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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Disproportions in proportional distributions
    Autorzy:
    Misztal, Andrzej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/585026.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    electoral threshold
    degressive proportionality
    over-representation
    proportionality
    Opis:
    In the case of degressive proportionality, a large over-representation of small countries is a deliberate concession of larger countries to ensure that less populated states are adequately represented (the principle of European solidarity). It is worth emphasizing how important is the role played by election thresholds, which prevent excessive fragmentation of the parliament. Thus, they act as a stabilizing factor in the political scene, which in Polish conditions cannot be overestimated. A weakness of the thresholds is the fact that they distort the proportionality of the results and cause over-representation of certain parties. In extreme cases they can lead to the dictatorship of one party even if it is provided with low popularl support.
    Źródło:
    Mathematical Economics; 2013, 9 (16); 89-104
    1733-9707
    Pojawia się w:
    Mathematical Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The allocation of seats in the European Parliament and the principle of degressive proportionality
    Autorzy:
    Peternek, Piotr
    Kośny, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584967.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    European Parliament
    degressive proportionality
    optimization
    Opis:
    One of the key issues in the process of preparing for an election to the European Parliament is to determine the number of seats for each country. The Treaty of Lisbon, signed by Member States of the European Union, has obliged the European Parliament to establish rules guaranteeing that the distribution of seats should be done according to, inter alia, the principle of degressive proportionality. The purpose of this paper is to explore how the principle of degressive proportionality is actually implemented, and to propose a compromise – a mathematical solution, guaranteeing that the distribution of seats is consistent with the requirements of the Lisbon Treaty.
    Źródło:
    Mathematical Economics; 2015, 11(18); 99-113
    1733-9707
    Pojawia się w:
    Mathematical Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Degressive proportionality – notes on the ambiguity of the concept
    Autorzy:
    Dniestrzański, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/584986.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    degressive proportionality
    apportionment problem
    European Parliament
    Opis:
    This article discusses the problem of the definition of degressive proportionality. This term is used in many areas of economics but its meaning is not standardized. It is understood differently when related to tax issues compared to distribution of seats in the European Parliament. The differences are small but significant. The article provides and analyzes the different meanings of the concept of degressive proportionality and proposes to introduce two new concepts – concave degressive proportionality and convex degressive proportionality.
    Źródło:
    Mathematical Economics; 2013, 9 (16); 21-28
    1733-9707
    Pojawia się w:
    Mathematical Economics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sprawiedliwość podziału degresywnie proporcjonalnego
    Autorzy:
    Łyko, Janusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/434716.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    degressive proportionality
    fair division
    European Parliament
    elections
    Opis:
    The principle of degressively proportional distribution of seats in the European Parliament has been legally sanctioned under the terms of the Lisbon Treaty. Thus there appeared a solution which defied the perception of justice of distribution according to culturally shaped proportional allocation rules. Previous methods of determining the composition of collegiate bodies generally used the rule of proportional to the population of each constituency, composition of the legal body representing the society. On this basis, there are many socially accepted methods which have been tried and tested. In the field of electoral law regulations the rule of degressive proportionality is a new solution, and as such it still lacks tradition and already shaped approval that may justify its use. This article aims to find justification for this solution as opposed to the socially accep- table methods of distribution of goods and debts. In order to arrive at this argument the article reaches back to Aristotle’s philosophical concept, as well as solutions taken from the Talmud. It turns out that the degressive proportionality falls within the accepted concepts of equitable distribution. It offers an intermediate solution between equal and proportional allocation. There are also legitimate reasons for the use of degressively proportional rule in the process of allocating seats in the European Parliament. The problem is only the lack of unambiguity of the rule and the lack of precise reasoning to determine the boundary conditions at the level set in the Lisbon Treaty. This creates a very high degree of freedom of interpretation, leaving room for political negotiations on the acceptance of specific proposals. This situation has led to the point that, since the legal acceptance of the principle of degressive proportionality, the rule has not been applied in practice. Proposals for the composition of the European Parliament presented at the beginning of 2013 for the term 2014-2019 indicate that over the next five years exceptions to this rule will be approved. The second part of the paper presents proposals on solving the problem that can be found in the literature, as well as two other directions for seeking fair allocation. They cannot be deprived of discretion, as, of course, it is not possible to obtain conclusive decisions without the introduction of additional postulates. These postulates aim at clarifying the determination of the boundary conditions in such a way as to reduce the number of possible solutions or introduce an additional rule that will allow for an unambiguous (for a given population) specification of composition of the European Parliament. This is possible thanks to, inter alia, the ability to generate all feasible solutions. In this situation the solution of the problem is to select one out of a finite number of known divisions according to an established criterion. This frees the process of selecting the composition of the European Parliament from political considerations, and moves the weight of the debate to the ground of determining the said additional criterion. The current problem concerning the distribution of seats in the European Parliament is of course more general. The conditions that caused sanctioning of such a solution are of economic and social origin. It is expected that in the future the number of problems associated with allocation of goods, that are solved in this way, will be greater than they are currently. Undoubtedly, inequalities in various aspects of social existence favor the issue.
    Źródło:
    Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu; 2013, 2 (23); 180-189
    2080-5977
    Pojawia się w:
    Ekonomia - Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wroclawiu
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Axiomatization of divisor methods and weakly degressive proportionality
    Autorzy:
    Dniestrzański, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/421295.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
    Tematy:
    degressive proportionality
    fair division
    axiomatization of divisor methods
    Opis:
    The paper analyzes the differences between weakly degressive proportionality and proportional allocations represented by divisor methods. The analysis is accomplished by the axiomatization of divisor methods in line with Balinski and Young.
    Źródło:
    Didactics of Mathematics; 2017, 14(18); 19-26
    1733-7941
    Pojawia się w:
    Didactics of Mathematics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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