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    Tytuł:
    Geopolitics, Political Topology and Hybrid Warfare
    Autorzy:
    Szałek, Benon Zb.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031554.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    geopolitics
    political topology
    hybrid warfare
    Opis:
    This paper deals with the concept of political topology in the light of geopolitics and hybrid warfare. Traditional geopolitics can be regarded as a point of departure for the search for better tools for political decision making. Comparison and confrontation of different, theoretical and practical, concepts of hybrid warfare can be heuristically inspiring and lead to a compact system of politically relevant knowledge – to political topology.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2015, 6; 86-97
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Wagner Group as a Tool of Russian Hybrid Warfare
    Autorzy:
    Górka, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15847239.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Russia
    Wagner Group
    private military companies
    hybrid warfare
    Opis:
    Unrest, conflicts, and wars in various parts of the world have created huge political and business opportunities for private military companies. They can gather intelligence, provide security for rich and powerful political actors, and provide mercenaries to interest groups worldwide. Private Russian military forces with close ties to President Vladimir Putin are used in war zones and continue expanding their presence in many regions worldwide. The Wagner Group is the most famous Russian mercenary unit. It gained notoriety mainly by supporting Russian forces in the conflict in Ukraine in 2014. At that time, it also provided one of the services that the authorities in the Kremlin particularly appreciate in their actions, and that is the lack of attribution for conducting armed conflicts, thanks to which mercenaries play the role of separatist fighters. Since then, the organisation has been deployed in many countries, including Syria, Libya, Mali, the Central African Republic, Sudan, and Venezuela, always to covertly support representatives of regimes favoured by Putin. Like all other mercenary units in Russia, the Wagner Group does not officially exist, because Russian law does not allow mercenary activities. The article has two main objectives: first, to present an analysis of the activities of the Wagner Group, using the currently available information; second, to prove that the concept of hybrid warfare could best explain the Kremlin’s use of Russian mercenaries.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 2(52); 83-98
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Economic Sanctions as a Tool of China’s Hybrid Strategies
    Autorzy:
    Wiśniewski, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2019850.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    coercion
    hybrid warfare
    People’s Republic of China
    economic sanctions
    Opis:
    The article aims to analyze the role of economic sanctions in the People’s Republic of China’s overall approach to achieving its security objectives in the international arena. During the last two decades, Beijing used this instrument on numerous occasions to exert pressure on a varied group of actors. China’s current strategy toward a range of disputes and conflicts it is engaged in (the South China Sea territorial disputes most prominently stand out) is often described using the popular vocabulary of “hybrid warfare” or “grey zone conflicts”. Putting the conceptual complications aside, the author agrees that the PRC’s approach can be viewed as part of a growing trend for great powers to employ what can be called “hybrid strategies” toward its opponents. As part of a broader category of economic statecraft, economic sanctions form an important element of this approach. Considering current scholarship on both “hybrid” (or “grey area”) warfare and economic sanctions, the article answers the question of why the PRC increasingly resorts to hybrid strategies (including economic coercion) and identifies the main characteristics of Chinese economic sanctions. It also provides preliminary conclusions on their effectiveness.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 3 (50); 91-103
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Blurred Problem of Foreign Funding of Civil Society Organizations in the Light of Political Marketing, Praxiology and Hybrid Warfare
    Autorzy:
    Szałek, Benon Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031544.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    foreign funding
    civil society organizations
    political marketing
    praxiology
    hybrid warfare
    Opis:
    This paper deals with the problem of foreign and cryptoforeign funding of civil society organizations (CSOs). The question of foreign funding of CSOs is presented in the light of political marketing (inter alia: identification of global, regional and local market mechanisms (donors – clients)), hybrid warfare (real aims / interests of donors (the question of specific intelligence and counterintelligence)) and praxiology (effects, effectiveness).
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2016, 7; 195-211
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Зобразити війну
    How to Represent War
    Autorzy:
    Полішук, Ярослав
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2179052.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    hybrid warfare
    literature
    writer
    hero
    character
    гибридная война
    художественная литература
    писатель
    герой
    характер
    Opis:
    How to Represent War. The hybrid warfare going on in Donbass has had consequences on the informational and cultural spheres in Ukraine. It is a war for influence where Ukraine cannot adequately confront Russia because it does not have the necessary recourses and a developed media culture. The number of literary works about the war published in the last few years show that Ukrainian writers want to challenge the discourse on war. Between 2014 and 2016 numerous novels, stories, essays, reports, and poems were published by such writers as Halyna Vdovychenko, Yevhen Polozhiy, Sergei Lozko, and Vladyslav Ivchenko. These authors try to show all the horror of the war and the changing attitudes and consciousness of Ukrainians. The issue of forming a new Ukrainian collective identity is reflected in contemporary literature.
    Гибридная война, продолжающаяся на Востоке Украины, непосредственно затрагивает информационную и культурную сферы. Она является войной за влияния, в которой Украина с ее неопытностью и ограниченным ресурсом не может достойно противостоять России. Появление ряда художественных произведений о войне свидетельствует, что украинская литература приняла вызов актуальной темы. В 2014 – 2016 годах были написаны и изданы романы, повести, очерки, репортажи Галины Вдовиченко, Евгения Положия, Сергея Лозко, Владислава Ивченко и др. В этих произведениях изображаются жестокие реалии войны, но также показаны колоритные характеры ее участников. В наши дни рождается новое качество украинского человека, и этот процесс вполне выразительно отражается в современной художественной литературе Украины.
    Źródło:
    Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe; 2017, 3; 27-50
    2543-9227
    Pojawia się w:
    Pomiędzy. Polonistyczno-Ukrainoznawcze Studia Naukowe
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Some Reflections on the Theory of Hybrid Activities
    Kilka refleksji na temat teorii działań hybrydowych
    Autorzy:
    Szałek, Benon Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861028.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    hybrid activities
    hybrid warfare
    nonmilitary activities
    peace
    politics
    działania hybrydowe
    wojna hybrydowa
    działania niemilitarne
    pokój
    polityka
    Opis:
    This paper presents some remarks on the theory of hybrid activities. Analysis of relevant texts indicates that at present there is no real theory of hybrid activities. Interpretations and definitions of hybrid activities differ to some extent and certain important features are missing. For example, some authors opine that hybrid activities consist of simultaneous military and non-military operations. This opinion is not necessarily true as non-military activities can precede military activities. Monitoring this phase of hybrid activities is particularly important. The so-called “crisis management” covers (from the viewpoint of praxeology) a too narrow area.
    Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia kilka uwag na temat teorii działań hybrydowych. Analiza przedmiotowej literatury wskazuje, że obecnie nie ma czegoś takiego jak rzeczywista teoria działań hybrydowych. Interpretacje i definicje działań hybrydowych różnią się w pewnym stopniu, a niektóre istotne problemy nie są w ogóle poruszane. Na przykład niektórzy autorzy są zdania, że działania hybrydowe składają się z jednoczesnych militarnych i niemilitarnych operacji. Ta opinia jest niekoniecznie słuszna, jako że niemilitarne działania mogą poprzedzać działania militarne. Monitorowanie tej fazy działań hybrydowych jest szczególnie ważne. Tak zwane „zarządzanie kryzysowe” swoim obecnym zakresem pokrywa, z punktu widzenia prakseologii (nauki o korzystnym, sprawnym działaniu), zbyt wąski obszar działań.
    Źródło:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2020, 68; 7-17
    1505-2192
    Pojawia się w:
    Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Common Security and Defence Policy of the European Union – in the context of ‘hybrid warfare’, ‘networks’, ‘swarming’ and ‘consolidated hybrid defence’
    Autorzy:
    Szałek, Benon Zbigniew
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031481.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    common security and defence policy
    European Union
    hybrid warfare
    networks
    netwarfare
    swarming
    consolidated hybrid security
    consolidated hybrid defence
    Opis:
    The aim of this paper is to present some praxiological remarks on the so-called Common Security and Defence Policy (earlier: The European Security and Defence Policy) of the European Union in the light of such terms as ‘hybrid warfare’, ‘networks’, ‘swarming’. The paper emphasizes the problem of consolidated hybrid security and defense.
    Źródło:
    Reality of Politics; 2017, 8; 125-140
    2082-3959
    Pojawia się w:
    Reality of Politics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Western Denial and Russian Control. How Russia’s National Security Strategy Threatens a Western-Based Approach to Global Security, the Rule of Law and Globalization
    Autorzy:
    Gunneriuson, Håkan
    Bachmann, Sascha Dov
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594544.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    hybrid warfare
    national security policies
    East-West conflict
    NATO policy and doctrines
    exploitation of cultural asymmetries
    disinformation strategies
    state vulnerabilities
    reflexive control
    Opis:
    The Russian National Security Strategy of 2015 aims at achieving autarky from Western influences on global security, the rule of law and global trade. Russia aims at attaining this by applying a holistic mix of military, political and economic means to weaken the West and to strengthen its own role as a global player. The Russian approach builds on a strategy of reflexive control which as such is an old method, but the outcome of the application of this approach results in hybrid warfare which as such is a new emerging concept of warfighting. This short article looks at one particular aspect of this Russian strategy, namely using Hybrid, or non-linear, Warfare against its Western direct neighbours in particular and the West in general. We will discuss the underlying cultural logic in Russia’s actions and will reflect on the impact of Russia’s utilization of the existing cultural asymmetry as a form of warfare in regard to the West. The examples used in this text are taken from the context of the conflicts of Ukraine and Syria, but have to be seen as constituting a part of an on-going global conflict aimed at NATO and the EU. The text builds on years of research within the hybrid threat, warfare respectively, context by both authors.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 1 (46); 9-29
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Hybrid Warfare and Deniability as Understood by the Military
    Autorzy:
    Gunneriusson, Håkan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594504.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    South Chinese Sea
    China
    ASEAN
    PMSC
    Hybrid warfare
    National security policies
    NATO policy and doctrines
    exploitation of cultural
    asymmetries
    state vulnerabilities
    reflexive control
    NATO Defense College
    Opis:
    Russia and China are terraforming the maritime environment as part of their warfare. In both cases the actions are illegal and the performance is offensive to its actual nature. In the case of China, the practice is construction of artificial islands in the South Chinese Sea and in the case of Russia it is about the infamous bridge built over the Kerch strait, Ukraine. Neither Russia nor China expects an armed conflict with the West in the near future. That is a reasonable assumption, which is weaponized at the political-strategically level. The attack of this weaponized situation is that the trust in the West. Primarily the EU (European Union) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), is eroded for every day which these countries challenges the international system which the western democracies say that they present and defend. China and Russia offer their authoritarian systems as a replacement and there are a lot of pseudo-democratic or even out-right authoritarian regimes on the sideline watching this challenge unfold. The article highlights the difference for the NATO-countries in logic of practice when it comes to the political social field on one hand and the military political field on the other hand. The article uses material from a previously unpublished survey made on NATO-officers then attending courses at NATO Defense College (NDC).
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2019, 2 (48); 267-288
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Central and Eastern European Countries under Cyberthreats
    Autorzy:
    Świątkowska, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594418.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    information warfare
    cybersecurity; cyberthreats
    CEE region
    information security
    hybrid conflict
    security
    cyberattacks
    Opis:
    The paper aims to analyse how information warfare can be conducted in cyberspace and to look at this issue from the perspective of Central and Eastern European Countries. It argues that this form of hostile actions will be increasingly utilized in the region. The main assumption, following Alvin Toffler’s theory, is that “information” – as an increasingly important element of modern societies and as their strategic resource – also serves as a significant tool of modern conflicts. Since information is nowadays strongly related to new technologies, mainly the aspects connected to cybersecurity are analysed. The article looks closer at different aspects of cyberthreats and explains their possible consequences. It may serve as good material for further research and recommendations on countermeasures that may increase security in Europe.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 1 (46); 30-39
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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