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Tytuł:
Reconciling Incrementalism with Policy Change. The Punctuated Equilibrium Theory in Political Science
Łącząc inkrementalizm ze zmianą polityczną. Teoria przerywanej równowagi w naukach o polityce
Autorzy:
Czapiewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953206.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
theory of politics
policy process
public policy
policy change
punctuated equilibrium theory
Opis:
The aim of this article is to explain current definition and application of punctuated equilibrium theory, which is as influential as any conceptual framework concerning policy process in political science, stimulating thought and research over the last two decades. Baumgartner and Jones borrowed the concept from studies of the evolution of species, but – as author shows – without operationalized definition, and turned it into a metaphor that can have mostly pedagogical use. Author explains how punctuated equilibrium is useful for analyzing policy change in political systems other than the United States, but in the European political systems, political parties and their preferences must be taken into account. It is also presented how punctuated equilibrium is in fact a much-improved version of the incrementalism theory, rather than an application of biological insights to politics. Author differentiate successful application of the punctuated equilibrium in the description of the policy process from the explanation of Baumgartner and Jones about how those identified patterns in modern democracies were caused.
Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie aktualnej definicji i pozycji teorii przerywanej równowagi, która jest jednym z najbardziej wpływowych podejść badawczych dotyczących procesu politycznego w naukach o polityce, stymulując koncepcje i badania przez ostatnie dwie dekady. Baumgartner i Jones inkorporowali pojęcie z badań nad ewolucją gatunków, ale – jak wskazuje autor artykułu – pozbawiając go pierwotnej operacjonalizacji, zamieniając w metaforę o bardziej pedagogicznym walorze. Autor wyjaśnia, jak teoria przerywanej równowagi jest przydatna w analizie zmiany politycznej w systemach politycznych innych niż Stany Zjednoczone, ale w europejskich systemach politycznych konieczne jest uwzględnienie roli partii politycznych i ich preferencji. Zaprezentowano także, jak teoria jest faktycznie raczej znacznie poprawioną wersją teorii inkrementalizmu niż wykorzystaniem dorobku biologii w polityce. Autor odróżnia także pełną sukcesów aplikację teorii, która opisuje rzeczywistość procesu politycznego, od wyjaśnień i związków przyczynowych, które zdaniem Baumgartnera i Jonesa taki przebieg procesu zdeterminowały.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 48; 37-50
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Advocacy Coalition Framework after a Quarter of a Century. Explaining the Policy Process
Podejście badawcze koalicji rzeczniczych po ćwierć wieku. Wyjaśnienie procesu polityki publicznej.
Autorzy:
Czapiewski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154744.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
advocacy coalition framework
policy process
public policy
policy
change
political theory.
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to answer some key questions about one of the most important frameworks in the research of the policy process – Advocacy Coalitions Framework created by Paul Sabatier. Within the article beliefs were defined as an essential element within the political system, which is responsible for the functioning of the advocacy coalitions operating in individual political subsystems. Secondly, as it had been shown in previous research, there are restrictions on significant policy changes, which usually do not occur over the political cycle of 10 – 15 years. Over the last 25 years, the ACF – framework that in the words of the author is close to the status of theory – passed a few serious revisions in response to concerns from other researchers
Celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na kilka kluczowych wątpliwości dotyczących jednego z ważniejszych podejść badawczych w obrębie badań nad procesem politycznym – tzw. koalicji rzeczniczych Paula Sabatiera. W ramach artykułu zdefiniowano systemy przekonań jako podstawowy element w obrębie systemu politycznego, który jest jednocześnie spoiwem funkcjonowania koalicji rzeczniczych działających w poszczególnych podsystemach politycznych. Po drugie, wykazano, że istnieją ograniczenia dotyczące możliwości wystąpienia radykalnej politycznej zmiany – wykluczonej de facto w czasie trwania cyklu politycznego. Samo podejście badawcze ACF, które w deklaracjach autora zbliża się do statusu teorii, przeszło w ciągu ostatnich 25 lat kilka poważnych rewizji w odpowiedzi na prowadzone badania i pojawiające się nieścisłości.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2013, 40; 47-61
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Desired Public Policy Model for Poland during the Transformation Period
Autorzy:
Skawińska, Mirosława
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026721.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
public policy
policy model
transformation period
Polska
Opis:
While entering the transformation period, Poland started changes in economics, which was run by the state and was characterized by the lack of market equilibrium and low degree of satisfying the nation’s needs. The change of the state’s role in the economic system became the major challenge for Poland, which started transformations of the system in 1989. The ending of this major phase of transformation can be gauged not only by the degree of state’s withdrawal from the role of the owner and a manager, and replacing this role by a stable set of systemic rules, but also by introducing new market organizing institutions and the degree of financial independence of economic entities from the domination of politics.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2006, 35; 120-130
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations between the Europeanization and a Development of Public Policy on the Example of Cohesion Policy
Autorzy:
Hoffmann, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594799.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Europeanization
public policy
cohesion policy
European integration
Opis:
The article presents basic relations which happen among Europeanization and the public politics on the example of the politics of the cohesion. The author makes the broad exploration objective concepts and also postulates determined conclusions and recommendations.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2015, 44; 112-124
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ekologiczne aspekty polityki zdrowotnej państw jako element kształtowania społeczeństwa świadomego
Autorzy:
Pasek, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2004278.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
environmental policy
health policy
attitudes
eco-health
Opis:
In many health space analysis of the relationship between the State of health and the environmental factors that may be in many ways. As a rule, this issue, as in the scientific literature and in the form of various legal acts, is presented in the light of environmental threats to health. Beyond the research nature shot as a factor stimulating health, typically no direct references to health in documents that contain various aspects of nature protection law. In the article it was decided to discuss the health of the legal and administrative context of environmental policy tools and the scale of their impact on the level of awareness of the ecological and health societies. Confirm you can fact complementary perception of the relationship between ecology and health, when in fact a range of environmental health legislation without threads binding health with nature.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2017, 22; 195-204
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Social Policy Programme “The Family 500+” – Assumptions, Results, and Costs of Functioning: Is It Worth?
Autorzy:
Owczarczyk, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020208.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
500+ Programme
poverty
social policy
pro-natal policy
Opis:
The unfavorable demographic situation and the falling number of births resulted in an increased interest among Polish politicians in introducing tools to social policy that would reverse this negative trend. Implemented to social policy by Prawo i Sprawiedliwość Party in 2016, the “Family 500+” benefit has become such a tool. According to the government’s intention, this financial aid for families with children aims to reverse the decline in the number of births observed for many years and reduce the scale of poverty among families with the most complex financial situation. After several years of the “Family 500+” Program in force, it is difficult to clearly define whether the goals were achieved and whether the expenses for financing the program were adequate to the results. The aim of the article is an attempt at the assessment of the functioning of the Family 500+ Programme. Both the statutory assumptions of the programme, the costs of its functioning, and its results so far were analyzed. The central part of the analysis covered the period 2016–2019.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 2 (50); 11-26
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Retrospections and Perspectives of Russian Diplomacy Actions in 2006
Autorzy:
Huashou, Miao
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028536.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
2006
Russian diplomacy
foreign policy
Russian foreign policy
Opis:
According to he author of this article, Prof. Miao Huashou – from the Euro-Asian Social Development Research Institute and from the Development Research Center of the PRCh State Council, Russian diplomacy may boast of many great successes in 2006. Russia once again creates its image of a great empire by demonstrating its geopolitical and economic influences. The country underlines this way its position of an empire equal to the USA. It will continue to strengthen its influences in the Commonwealth of Independent States and undertake all the efforts aiming to development of strategic partnership with the EU on equal rules. It will also develop its contacts with the USA, as well as it will continue political dialogue and economic cooperation with other, great world powers.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 12-25
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of the Armed Forces in Security Policy. Control over the Army
Autorzy:
Piątek, Jarosław J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031533.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Armed forces
security policy
state policy
military control
Opis:
Civilian management and democratic control over the army do not only consist in establishing organs and mechanisms of control and optimising their activity. It is significant to determine and respect the role of the armed forces in the society, which would allow making the army a politically neutral instrument of legally functioning forces as well as appropriate organisational structures with strictly defined protection measures allocated to carry out the undertakings of the state and the nation. The position and function of the army in society should be based on the fact that it reflects the features of the society it comes from. In order to facilitate the effective progression of the process, the following aspects should be taken into account: in what manner the army reacts to the decisions and actions of civilian society; whether there are intermediary bodies between these spheres; to what extent the armed forces represent the interests of the society; and whether a soldier-citizen exists or if the two notions should be treated separately
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2016, 7; 109-122
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Functions of Fiscal Policy Concerning Agriculture in Poland After Accession to the European Union (2004–2022)
Autorzy:
Kata, Ryszard
Czyżewski, Andrzej
Matuszczak, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42943649.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
fiscal policy functions
agricultural budget expenditures
Common Agricultural Policy
Opis:
This study conducted a comprehensive and thorough evaluation of budget expenditures on agriculture in Poland from 2004 to 2022 through the prism of fiscal policy functions (i.e., allocative, redistributive, and stabilizing functions). The volume, fundamental dynamics and structure of the budget expenditures on agriculture were meticulously analyzed, as were the impacts of those expenditures on the implementation of key objectives of agricultural policy—that is, objectives related to the level and stability of farm income and the dynamics of investment in agriculture. It was determined that redistributive expenditures dominated the structure of budget expenditures on agriculture during the post-accession period. By contrast, the shares of allocative and stabilization expenditures fluctuated widely. Moreover, agricultural budget expenditures had a positive effect on reducing the income disparity of farmers relative to other socioeconomic groups. However, the redistributive effect of budget expenditures was only strong during the initial few years after Poland acceded to the European Union. The findings of this study revealed that agricultural budget expenditures have a positive effect on the stabilization of agricultural income and the investment activity of farmers, thereby supporting development processes in agriculture.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2024, 2(53); 167-188
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Parisian Cultures Views on Eastern Europe as a Factor in Contemporary Polish Foreign Policy
Autorzy:
Hofman, Iwona
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Parisian Culture
Eastern Europe
Polish Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy
Opis:
When analyzing events which unfolded in the Ukraine during the final months of 2004 and the involvement of Polish politicians and public opinion in the struggle for the preservation of the democratic character of presidential elections, a question arises regarding the connection of their actions with the political projects of Jerzy Giedroyć, the founder and sole editor of an influential magazine and a centre of political thought, which was Culture, published in Maisons-Laffitte, near Paris, in the years 1947–2000. Historians and political scientists rightly emphasize the fact that the „Eastern doctrine”, also known as the ULB doctrine (from the abbreviation of „Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus”), has been a constant element of Polish foreign policy since 1989. Generally speaking, Giedroyć was convinced that nationalist impulses would eventually destroy the Russian empire from within, and a sovereign Poland would gain three new neighbours in the East: Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus. This process was expected to take place in the near future, as foreseen by Culture contributors who called on the émigrés from Eastern Europe to work together in laying solid foundations for the future partnership.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2005, 34; 77-86
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Criminal Law and its Victim-Oriented Development: an Academic Inquiry
Autorzy:
Tuliakov, Viacheslav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28843238.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
criminal law
criminal policy
victim-oriented policy
victimology
human rights
Opis:
In the 21st century, one of the essential roles of the Criminal Code is to protect the rights and interests of crime victims. Criminal law is a complex field that must balance established principles with evolving societal dynamics. This involves various stakeholders, including the state, perpetrators, victims, and civil society, each with differing views on criminal law. The modern era, marked by post-truth narratives and a reputational society, has further complicated matters. Casuistry now prevails over systematic approaches, leading to a disconnect between criminal law’s foundational principles and intended societal outcomes. Contemporary criminal law operates on multiple dimensions, addressing individual, societal, and institutional levels while aiming to balance the interests of these entities. The transition from the “age of information” to the “age of reputation” underscores the importance of information subjected to external evaluation. In the context of harmonizing Ukrainian criminal legislation with EU and Council of Europe norms, it is vital to protect human rights. This aligns with a Committee of Ministers recommendation that recognizes crime as a wrong against society and a violation of individual rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding victim rights. Approaching criminal law from a victimological perspective offers unique insights into victim participation in criminal liability, crime qualification, and offender culpability. This perspective encourages assessing the efficacy of criminal law prohibitions and promoting victim engagement in crime control.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2023, 2, 3; 70-74
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Germany’s Arctic Policy – Between Economy and Ecology
Niemiecka polityka arktyczna – pomiędzy ekonomią a ekologią
Autorzy:
Grzela, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953200.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Arctic
Germany
Arctic policy
Opis:
In the last years, as a result of climate changes, plenty of transformations have taken place in the High North. Consequently, ice cap of the Arctic is melting at a very fast pace, and that means significant rise of sea levels as well as decreasing animals’ habitats. On the other hand, disappearing Arctic ice is opening new areas of exploitation for humans. The Arctic might also soon become the world’s most important reservoir of clean water and food. The warming is leading to changes in ecosystems, arousing a number of enquiries about territorial division of the region, its preservation and utilisation. The changes taking place in the Arctic pose a challenge on many levels: economic, social, security, and environmental protection. First of all, economic (access to probably the biggest deposits of oil, gas and precious metals in the world) and ecological (environmental protection) interests are clashing there. The North Pole, although with varying intensity, is becoming present in foreign policies of many countries. On the Old Continent, it has been noticed by the whole European Union as well as particular countries. One of them is Germany. Germany is interested in the region from the economic and ecological perspective.
W ostatnich latach w wyniku zmian klimatycznych nastąpiło wiele zmian na dalekiej Północy. Pokrywa lodowa Arktyki topnieje w szybkim tempie, a to oznacza znaczny wzrost poziomu morza, a także zmniejszanie się przestrzeni życiowych zwierząt. Z drugiej strony znikający lód Arktyki otwiera nowe obszary eksploatacji dla ludzi. Arktyka może także stać się wkrótce największym na świecie zbiornikiem czystej wody i żywności. Ocieplenie prowadzi do zmian w ekosystemach, wzbudzając wiele pytań dotyczących podziału terytorialnego regionu, jego ochrony i wykorzystania. Zmiany zachodzące w Arktyce stanowią wyzwanie na wielu płaszczyznach: gospodarczej, społecznej, bezpieczeństwa i ochrony środowiska. Przede wszystkim liczą się interesy gospodarcze (dostęp do prawdopodobnie największych na świecie złóż ropy naftowej, gazu i metali szlachetnych) oraz ekologiczne (ochrona środowiska). Biegun Północny, choć z różną intensywnością, staje się obecny w polityce zagranicznej wielu państw. Na Starym Kontynencie dostrzega to zarówno Unia Europejska, jak i poszczególne kraje członkowskie. Jednym z nich są Niemcy. Kraj ten jest zainteresowany daleką Północą z ekonomicznej i ekologicznej perspektywy.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 48; 119-132
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Independence of Central Bank as a Basis for Institutional Politics of Monetary Policy
Autorzy:
Kraś, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
central bank
monetary policy
Opis:
The course of economic processes of economy is regulated by its products and production factors in which supply and demand are equalized. The most important role is given to money as a measurement of value (ensuring valuation), means of payment (allowing the settling the payments) as well as a means of hoarding (allowing savings). Primarily the market economy is a monetary economy. Money is used for buying and selling, for granting loans, accumulating savings. Every functional entity of the market such as enterprises, households are taking part in these processes. An important role of these processes is taken by the purchasing power of money, which has an eff ect on those participating in economy and social life. If the value of the money is constant it brings safety in life not only from the economic but also the social point of view. We can not agree more than to say that stable currency is of great social value. The central bank takes a major role to a guard keeping the currency at a stable level. Proper functioning of the central bank is strictly connected with its independence. It allows the monetary policy to be conducted properly in a country.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2012, 41; 444-460
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Islam in Indonesian Foreign Policy: A Case of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Introduction
Autorzy:
Songbatumis, Aisyah Mumary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020187.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
democracy
national interest
Indonesian foreign policy
political Islam
Islam in foreign policy
Opis:
As Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono won the 2004 presidential election, it marked the end of Indonesia’s democratic transition era and experienced a dynamic change in foreign policy. The new international identity that viewed Islam as an asset was introduced by SBY, emphasizing the importance of moderate Islam as opposing extremism. The phenomenon of Islamic influence was not only the result of democratic consolidation domestically but also external factors such as the aftermath of 9/11 that portrayed Muslims as potential terrorists. For this reason, Indonesian foreign policy attempted to diminish such misconceptions and tried to be a peacemaker or a mediator in Muslim-related issues globally. To contextualize the analysis, the study focuses on the influence of Islam in Indonesian foreign policy towards the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and Pakistan. The mutual aspirations on the Palestinian statehood shared by both the government and the Muslim elements in society could be found, while religious sentiments were noticeable, as shown by the Muslim groups. In contrast, the influence of Islam in Indonesia-Pakistan relations, especially regarding the Kashmir dispute, was absent due to the difference in views of the government and the Muslim groups and constraining factors, including Indonesia’s national interest priority.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 2 (50); 89-111
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migracje Polaków do Szwecji po przystąpieniu Polski do Unii Europejskiej w 2004 roku
Autorzy:
Friedrich, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3200634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international migration
migration policy
integration policy
Sweden multiculturalism
Polish migrants in Sweden
Opis:
Human migration should be considered as one of the fundamental values of cultural and civilization life, which is creating a new social reality. In the European Union there are different attitudes towards migration: on one hand – professing the principle of free human movement and on the other hand – making restrictions on immigrants. Sweden stands out from other European countries because of friendliness for immigrants. In this country, the migration and integration policy is based on the principles of equality, solidarity, cooperation and consensus. Number of Poles in Sweden is the third largest number of foreigners and it is still increasing, especially after accession of Poland to the European Union. Gainful employment is the main objective of Polish citizens migrating to Sweden. The country is also being selected by young people as a place, where everyone could gain an education, especially higher education. Keywords: international migration, migration policy, integration policy, Sweden multiculturalism, Polish migrants in Sweden.
Migracje ludności uznać należy za jedną z fundamentalnych wartości życia kulturowo-cywilizacyjnego, kształtującą nową rzeczywistość społeczną świata. W przestrzeni powiązanej strukturą Unii Europejskiej zauważyć można dwa odmienne zjawiska związane z migracją: dążenie do wcielenia w życie zasady swobodnego przepływu osób oraz zjawisko stosowania przez wiele państw ograniczeń dotyczących imigrantów. Szwecja wyróżnia się na tle innych państw europejskich przychylnością dla ludności napływowej. Królestwo Szwecji postrzega się jako kraj otwarty na imigrację, gdzie polityka migracyjna i integracyjna oparta została na zasadach równości, solidarności, współpracy i konsensusu. Liczba Polaków w tym kraju jest już trzecią największą liczbą cudzoziemców, ulegając zwiększeniu zwłaszcza po wstąpieniu Polski do UE. Praca zarobkowa jest głównym celem migracji obywateli polskich do Szwecji, jednakże kraj ten jest również coraz częściej wybierany przez młodych ludzi jako miejsce do zdobycia wykształcenia, zwłaszcza wyższego.
Źródło:
Cywilizacja i Polityka; 2016, 14, 14; 163-173
1732-5641
Pojawia się w:
Cywilizacja i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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