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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Eurocentrism in Samuel P. Huntington’s Concept of the Clash of Civilisations
    Autorzy:
    Kufliński, Mateusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2154736.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-09-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    imperialism
    neoconservatism
    neoimperialism
    Eurocentrism
    clash of civilisations
    Huntington
    Opis:
    The article is dedicated to an issue of Eurocentrism in American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington’s concept of the clash of civilisations. The arguments presented indicate that Huntington’s concept is pure Eurocentric. I start by mentioning a few of Huntington’s critics (Noam Chomsky, Samir Amin, Arjun Appadurai, and John M. Hobson). The next step includes analysing in detail the “Eurocentrism anatomy” and presenting Eurocentrism as a phenomenon based on two axes, which I call “materialistic” and “epistemological”. In other words, Eurocentrism is a kind of spectrum. Thanks to that, I compare Huntington’s concept with facts from literature embedded in both axes. Apart from other arguments, Eurocentric factors in the clash of civilisations are 1) civilisations in the past, 2) origin of the West, 3) demographic argument, and 4) the downfall of the West. I argue that the clash of civilisations is based on false, Eurocentric assumptions and prejudices.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 3 (51); 125-134
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Cultural Security in Shaping the Generation of Civilizational Advancement Within the Universalization of Cultural Transformations. Based on Research Conducted in Samoa
    Autorzy:
    Jaworowska, Mirosława
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020126.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    culture clash
    culture of security
    emancipation generation
    system transformation
    cultural transformation
    universalization
    value system
    generation of civilizational advancement
    Opis:
    The Author has demonstrated that Samoan youth is not indifferent to cultural universals, despite attempting to co-create them in the course of a multi-cultural dialogue and globalization processes. The study was founded on research results conducted through local observations and a questionnaire distributed among students of the Faculty of Education at the National University of Samoa in Apia. The research aimed to learn about the opinions, aspirations, attitudes, and value systems of Samoan students as they represent the educated elite of the 21st-century generation. The interviewed approve of contemporary civilizational novelties, as long as those do not harm the traditional culture. The socialization process in the Samoan youth has been occurring on a borderland between upbringing, traditional family-tribal, and the modern state-citizen education in schools and social life. Family and traditional customs are still vivid despite being more open to contemporary civilization and state developments. Although cautious towards novelties that might threaten the Samoan culture, these attitudes may be assessed as a reformatory. Based on the results obtained in Samoa, it is justifiable to state that the process of cultural transformation universalization has been occurring there in many areas of reality.
    Źródło:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 4 (50); 161-173
    0208-7375
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Political Science Yearbook
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Ekstremizm polityczny w Nowej Zelandii
    Political extremism in New Zealand
    Autorzy:
    Wałdoch, Marcin
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2190940.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    wielka wymiana
    rasizm
    Nowa Zelandia
    ekstremizm lewicowy
    ekstremizm prawicowy
    identytaryzm
    zderzenie cywilizacji
    statofobia
    Great Replacement
    racism
    New Zealand
    extreme left
    extreme right
    identitaranism
    clash of the civilization
    state-phobia
    Opis:
    In this paper an author state a hypothesis that political extremism in New Zealand is a permanent phenomena that is present in New Zealand, which derives itself from globalization processes and evolves as the effect of idea’s diffusion. System theory is used as a theoretical perspective and a priori assumption that political extremism deepen state-phobia is made. Research methods such as lexical analysis and comparative analysis are used. During the research main extremist political trends are reveal, such as leftist, rightist, pro-ecological, islamic and postcolonial, and „lone-wolf” extremism. These phenomenon are highlighted in the perspective of potential security threats to the state. Ideological sources of extreme attitudes are revealed and shown in the most current political trends.
    W tym artykule autor sformułował hipotezę stanowiącą przypuszczenie, że ekstremizm polityczny w Nowej Zelandii jest zjawiskiem permanentnym i ulegającym ewolucji w wyniku dyfuzji idei, które docierają do Nowej Zelandii w wyniku procesów globalizacji. Jako perspektywę teoretyczną prowadzonego badania przyjęto teorię systemową oraz założono a priori, że ekstremizm polityczny pogłębia postawy statofobiczne. Jako metody badawcze wykorzystano analizę leksykalną oraz analizę porównawczą. W toku prowadzonego badania wykazano genezę zjawiska ekstremizmu politycznego w Nowej Zelandii oraz jego główne odmiany, czyli ekstremizm lewicowy, prawicowy, ekstremizm ugrupowań proekologicznych, ekstremizm islamski i ekstremizm związany z konfliktami postkolonialnymi oraz ekstremizm „samotnych wilków”. Zjawiska te ukazano w perspektywie potencjalnych zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa państwa oraz podjęto się określenia źródeł ideologicznych postaw ekstremistycznych i ukazania najbardziej aktualnych nurtów myśli politycznej uzasadniającej ekstremizm oraz organizacji i aktorów politycznych o profilu ekstremistycznym.
    Źródło:
    Świat Idei i Polityki; 2020, 19; 29-57
    1643-8442
    Pojawia się w:
    Świat Idei i Polityki
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    O metodologicznych trudnościach badania i opisywania Chin
    Some methodological difficulties in studying and analysing China
    Autorzy:
    Gawlikowski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1955856.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-31
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    honne
    Yoshio Sugimoto
    Karl-Heinz Pohl
    Heilmann
    Axial Age
    Multiple Modernities
    clash of civilizations
    Chiny
    reformy Denga
    metodologia
    eurocentryzm
    Fukuyama
    Huntington
    Eisenstadt
    religia
    prawa człowieka
    demokracja
    wolność
    państwo chińskie
    autorytaryzm
    Opis:
    The study presents various factors which obstacles adequate description and analysis of Chinese realities in Western scholarly literature. The first factor presented in the article is the psychological mechanism of a “mirror”. As Lynn T. White suggested, since the 17th century, that Westerners look at China not through a ‘window’ but through a ‘mirror’, in which their own fears or most treasured ideals are refl ected, not China itself. Hence their descriptions of China refl ect first of all their state of mind. Peter Hays Gries and Stanley Rosen add to this metaphor another one, that of a procrustean bed. According to these authors, contemporary Western scholars procede like ancient Procrustes who made his captives fit his bed cutting their too long limbs or stretching these too short, in order to adapt Chinese realities to the Western schemes. Sebastian Heilmann and Matthias Stepan in order to explain Western mistaken views of China and expectations presented six wrong assumptions concerning developments in China. Their list is controversial, but it is true that on the Western side there are numerous wrong assumptions concerning China and other Asian states. Thus the Chinese realities are described in a wrong way, and the predictions of future developments are also false. The Author put an emphasis on scientific categories and terms elaborated in Europe and the States and considered “universal”, which, however, are not adequate to the Chinese realities. Hence their use results in falsification of descriptions and makes previsions based on them – groundless. He distinguishes two essential kinds of categories and terms borrowed from the West but inadequate to the Chinese realities. The first constitutes the terms which significance does not fit to the Chinese realities, as “language”, “religion”, historical epochs such as “antiquity”, “,Middle Ages”, etc. The second constitutes the terms which meanings involve cultural values. Many of them are difficult to translate into Chinese and they acquire different meanings in the context of Confucian heritage. The Author analyses from this perspective: “human rights”, “democracy” and “freedom”. Western scholars are also often mislead by Chinese sources. The study indicates another factor, which facilitates great misunderstandings. According to the cultural norm of the Confucian civilisation there is a “proper façade” presented in public, behind which there are hidden “internal realities”. Of course, such differences could be detected in each culture, but in highly ritualistic Confucian civilisation this distinction is essential, and both parts constitute “complex realities”, whereas Westerners presume that the façade constitutes a whole and complete reality. The Author presents as an example centralised, unitary Leninist state in Chin that is – in his opinion merely a false “public image”, whereas in reality there operate more or less innumerable quite autonomous units, which in fact are not subordinate. Under such circumstances all decisions must be consulted and negotiated among them, like in a federal system, although it does not operate formally. The Westerners also misleads themselves considering their peculiar civilisation as “universal”, whereas there are various civilisations, which will not amalgamate during the modernisation processes. Hence various societies function and change in their own ways, different from the western schemes and expectations. The study indicates that the West still predominates and presents its civilisation as universal. However, its predomination faces growing resistance and numerous scholars recognise the existence of numerous civilisations, which will also develop in the future. The author enumerates the most significant concepts such as “dialogue among civilisations and cultures” adopted by the United Nations in 1989, Huntington’s warning against imposing western norms on other civilisations, which may result in their ‘clashes’, the concept of the Axial Age, of Multiple Modernities, and so on. The road to an equal status of all civilisations is long and tortuous. The elaboration of universal scientific categories and principles is even more difficult, and it is, perhaps, a task for future generations of Asian scholars.
    Źródło:
    Azja-Pacyfik; 2019, XXII; 50-78
    1643-692X
    Pojawia się w:
    Azja-Pacyfik
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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