occurring frequently in this region. The annual range of the atmospheric pressure decreases from the coast (15-7 hPa) to the interior of the continent, where it reaches values above 20 hPa. During the last two decades of the 20th century significant changes took place in the annual courses of the pressure in comparison to the years 1958-1980. On the South Orkney Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula the pressure increased in summer and in autumn, while in winter distinctly decreased. At the remaining part of the Antarctic coast pressure decrease occurred in every seasons, and in the Weddell Sea region the autumn and spring minimum significantly deepened. At the majority of the stations the annual amplitudes of the atmospheric pressure decreased after 1980. These changes contributed to the disturbances in the functioning of the Antarctic climate system. On the Antarctic Peninsula the air temperature increased, while at many stations in the Eastern Antarctic considerable cooling occurred.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2005, 15; 7-16
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przebieg roczny temperatury powietrza na Antarktydzie
    Annual course of air temperature on the Antarctic
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260895.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Antarktyda
    temperatury powietrza
    Antarctic
    air temperature
    Opis:
    On the Antarctic the annual course of air temperature shows a considerable spatial differentiation. Over the inland the course of temperature during the year is conditioned by insolation-radiational factors. On the coast the role of circulation factors connected with the advection of air masses from above the ocean or from the interior of the continent. In the paper mean monthly air temperatures from 56 stations making standard meteorological observations and from 38 automatic weather stations (AWS) have been used. On the Antarctic there types of annual air temperature courses can be distinguished: Oceanic - characterised by positive air temperatures in the summer season with the highest temperatures in February and by mild temperatures in the winter months (to -10°C). As a result of the ocean influence spring is considerable colder then autumn. The annual amplitudes are small (to 10-15°C). This type occurs on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and on the subantarctic islands. Continental - with very low air temperatures. The warmest month is December with temperatures below -30°C in the interior of the continent. In winter the lowest mean monthly temperatures reach -70°C. The temperature frequently increases in the middle of winter; this phenomenon is called kernlose winter. The annual amplitude of air temperature is not high and in the interior its value reaches 30-35°C. The continental type includes the whole Antarctic except the narrow coastal belt. Coastal - characterised by air temperature around 0°C in the summer period. The warmest month is January. The lowest temperatures occur in January (-30° do -40°C). The growth of temperature in spring delays the heat uptake for the melting of sea ice. The annual amplitude of the air temperature is quite high and exceeds 20°C. Due to the influence of circulation factors on the Antarctic the annual course of the air temperature shows a large variability from year to year.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2002, 12; 5-19
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany trendu temperatury powietrza na Antarktydzie w latach 1958-2000
    Change of air temperature range on the Antarctic in the years 1958-2000
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260927.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2003
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    temperatury powietrza
    Antarktyda
    air temperature
    Antarctic
    Opis:
    The progressive increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in consequence leads to the rise of the global air temperature. According to the III Report of IPCC (2001) from 1880 the mean temperature on the Earth has grown by 0.6°C ą0.2°C. The reaction of polar regions to the greenhouse effect is unknown. The Antarctic climate shows a considerably greater variability in comparison with the lower latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. This is conditioned by interactions between the atmospheric circulation, the ocean, and the cryosphere. According to the scenarios of global greenhouse effect the temperature at the polar regions should grow by 3°C in summer and 4-5°C in winter. However, these model researches are not confirmed in reality. This shows that our knowledge concerning the functioning of climate system of the polar regions is insufficient. In the paper we have used monthly mean air temperature values for 21 stations being in operation on the Antarctic in the years 1958-2000 and for 34 stations making observations in the years 1981-2000. After checking the homogeneity of the series by the Alexandersson?s (1986) test we have counted the trends of air temperature. The average trend for annual and seasonal values were expressed by temperature change per 10 years. In the years 1958-2000 on the Antarctic the trend of the mean annual values of the air temperature shows great spatial differentiation. These differences are connected with the radiation balance depending on the variability of cloudiness and the albedo of the surface, and on the transformation of pressure fields and changes of the atmospheric circulation. Statistically significant (on 0.95 significance level) air temperature increase occurred on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (for example Faraday 0.67°C/10 years) and at the stations Belgrano and McMurdo. A negative air temperature trend occurred on the South Pole (-0.21°C/10 years) and on the Droning Maud Land. The temperature changes in the region of the Antarctic Peninsula are correlated with the extension and surface of sea ice, especially in winter. There are considerable differences of air temperature trends on the Antarctic between the periods 1958-1980 and 1981-2000. The period 1958-1980 is characterized by an increase of air temperature, especially on the shore of continent (Casey 0.84°C/10 years, Faraday 0.76°C/10 years, Halley 0.69°C/10 years). The interior of the continent is distinguished by stability of weather conditions. Year-to-year temperature changes are smaller, then at the coast (the trend at the Amundsen-Scott station average 0.26°C/10 years). During the last years (1981-2000) significant changes took place in the tendency of air temperature on the Antarctic. In many regions of the Antarctic cooling began, on the cost of East Antarctica the temperature decreases, on the coasts of the Wilkes Land (Casey -0.82°C/10 years) and the Weddell Sea (Halley -1.13?C/10 years, Larsen Ice -0.89°C/10 years), especially in the autumn-winter period. In the interior of the continent also lower and lower temperatures occurred (Amundsen-Scott -0.42°C/10 years, Dome C -0.71°C/10 years). The cooling can be observed in all seasons, but it is the greatest in summer and autumn, when the decrease of solar radiation was observed in connection with the growing cloudiness. Vostok situated at the highest parts of ice dome does not show statistically significant trend. An increase of the temperature was observed in the interior of West Antarctica (Byrd 0.37°C/10 years). The warming rate of the climate became weaker on the Antarctic Peninsula (Faraday 0.56°C/10 years). The largest temperature changes occurred in the autumn-winter season when in the Antarctic Peninsula region the temperature increased, while in the interior and at the coast of East Antarctica considerably fell. Climate changes during the last 20 years of the 20th century showed the weakening of the warming rate on the Antarctic Peninsula and distinct cooling on the East Antarctica. The lack of warming, or even cooling, on the East Antarctica, is favourable to maintain the present climate system in this region. The increasing air temperature on the West Antarctic, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula caused many natural consequences. The ablation of glaciers clearly intensified, deglaciation takes place, glaciers retreat. The environmental changes lead to disturbances in the functioning of the Antarctic ecosystem.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2003, 13; 7-26
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Amplituda dobowa temperatury powietrza na Antarktydzie
    Diurnal air temperature range on the Antarctic
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260832.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2004
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    temperatury powietrza
    Antarktyda
    cyrkulacja atmosferyczna
    air temperature
    Antarctic
    atmospheric circulation
    Opis:
    Diurnal air temperature ranges (DTR) have been counted based on the monthly mean values of the daily maximal and minimal air temperature from 23 Antarctic stations. DTR shows a considerable spatial differentiation on the Antarctic. The lowest DTR values (4-6°C) occur along the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and on the subantarctic islands. At the remaining coast of Antarctica the mean DTR vary from 6-7°C to 10°C at the stations situated on higher geographical latitude. In the Antarctic inlands the largest DTR values occur at the highest parts of glacier plateau (8-9°C), while on the South Pole they are distinctly smaller (6°C). In the annual course of DTR the following types have been distinguished: oceanic type at the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula with small DTR in summer (2-4°C) and twice higher in winter; oceanic-continental type at the coast of Eastern Antarctic with large DTR during the whole year; continental-oceanic type with high DTR in summer and still higher (up to 13°C) in winter occurring at Western Antarctic and in the Weddell Sea basin; continental type characteristic for the interior of the continent with the highest DTR in summer (11-12°C) and smaller in winter; polar type with small DTR in summer (to 3°C) and considerable higher in winter (7-8°C). A decrease of DTR occurred on the Antarctic in regions characterized by increasing temperature in the second half of the 20th century, especially on the western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, on the coast of Ross Sea and on the Queen Maud Land. The decrease in the DTR values was connected with the quicker increase of daily minimal air temperatures. On the other hand, in the regions where cooling was noted the DTR values increase (inlands of Eastern Antarctic and South Pole, and the Weddell Sea basin), mainly due to the fall in daily minimal air temperatures.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2004, 14; 7-18
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Pokrywa śnieżna w rejonie Stacji H. Arctowskiego (Szetlandy Pd., Antarktyka) w latach 1978-1996
    Snow cover in the vicinity of the Arctowski Station (South Shetland Islands, Antarctic) in the period 1978-1996
    Autorzy:
    Kejna, M.
    Láska, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/260999.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1998
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Szetlandy Południowe
    Antarktyka
    Stacja Arctowskiego
    pokrywa śnieżna
    South Shetland Islands
    Antarctic
    Arctowski Station
    snow cover
    Opis:
    Pokrywa śnieżna jest istotnym czynnikiem klimatotwórczym. Długość jej zalegania oraz jej miąższość wpływają również na wegetację roślinną i przebieg procesów peryglacjalnych w gruncie (Krajewski 1986; Kejna i Laska 1999b). W klimacie subantarktycznym pokrywa śnieżna tworzy się w warunkach ogromnej zmienności pogody. We wszystkich porach roku występują dodatnie i ujemne temperatury powietrza oraz stałe i ciekłe opady atmosferyczne. Silne wiatry przenoszą śnieg, znacznie modyfikując pokrywę śnieżną. Na Stacji H. Arctowskiego (Wyspa Króla Jerzego, Szetlandy Południowe) prowadzono systematyczne pomiary miąższości i czasu zalegania pokrywy śnieżnej w latach 1978-1990 oraz w 1992 i 1996 r. Jednak pokrywie śnieżnej poświęcono tylko niezbyt obszerne akapity w artykułach podsumowujących kolejne wyprawy, np. Nowosielski 1980; Kratke i Wielbińska 1981; Kowalski 1986; Kejna i Laska 1997. Zagadnienie to nie było poruszane nawet w opracowaniach o charakterze monografii klimatu tego obszaru, np. Marsz i Rakusa-Suszczewski 1986; Marsz i Styszyńska 2000. Badania nad zróżnicowaniem przestrzennym miąższości pokrywy śnieżnej w okolicach Stacji H. Arctowskiego oraz na Lodowcu Ekologii prowadzono jedynie w 1991 r. (Gonera i Rachlewicz 1997) oraz w 1996 r. (Caputa i in. 1997).
    The snow cover was investigated at the Arctowski Station (King George Island, Antarctic) in the period 1978-1996. During the 20th Polish Antarctic Expedition in 1996 the snow cover was measured in 32 places on the Sile of Special Scientific Interest No. 8 in the vicinity of the Arctowski Station (King George Island, Antarctic). On the King George Island the snow cover can occur around the year. In the summer months the snow cover is unstable. On the average 230 days with snow cover occurred at the Arctowski Station. The permanent snow cover began at 7th May and ended at 23th November. The mean snow cover thickness in the years 1978-1996 was between 40 to 50 cm, but the maximum reached 131 cm in 1980. The accumulation of snow was disturbed by frequent midwinter thawing and snow drift. In 1996 at the Arctowski Station permanent snow cover was formed on 6 June and stayed till 31 October. It reached its maximal thickness, 73 cm in September. The snow cover on the SSSI No 8 area showed great spatial differentiation. This is the effect not only the different sums of precipitation, but also the redistribution of the snow by wind. On the nonglaciated area the biggest thickness of snow cover was measured in depressions, in the filled up valleys of streams and on the snow patches. Heights and mountain peaks are without snow because of the wind. On the Ecology Glacier in 1996 the thickness of snow cover increased with the altitude. The biggest thickness of snow cover (177 cm) was measured at 165 m above sea level. In summer the snow cover melts, on the glaciers the snow border runs from 150 to 300 m above sea level in dependence on the weather conditions. On the nonglaciated areas the snow stays until the middle of summer in the form of snow patches.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 1998, 8; 79-93
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania polarne Katedry Meteorologii I Klimatologii UMK w Toruniu
    Polar research by the Department of Meteorology and Climatology NCU in Toruń
    Autorzy:
    Przybylak, R.
    Marciniak, K.
    Araźny, A.
    Kejna, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/261051.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Stowarzyszenie Klimatologów Polskich
    Tematy:
    Arktyka
    Antarktyka
    badania polarne
    meteorologia i klimatologia
    topoklimatologia
    Katedra Meteorologii i Klimatologii UMK
    Arctic
    Antarctic
    polar research
    meteorology and climatology
    topoclimatology
    Department of Meteorology and Climatology NCU
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono historię badań polarnych prowadzonych w latach 1968-2015 przez pracowników Katedry Meteorologii i Klimatologii Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu. Omówiono i scharakteryzowano problematykę badawczą dominującą w opublikowanych w Polsce i za granicą artykułach i monografiach. Wskazano na główne obszary badawcze położone w Arktyce i Antarktyce dla których powstało najwięcej opracowań z zakresu meteorologii i klimatologii. Szczegółowo przedstawiono historię badań terenowych oraz ich rezultaty.
    The article presents the history of polar research conducted from 1968 to 2015 by researchers at the Department of Meteorology and Climatology at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. It discusses and characterises the predominant research issues appearing in articles and monographs published in Poland and abroad. The article also indicates the main study areas located in the Arctic and Antarctic which have been the subject of the largest number of papers in the field of meteorology and climatology. In addition, there is a detailed outline of the history of field research and its results. The researchers at the Department of Meteorology and Climatology at NCU participated in a total of 34 polar expeditions during this period, including to Iceland (1), Spitsbergen (27) and Antarctica (6) (Tab. 1, Fig. 1). They have published 371 scholarly papers in the field of meteorology, climatology, hydrology and cryology (Tab. 2, Figs. 2-4), including three post-doctoral theses (habilitations) and five doctoral theses (Tab. 4) as well as being the supervisors of 49 Master’s (magister) theses. In the last 20 years they have taken part in 16 research projects, including two international ones (Tab. 3).
    Źródło:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej; 2015, 25; 19-32
    1234-0715
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-6 z 6

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