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Tytuł:
Why do Political Parties Fail?
Przyczyny upadku partii politycznej.
Autorzy:
Wincławska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154741.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
party institutionalisation
party collapse
political transformation
Opis:
An analytical Framework to identify the general causes of party decline and collapse in Eastern and Central Europe is developed in this article. The causes of a parties failure are divided into those connected with its institutionalization (internal and external) and those independent of the party.
Autorka podejmuje próbę przedstawienia analitycznych ram dla badania generalnych przyczyn upadku partii politycznych w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Przyczyny upadku partii podzielone są na te związane bezpośrednio ze zjawiskiem instytucjonalizacji partii, które są w dużym stopniu zależne od ugrupowania, na przyczyny zewnętrzne niezależne od partii.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2013, 40; 9-18
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Keeping Parties Together? The Evolution of Israel’s Anti-Defection Law
Autorzy:
Nikolenyi, Csaba
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594430.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Knesset
anti-defection law
party switching
party unity
Opis:
In 1991, the Knesset passed a package of legislation with the aim of preventing the rampant party switching and defections by elected representatives. At the time of its adoption, the so-called anti-defection law was supported by an all-party consensus. Although the legislation has remained in effect, its apparent continuity conceals the way in which it has become transformed from what was at first an “efficient” institution to a “redistributive” one (Tsebelis 1990). In this paper, I review the development of the Israeli anti-defection law and argue that whereas at the initial moment of its adoption the anti-defection law was considered to benefit all parties in the system, over time it has become an instrument in the hands of the governing coalition to manipulate divisions and engineer further defections among the opposition in order to shore up its often fragile legislative base.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 2 (47); 188-200
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Partie politycznych przedsiębiorców” – nowy model partii?
“Parties of political entrepreneurs”: new party model?
Autorzy:
Sobolewska-Myślik, Katarzyna
Kosowska-Gąstoł, Beata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1943171.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
partia-przedsiębiorca
typy partii
nowy model partii
rola lidera
partia-firma
entrepreneurial party
party types
new model of the political party
party leader
business-firm party
Opis:
Przekształcenia struktur społecznych oraz zmiany w zakresie komunikacji politycznej spowodowały, że od lat 90. XX wieku zaczęły się upowszechniać w Europie partie nowego typu, które nie dają się opisać za pomocą stosowanych do tej pory tradycyjnych modeli. W literaturze pojawiło się wiele koncepcji obrazujących zachodzące zmiany. Do najbardziej znanych należą „partie-firmy” oraz „partie przedsiębiorców”. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na wyciągnięcie wniosku, że z przedstawionych przez różnych autorów propozycji wyłania się nowy model partii, który postulujemy określić mianem „partii politycznych przedsiębiorców”. Cechą tego typu ugrupowań jest centralna rola lidera w tworzeniu i funkcjonowaniu partii oraz odwoływanie się w ich sposobie działania do mechanizmów znanych z rynku ekonomicznego.
Recent changes of social structure and political communication resulted in the emergence of the new type of political parties, which have started to appear since the 1990s. Such parties are difficult to describe using the existing models, so new propositions were developed, the best known are “business-firm parties” or “entrepreneurial parties”. Those two models, and also several other, are analyzed in this paper in order to answer the question whether those propositions are capturing the most important characteristics of the new parties. As the result we confirm that the new model of political parties is really emerging. We propose to name it “parties of political entrepreneurs” because the most important traits of those parties are the central role of the leader in creation and functioning of the party and modes of activity borrowed from the market economy, which are supposed to increase the effectiveness of the party.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2017, 55; 108-129
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE RIVALRY STRATEGIES OF POLITICAL PARTIESIN ELECTIONS TO THE ASSEMBLY OF CITIZENS OF THE FREE AND HANSEATIC CITY OF HAMBURG
Autorzy:
Wroniszewska, Bożena
Ganowicz, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594671.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
political party
rivalry strategies
Hamburg
local politics
party politics
Opis:
The author undertakes to discuss the problem of rivalry strategies of political parties in elections to the Citizens’ Assembly of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg. The broadness and multidimensional character of the subject area requires moving beyond the limits of political science and entering other related domains, like broadly-conceived historical sciences, also reaching for a number of establishments within legal-historical domains. Firmly grounded historical, legal, polity-related and political aspects of the unification of Germany in the context of German federalism, encouraged and obligated the author, to attempt to bring the above problem up to date. I think that thanks to a broader analysis of elections to the Hamburg Citizens’ Assembly over the last 50 years, the real state of the problem area can acquire a fuller context, with an emphasis on the foundations of local government functioning. To prepare this paper I made use of Polish and German sources published by Polish, American and German researchers. Polish and German literature offered a valuable source to become acquainted with the history and the foreseeable future of Hamburg’s local government, in particular – the assumptions behind territorial and functional reforms, the evolution of which we have been able to follow in the Federal Republic of Germany since the 1970s.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 109-138
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza porównawcza frakcji w Partii Liberalno-Demokratycznej oraz grup w Partii Demokratycznej po alternacji władzy w Japonii w 2009 roku
Comparative analysis of factions in the Liberal Democratic Party and groups inside the Democratic Party of Japan after alternation of power in 2009
Autorzy:
Żakowski, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953256.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
factional divisions
Japan
Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ)
Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)
Opis:
The article examines the changes in factional system of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) after electoral victory in 2009. During opposition period, DPJ factions were believed to be much less significant groups than their counterparts in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Nevertheless, after the DPJ assumed power, its intra-party groups, to a certain degree, started functioning as LDP factions. Over the years, their ideological leanings weakened and instead of realizing distinctive political vision, they started focusing on pragmatic struggle for power in the party. In 2009 – 2012 period, the competition between intra-party mainstreams and anti-mainstreams increased, challenging the unity of the DPJ. The significance of factional divisions was also clearly visible in the distribution of governmental portfolios by succeeding prime ministers. Although DPJ factions were still not as powerful as LDP factions, they played a much greater role than before in maintaining intra-party balance and structuring intra-party competition.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 45; 32-45
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Флоркросинг: особливості партійних перестрибувань в Україні
Floor-crossing: peculiar features of party switching in Ukraine
Флоркросинг – особенности партийных перемен (тушкування) в Украине
Autorzy:
Розік, Марія
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176056.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Ukraine
floor-crossing
party switching
parliamentary faction
coalition
party affiliation
party-switchers
Украина
межпартийность
партийная смена
парламентская фракция
коалиция
партийная принадлежность
«тушки»
Opis:
The paper considers the meaning of the term “floor-crossing”, its basic kinds, legislative regulation and features of party switching in Ukraine since its independence. It has been found out that crossing the floor, change of political orientations and, as a consequence, adjustment of pre-election promises, the reality the Ukrainian politician face. Floor crossing in the Ukrainian Parliament has become a phenomenon that altered coalitions, generated opportunism and political corruption. It has been established that in modern practice there are two possible ways of influencing the process of inter-party switching: a legislative ban or a purely formal condemnation of the deputy’s/party’s actions on the part of the electorate and party members. To reduce the number of switching between factions, Ukraine has a so-called imperative mandate (a special version of it). It applies only to the deputies who are elected from the lists of political parties. Consequently, the problem lies in the partial legislative regulation of the problem of “floor-crossing”, which should be enshrined in new regulations /normative acts/. This acquires particular significance in the context of Russian military aggression and possible subversive activity of pro-Russian politicians, whose activities should be ruled out by such legislative acts. Any attempts to discredit the country on the part of deputies, making advances to the aggressor, should have legal consequences and the possibility for the electorate to influence the politician being elected. It has been found that frequent party switching discredits electoral and parliamentary system and shows flaws in the selection of personalities and why they go into politics; in addition, it can also indicate the strength or weakness of political parties. It has been proven that excessive and nontransparent motivated floor-crossing of deputies is becoming rarer with each new convocation, indicating a positive trend in the qualitative selection of candidates for deputies among party members. The final consolidation of the proportional system with open lists in the Electoral Code and the legislative regulation of inter-party/inter-factional switching should be the basis of qualitative deputy composition and commitment to declared political ideas.
В статье рассматривается значение термина «флоркросинг», его основные виды, законодательное регулирование и особенности смены партий в Украине за годы ее независимости. Выяснено, что флоркросинг, смена политических ориентаций и, как следствие, корректировка предвыборных обещаний, реальность, с которой столкнулся украинский политик. Флоркросинг в украинском парламенте стал явлением, которое изменило коалиции, породило оппортунизм и политическую коррупцию. Установлено, что в современной практике возможны два способа воздействия на процесс межпартийных переключений: законодательный запрет или чисто формальное осуждение действий депутата/ партии со стороны электората и членов партии. Для уменьшения количества переключений между фракциями в Украине существует так называемый императивный мандат (особая его версия). Он распространяется только на депутатов, избранных по спискам политических партий. Следовательно, проблема заключается в частичном законодательном регулировании проблемы «флоркросинга», что должно быть закреплено в новых нормативных актах. Это приобретает особое значение в условиях российской военной агрессии и возможной подрывной деятельности пророссийских политиков, деятельность которых должна быть исключена такими законодательными актами. Любые попытки дискредитировать страну со стороны депутатов, заигрывая с агрессором, должны иметь правовые последствия и возможность для электората влиять на избираемого политика. Выявлено, что частая смена партий дискредитирует избирательно-парламентскую систему, показывает недостатки в подборе личностей и причинах их ухода в политику; кроме того, это также может указывать на силу или слабость политических партий. Доказано, что чрезмерные и непрозрачные мотивированные переходы депутатов с каждым новым созывом становятся все более редкими, что свидетельствует о положительной тенденции качественного отбора кандидатов в депутаты из числа членов партии. Окончательное закрепление пропорциональной системы с открытыми списками в Избирательном кодексе и законодательное регулирование межпартийной/межфракционной смены должно стать основой качественного депутатского состава и приверженности декларируемым политическим идеям.
Źródło:
Studia Orientalne; 2022, 4(24); 56-70
2299-1999
Pojawia się w:
Studia Orientalne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The constitutional conditions and models of political party funding
Konstytucyjne uwarunkowania oraz modele finansowania partii politycznych
Autorzy:
Bidziński, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/524561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
constitution, fundnig, party, political, transparency
Opis:
From the perspective of the political party, defining the sources and funding models are very important issues. Defining the legal standards, which provide in particular the certain and secure political parties funding, in a right manner, enables to direct their main activity on the more substantive areas. The subject area of the sources and models of political parties funding causes a great deal of emotions and controversy, not only among the political class, but also among the representatives of the science world and scholars. While the issue concerning the scope and amount of the funds has been revived at almost every single local, parliamentary or presidential elections, the analysis of and debate on the systemic solutions have been continued permanently.
Niezwykle ważnym z punktu widzenia funkcjonowania partii politycznych zagadnieniem jest określenie źródeł i modelu ich finansowania. Odpowiednie sformułowanie norm prawnych zapewniających w szczególności pewne i stałe źródła finansowania partiom politycznym pozwala skierować ich główną aktywność na bardziej merytoryczne obszary. Tematyka źródeł i modeli finasowania partii politycznych budzi wiele emocji i kontrowersji nie tylko wśród klasy politycznej, ale także w gronie przedstawicieli nauki i doktryny. O ile samo zagadnienie źródeł i wysokości środków odżywa przy okazji praktycznie każdych wyborów samorządowych, parlamentarnych czy prezydenckich, o tyle analiza i debata nad rozwiązaniami systemowymi trwa w zasadzie permanentnie.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2015, 6 (28); 163-171
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy polskie partie są demokratyczne?
Are the Polish parties democratic?
Autorzy:
Tomczak, Łukasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1953218.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
political parties
democracy
party leader
Opis:
The article analyzes the application of democratic principles in the structures of polish political parties such as: Platforma Obywatelska (Civic Platform), Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice), Twój Ruch (Your Movement), Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej (Democratic Left Alliance), Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Polish People’s Party), Prawica Rzeczypospolitej (Right Wing of the Republic), Polska Partia Pracy (Polish Labour Party), Partia Zieloni (Greens), Solidarna Polska (Solidary Poland). The author of the article discusses the issues of leadership competition, creation of informal groups in the party elections, members disciplining, and leaders forcing environmental risks arising from the principles of internal democracy. The author stated that the parties should be left free to shape structures while legally protect the democratic principles of choice and the relationship between the authorities and the equality of rights of members of the party.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2015, 47; 84-97
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Vision of the State’s Political System in the Political Thought of the National Party between 1928 and 1939
Autorzy:
Dawidowicz, Aneta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594372.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
political thought
National Party
nationalism
political system
Opis:
Views of the National Party (1928-1939) merit special attention, given both the Party’s prominent role in the political life of interwar Poland and the interesting combination of various elements derived from diverse ideological trends within the Party’s programme. The ideological legacy of the National Party reflected, to a large extent, the key constituents of the National Democracy’s political thought, such as nationalism, representation of all social classes, national integrity and the concept of the nation-state. The National Party underwent major evolution and was subject to internal divisions which makes the image of its political thought much more complex. Based on an analysis of the National Party’s political thought, several conclusions can be formulated. The National Party developed its own views regarding political systems. These were, to a large extent, determined by their own system of values based on the national idea. The National Party’s political system projections were mainly inspired by (1) the successes of the “new type” states; (2) pressure from totalitarian systems; and (3) the influence of the economic and spiritual crisis. The National Party leaders wanted to make the political system more efficient. Nonetheless, views in favor of directly imitating any foreign political systems could hardly be found in the Party’s political thought. The National Party’s ideologists and journalists invariably stated that there was no pre-defined political system, but its form had to be adjusted to the specificity and unique character of a given national body. Although inspiration was drawn from external political systems, the Party’s political thought did not lose its independence.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2019, 2 (48); 330-344
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prawne i praktyczne aspekty wolontariatu w działalności polskich partii politycznych
Legal and Practical Aspects of Voluntary Service in the Activities of Polish Political Parties
Autorzy:
Bejma, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2171499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-02-28
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
volunteering
political activity
civil society
political party
Opis:
Voluntary activity is a form of civic activity, which is an essential part of modern, wellfunctioning democracy, both at the local and national levels. Popular ideas identify volunteering with work in community centers, rehabilitation centers for the disabled, hospices, nursing homes for the elderly, orphanages, and homes for single mothers. Meanwhile, as it was confirmed by the study of the Klon/Jawor and CBOS, voluntary activity is not just purely social and supportive one. Volunteers, as is the case in other countries, support with their work organizations of political nature – movements, committees, and political groups. The use of their support intensifies especially during election campaigns, when volunteers perform different tasks: gather signatures on lists of candidates in the election, organize rallies and campaign trails, lead wide campaigning – handing out leaflets and urging to vote for particular candidates or political parties, prepare handouts, and update web pages, blogs and profiles in social networks. This voluntary, and – what needs to be especially emphasized – also conscious involvement in political activity, is a manifestation of a particular group of civic participation in its political dimension.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2014, 1(101); 169-191
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Political Parties and Trade Unions in the Post–Communist Poland: Class Politics that Have Never a Chance to Happen
Autorzy:
Kamiński, Paweł
Rozbicka, Patrycja
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594809.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
trade unions
social cleavages
Polska
party politics
Opis:
Trade unions in Poland have not built the stable and long–term relations with political parties as are observed in Western democracies. By analysing the historical and symbolic background of the transformation to a democratic civil society and free market economy, political preferences of working class, trade union membership rates, and public opinion polls, we argue that, in case of Poland, the initial links between political parties and trade unions weakened over time. Polish trade unions never had a chance to become a long–term intermediary between society and political parties, making the Polish case study a double exception from the traditional models.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2016, 45; 191-204
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Nation-Building and Contestation for Power: The Place of Party Politics in Nigeria, 1923-2019
Autorzy:
Ogunyemi, Adetunji Ojo
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2015800.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
nation
nation-building
power
party politics
Nigeria
Opis:
By May 29, 2019, Nigeria’s Fourth Republic and democracy had achieved an unprecedented 20 unbroken years of active partisan politics and representative democracy. The First Republic had lasted barely three years (1963-1966); the Second Republic and its democratic institutions lasted just four years (1979-1983) while the Third Republic (19921993) could barely hold its head for one year. Hence, by mid-2019, not many analysts have congratulated Nigeria for its longest democratic experience since its independence from Britain in 1960, but hardly did any of them identify the core reasons for such a sustained rule of democratic ethos for two decades. In this paper, we show the origin and practice of political parties in Nigeria. We argue that the country had succeeded in its Fourth Republic as a democratic country because its law and constitution together with the political culture of the people had permitted multiparty democracy by which governments had been formed, political inclusion and popular participation ensured, and public policies initiated. We also present an analysis of party politicking in the country from its beginning in 1923 and conclude that Nigeria has achieved meaningful and sustainable dividends of democracy in her Fourth Republic because of a maturing culture of partisan politics.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2020, 4 (49); 51-71
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Status prawny i finansowanie partii politycznych w Kanadzie
Autorzy:
Chmaj, Marek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/524559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-04-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
partia polityczna
finansowanie
status prawny
system partyjny w Kanadzie
political party
financing
legal status
party system in Canada
Opis:
Kanada, jako państwo wzorujące się anglosaskim systemie prawa, z widocznymi wpływami prawodawstwa amerykańskiego, nie posiada uregulowanego statusu partii politycznych na poziomie konstytucyjnym. Jako podstawę do istnienia partii politycznych w Kanadzie przyjmuje się Kanadyjską Kartę Praw i Swobód. Zasady rejestracji i finansowania partii politycznych w Kanadzie usystematyzowano dopiero w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Obecnie działalność partii politycznych reguluje Canada Elections Act z 2004 r. oraz Financial Administration. Co do zasady, partie polityczne w Kanadzie należy podzielić na zarejestrowane i niezarejestrowane. Poza szeregiem innych uprawnień, partiom zarejestrowanym przysługuje prawo do szczególnych warunków finansowania ich działalności. Finansowanie kanadyjskich partii politycznych jest przedmiotem dyskusji od lat sześćdziesiątych i opiera się na trzech filarach: datkach od osób prywatnych, dofinansowaniu z budżetu państwa (ok. 2 dolarów kanadyjskich za każdy oddany na partię głos) i zwrocie kosztów kampanii wyborczej (50% w przypadku przekroczenia progu 2% głosów w skali kraju). Warto odnotować, iż nadzór nad działalnością partii politycznych w Kanadzie sprawują główny komisarz wyborczy i przewodniczący Centralnej Komisji Wyborczej.
Canada, as an Anglo-Saxon law system arose, with influences of the American legislation, it has not regulated the status of political parties on the constitutional level. Basis of the existence of political parties in Canada, is the Canadian Charter of rights and freedoms. Rules for the registration and financing of political parties in Canada was systematized in the second half of the 20th century. Currently, the activity of political parties shall be governed by the Canada Elections Act of 2004 and Financial Administration. As a general rule, political parties in Canada should be divided into registered and unregistered. In addition to a number of other rights, registered parties are entitled to special conditions of the financing of their activities. Canadian financing of political parties is the subject of discussion since the 1960s and is based on three pillars: donations from private individuals, funding from the state budget (CA. 2 Canadian dollars for each vote) and reimbursement of election campaign expenses (50% in the case of an overrun of the threshold of 2% of the vote on a national scale). It should be noted that supervision of the activities of political parties in Canada have the Chief Electoral Officer and Chairman of the Central Election Commission.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2014, 2 (18); 55-71
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Referendums in Ukraine and the Baltic Countries in the First Decade of Independence: Causes and Results
Autorzy:
Voitenko, Yurii
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/24858197.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
republic
party
influence
plebiscite
democracy
contract
parliament
president
Opis:
This article provides a comparative analysis of the implementation of referendums in Ukraine and the Baltic states during the first decade of independence. The article contains a historical and political aspect regarding the reasons and results of referendums introduced in the specified countries. The article provides a separate analysis of the political features of the introduction of referendums in Ukraine, which consisted, first of all, of pressure from the president on the parliament, with the aim of the latter adopting decisions necessary for the head of state. Such pressure on the parliament, in the form of a referendum initiative by the second President of Ukraine, was aimed at increasing its powers, especially with regard to influence on the government, and a proportional decrease in the powers of the Verkhovna Rada. This was most clearly manifested during the period of formation and approval of the text of the Constitution of Ukraine, in which all the «rules of the game» in the aspect of checks and balances of the highest institutions of state power were to be agreed upon. The experience of the Baltic countries in the first decade of restored independence had less practice than in Ukraine regarding political confrontations between the highest bodies of state power. The Baltic countries finally agreed on the main powers of the main institutions of power during the first two years of their restored independence and confirmed them in referendums. Further, their plebiscites consisted more in solving issues of national than exclusively political importance.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2023, 4(40); 64-77
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Program, Strategy and Tactics of Communist Movement in Contemporary Epoche
Autorzy:
Wiktor, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933231.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
communism
Communist Party of Poland
Marxism
political movements
Opis:
The aim of this article is to analyse Communist Party of Poland as the party of Polish proletariat, working class that represents also the interests of other Polish working peoples. Emphasis is placed The strategy of CPP is like other communist parties, socialist revolution, socialism and in the further time communism. The CPP is based in its struggle on the theory of Marxism-Leninism and the progressive tradition of the building of socialism in former People’s Republic Poland.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2020, 11; 83-95
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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