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Tytuł:
Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons as the Source of Endangerment for the Contemporary World and the Reason for the International Law Regulations Being a Subject of Abuse
Autorzy:
Stankiewicz, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026745.pdf
Data publikacji:
2006-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international law
toxin weapons
Opis:
Among the kinds of CB Weapons, the chemical one might be considered as the one with the longest history of widespread warfare applicability, whereas the biological one as the developed problem of the recent two centuries but also having its roots in ancient eras. The consequences of the usage of CBs are acknowledged by the international conventions dealing with the CB phenomenon. Although the provisions provide solutions and declarations of the minimised usage of CB weapons as the method of warfare and the limited laboratory testing in accordance to the sake of all mankind, the problem still exists. Nowadays, it is especially discussed after the events of 11.09.2001, which brought about the airborne attack on the the two towers of the World Trade Centre in New York and the proceeding events of the Bacillus anthracis4 intoxication spread across the United States of America.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2006, 35; 16-32
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cities, Transnational Law, and COVID-19
Autorzy:
Szpak, Agnieszka
Modrzyńska, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2056712.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
cities
COVID-19
transnational law
international law
international relations
global law
bypass
Opis:
This paper aims to point to the transition from international law to transnational law that, on the one hand, is caused, and on the other, is strengthened by the growing role of cities in the fight against COVID-19. Various interactions between cities and other international actors give rise to new trends and challenges on the international plane. One of such terms, transnational law, refers to developments beyond the nation-state and includes “all law which regulates actions or events that transcend national frontiers”. It is characterized by a plurality of overlapping normative systems and a growing role of new actors in the international arena, which are cities. The authors give examples of cities bypassing or complementing states with special emphasis on European cities (Polish including) as well as of cities’ transnational cooperation to fight COVID-19 pandemic, filling the gaps in inter-governmental multilateral cooperation.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2022, 1(51); 75-92
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prasa litewska o traktacie polsko-litewskim w przededniu jego podpisania
Autorzy:
Jakubauskas, Adas
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231126.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
International law
Polish – Lithuanian relations
Press
public opinion
Opis:
On 26 April 1994, the Lithuanian and Polish presidents signed in Vilnius the Treaty between the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Poland on friendly relations and good neighbourly cooperation. The Lithuanian press devoted much attention to the progress of negotiations in drafting this document and to its ratification by the Lithuanian Seimas in October 1994. During 1993–1994, the Lithuanian newspapers Lietuvos rytas, Respublika, Lietuvos aidas, Tiesa, Kurier Wileński, also several smaller newspapers, such as Voruta, Gimtasis kraštas, Atgimimas, SSI, Amžius, published the articles devoted to a discussion of the Lithuanian-Polish relations. This publication aims at conducting an analysis of the Lithuanian press and reviewing the articles devoted to the drafting, signature and ratification of the Treaty between the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Poland on friendly relations and good neighbourly cooperation, as well as to the political situation in Lithuania at the time of the drafting and signature of the mentioned agreement.
Źródło:
Themis Polska Nova; 2014, 1(6); 116-123
2084-4522
Pojawia się w:
Themis Polska Nova
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
International judicial precedent: features, types, significance
Autorzy:
Boyko, Inna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2120170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international courts
court decision
judicial practice
established jurisprudence
source of international law
Opis:
The author’s concept of the essence of international judicial precedent is offered, claiming that international courts perform a law-making function. The author is convinced that 1) “jurisprudence constante” (established jurisprudence) is synonymous with judicial precedent; 2) precedent decisions are created by international courts as a consequence of the settlement of similar disputes, the issues of which are either vaguely regulated or not regulated at all by the norms of international law; 3) judicial precedent, as part of an international court decision, should be considered a formal source of international law; 4) judicial precedents should be included in the list of formal sources of international law, which are subsidiary sources. Given the numerous views on the nature, content, legal force of precedent decisions of international courts, it is proposed the definition of judicial precedent, which takes into account the characteristics of modern international relations. An international judicial precedent is a decision that contains legal positions that either clarify the content of the current rule or formulate a new rule. Such decisions shall be considered by the court which made them or by another court (or arbitral tribunal) in considering such a similar case; they are imperatively binding on the dispute parties, as well as politically binding on third actors of international law. The establishment by the court of a rule in the form of a legal position should be considered as a natural process in international law-making. A legal position can exist as a formula, which is initially a mandatory requirement of the motivating part of a court decision, but if such a legal position is repeated in subsequent decisions, it becomes an international custom, in particular, it becomes legally binding for an indefinite number of similar relations, or such a legal position is included in text of an international treaty. As the law-making function of international courts raises questions, there are offered the author’s definitions of “international judicial law-making”, “soft law”, “international judicial precedent”, “precedent of interpretation”, “vertical international judicial precedent”, “horizontal international judicial precedent”.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2022, 21; 26-42
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and the Problem of Political Will
Autorzy:
Lea-Henry, Jed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
responsibility to protect
R2P
humanitarian intervention
international crimes
international law
Opis:
The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was created in the hope of overcoming the barrier that state sovereignty, as a principle, had become to actions of humanitarian intervention. It was imagined that as mass atrocity crimes were coming to the attention of the international community, that, on the whole, they were willing, able and eager to intervene in order to stop the violence in question. Holding them back was sovereignty as both a legal and normative barrier. This was always a bad explanation for the pervasive lack of humanitarian intervention; accordingly R2P, as a bad solution, has failed almost entirely. The problem is, and always has been, that when faced with mass atrocity crimes, the international community is plagued by a near-permanent lack of political will to action.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2018, 3 (47); 553-570
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Toxic Ticking Time-Bomb in the Baltic Sea and Threats to Poland’s Security
Autorzy:
Willa, Rafał
Szpak, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2197901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Baltic Sea
chemical weapons
chemical waste
wrecks
international law
Polska
Opis:
The authors examine the threats from hazardous toxic materials from World War II wrecks sunk in the Baltic Sea and their cargo of chemical ammunition, indicate Poland’s reaction to this situation, and map out Polish obligations in this regard. This problem gives rise to multiple uncertainties about the exact nature of threats to environmental/ecological security, marine security, human security (including health security), economic security and food safety. The authors also elaborate on legal regulations relevant in this context. The research methods include formal-institutional analysis of relevant legal documents and discourse analysis. The main conclusions are: 1. toxic materials in the Baltic Sea threaten ecological, economic, human and security; 2. food safety in all Baltic states might be endangered; Poland should accede to the Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention; and Poland should cooperate regionally to resolve the problem of the Baltic chemical waste.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2023, 1(52); 187-204
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Definition of the Armed Conflict in the Conditions of Cyber Warfare
Autorzy:
Piątkowski, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
armed conflict
international humanitarian law
cyberwarfare
Opis:
The paper is presenting the examination of the cyberwarfare phenomenon in its legal context. The cyberattacks are increasingly effective measures of modern combat and would probably become the most crucial dimension of forthcoming armed conflict. The role of the international humanitarian law is to determine whenever the cyberattack is reaching the threshold of an armed conflict. The aim of the article is to present the existing framework of ius in bello in terms of its temporal scope of applicability, especially in the light of the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare. It supported conclusion that the international law requires an revision of the armed conflict definition to sufficiently addressed the challenges arising from growing cyber activity.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 1 (46); 271-280
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miejsce umów międzynarodowych w porządku prawnym Ukrainy
Place of International Law in the Legal System of Ukraine
Autorzy:
Konovalenko, Tetiana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2074774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international agreement
international law
internal law
treaty
ratification
umowa międzynarodowa
prawo międzynarodowe
prawo wewnętrzne
traktat
ratyfikacja
Opis:
An important factor in shaping the legal system of an independent democratic state is to define the place of its international obligations in the domestic legal system. International law binds states that are bound by its norms governing their cooperation within the international community. Therefore, it is necessary to refer to the problem of the relation of international law to internal law by analyzing the regulations of the Ukrainian legislation and the international conventions concluded by it. The subject of the analysis are the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine of 1996 and the Act on International Agreements of 2004 as well as the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969, to which the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic acceded in 1986 and to which Ukraine is now a party.
Istotnym czynnikiem kształtowania sytemu prawnego niezależnego państwa demokratycznego jest określenie miejsca jego zobowiązań międzynarodowych w krajowym systemie prawnym. Prawo międzynarodowe wiąże państwa, które są zobowiązane do przestrzegania jego norm regulujących ich współpracę w ramach społeczności międzynarodowej. Należy zatem odnieść się do problemu stosunku prawa międzynarodowego do prawa wewnętrznego, poddając analizie uregulowania ustawodawstwa Ukrainy i zawartych przez nią konwencji międzynarodowych. Przedmiotem analizy są przepisy Konstytucji Ukrainy z 1996 r. i ustawy o umowach międzynarodowych Ukrainy z 2004 r. oraz postanowienia Konwencji wiedeńskiej o prawie traktatów z 1969 r., do której w 1986 r. przystąpiła Ukraińska Socjalistyczna Republika-Radziecka i której stroną jest obecnie Ukraina.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 3(67); 213-224
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Реалізація принципу заступництва в міжнародному гуманітарному праві. Особи, що потребують заступництва під час збройних конфліктів
Implementation of the Principle of Advocacy in International Humanitarian Law. Persons in Need of Advocacy during Armed Conflicts
Autorzy:
Сокиринська (Sokyrynska), Оксана (Oksana)
Ковальчук (Kovalchuk), Інна (Inna)
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2185482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
принципи міжнародного права
заступництво
збройний конфлікт
протиборчі сторони
гарантії міжнародного права
комбатанти
principles of international law
intercession
armed conflict
belligerents
guarantees of international law
combatants
Opis:
The article is devoted to the issue of topical issues of implementation and guarantee of the principle of protection of international humanitarian law. Advocacy is seen as protection not from the inevitable violence of war as such, but from arbitrariness caused by one warring party against persons belonging to the other warring party who came under the rule of the former during the war. One of the most important principles of international humanitarian law is that all persons who fall into the power of the enemy have the right to be treated humanely, regardless of their status and previous function or activity. International humanitarian law explicitly authorizes the parties to a conflict to take such control or security measures against persons under their control as may be necessary due to war. The right to protection is absolute and applies not only to persons deprived of their liberty, but also, more broadly, to the inhabitants of the territory under the control of the enemy. For example, the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, we can observe partial or complete disregard for the principle of patronage. If there are problems with the implementation and guarantee of the principles of international humanitarian law, states decide on their interpretation, primarily by international courts (these are special international criminal tribunals organized in connection with specific conflicts, the International Criminal Court and, of course, the International Court of Justice). UN) and tribunals, full-fledged decision-making on cases related to violations of international regulations.
Статтю присвячено розгляду актуальних проблем реалізації та гарантування принципу заступництва міжнародного гуманітарного права. Заступництво розглядаємо як захист не від невідворотного в умовах війни насилля як такого, а від свавілля, що спричинено однією протиборчою стороною щодо осіб, що належать до іншої протиборчої сторони, які під час війни опинилися під владою першої. Один з найважливіших принципів міжнародного гуманітарного права встановлює, що всі особи, які потрапляють у владу ворога, мають право на гуманне поводження незалежно від їхнього статусу та раніше виконуваної функції чи діяльності. Міжнародне гуманітарне право прямо уповноважує сторони конфлікту вжити таких заходів контролю або заходів безпеки щодо осіб, які є під їхньою владою, що може бути необхідним через війну. Право на заступництво є абсолютним і поширюється не лише на осіб, позбавлених волі, але й, ширше, на мешканців території під контролем ворога. На прикладі збройної агресії Російської Федерації щодо України ми можемо спостерігати часткове або повне ігнорування принципу заступництва. За наявності проблем реалізації та гарантування принципів міжнародного гуманітарного права держави вирішують завдання щодо їх трактування, насамперед, міжнародними судовими інстанціями (це спеціальні міжнародні кримінальні трибунали, організовані у зв’язку з конкретними конфліктами, Міжнародний кримінальний суд і, звичайно, Міжнародний суд ООН) і трибуналами, повноцінним винесенням ухвал у справах, пов’язаних з порушеннями міжнародних нормативно-правових актів.
Źródło:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies; 2022, 3; 7-12
2720-6998
Pojawia się w:
Copernicus Political and Legal Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zasada pacta sunt servanda a Konstytucja RP
The principle of pacta sunt servanda and the Polish Constitution
Autorzy:
Brodowski, Lidia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1929031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Zasada pacta sunt servanda
prawo międzynarodowe a prawo krajowe
prawo międzynarodowe a konstytucja
The principle of pacta sunt servanda
international law and national law
international law and the constitution
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę zakresu, roli i miejsca jednej z najważniejszych zasad prawa międzynarodowego zasady pacta sunt servanda w Konstytucji RP. Prezentuje przeciwstawne poglądy przedstawicieli doktryny i stanowisko Autorki w przedmiotowej materii, orzeczenia sądów międzynarodowych i krajowych oraz możliwe rozwiązania ewentualnych kolizji pomiędzy normą prawa wewnętrznego a normą prawa międzynarodowego. Odnosi się także do konsekwencji odmowy wykonania zobowiązania wynikającego z prawa międzynarodowego na skutek przyznania pierwszeństwa i stosowania kolizyjnej w stosunku do niej normy konstytucyjnej oraz kontrowersyjnej na gruncie Konstytucji RP kwestii skuteczności norm prawa zwyczajowego międzynarodowego i zasad ogólnych prawa uznanych przez narody cywilizowane.
The article deals with the range, role and place of one of the most important principles of international law, the principle of pacta sunt servanda in the Polish Constitution. It presents opposing views of the representatives of the doctrine and the author’s position on the subject matter, decisions of international and national courts, and possible solutions to possible collisions between the norm of domestic law and the norm of international law. It also refers to the consequences of refusing to perform an obligation under international law as a result of granting primacy and applying constitutional rule that is contradictory to it and the question of the effectiveness of customary international law norms and general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, which is controversial under the Polish Constitution.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2021, 5 (63); 471-488
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Jednostka wobec rządów prawa
Autorzy:
Sobczak, Witold
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2003762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
human rights
international law
state law
political system
legitimization of political power
rule of law
Opis:
This text focuses on the issue of the functioning of the individual in the state. The main issues analysed in the text are: autonomy and privacy units, the influence of the individual on political decisions, legitimization of political power, the universal protection of human rights. An attempt to answer the question about the scope of the possibility of entering the state into the sphere of human rights, rights of individual.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2017, 22; 51-75
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Current International Situation in the South China Sea the Path to Confrontation?
Autorzy:
Kościelniak, Karol
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032282.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Southeast Asia
South China Sea
territorial disputes
natural resources
international law
Opis:
In recent years, the South China Sea area has become the arena of competition between the countries of Southeast Asia that set up claims to maritime areas and the islands, and, all the more, want to control and exploit what can be found under the seabed, namely the deposits of oil and gas. The situation in the area cannot even be resolved by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 1982). Apart from the resources found in the sea and under the seabed, this body of water is an important shipping route, which makes it a strategically significant area for each of the countries located there, or those whose interests involve the South China Sea. In this work, I describe the current situation in the waters of South China Sea: whether the countries bordering it strive for conflict or just secure their interests. It turns out each of the states will set up demands to the islands on this sea and especially to everything that lives in the sea and is to be found under the seabed. Minor, and also more significant incidents will happen, but it does not seem likely that any serious open conflict between the states of the region will break out in the close future. None of the countries pursues it and they do everything they can to maintain the status quo.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 138-149
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Political and Economic Dimensions of the Dominance of Selected Asian Recycling Yards in the World
Autorzy:
Kamola-Cieślik, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/42939048.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
international law
trade unions
government policy
South Asian countries
ship recycling industry
Opis:
India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have dominated the global ship recycling market in the 21st century. A recycled ship provides steel and other metals for industrial reuse. In addition to economic gains, ship recycling affects the environment and workers’ health. The article compares the changes in the policies of the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan regarding recycling shipyard operations from 2009-2022 in the context of international and EU law standards. It also shows the impact of international organizations, shipbuilding trade unions, Shipbreaking Platform non-governmental, Maersk shipping company, and Norway on the decisions of South Asian countries to make them ratify the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. Analysis of the collected research material allows us to conclude that the governments of India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan have shown varying degrees of understanding of introducing legal regulations for safe ship recycling.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2024, 2(53); 15-30
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rola i znaczenie międzynarodowych rozwiązań prawnych wobec procesów globalizacji
The role and importance of the international legal solutions to global processes
Autorzy:
Lenkiewicz, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/3200651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
globalizacja
ład globalny
organizacje międzynarodowe
partnerstwo
prawo międzynarodowe
globalization
global order
international organizations
partnership
international law
Opis:
Growing international inter dependencies, weakening of internal and external sovereignty of the state and necessity of joint overcoming of problems and global threats reveals the necessity of creating new rules of global order, based not only on nation states, but also on growing number of international organizations and institutions, regional groupings, communities and local organizations. The globalization of political life fosters rise of number of institutions, organizations and international groupings and development of international law. The cooperation between them should respect the rules of equality, freedom, democracy, partnership, solidarity, respect for cultural diversity and environmental protection.
Źródło:
Cywilizacja i Polityka; 2016, 14, 14; 70-80
1732-5641
Pojawia się w:
Cywilizacja i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Emotional Backdrop of Legal Discourses in South China Sea Disputes
Autorzy:
Pomès, Eric
Coicaud, Jean-Marc
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2019086.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
emotions
South China Sea
hegemony
territorial disputes
liberal/illiberal
international law
interpretation
elements exogenous to the law
Opis:
The China Sea connects as many coastal states as it divides due to the economic and strategic challenges it represents. It also embodies an area of confrontations between the Great American and Chinese strategies. Identifying with precision the differences that arise requires an interest in the symbolic dimensions that surround them. This angle of analysis provides an opportunity to observe the functioning of international law and inevitably leads to a discussion of the emerging international order. The literature on the situation in the China Sea abounds. The paper’s singularity is to approach it under the prism of international law as revealing the psychology of an actor. To carry out this research, the authors use a pragmatic and critical approach to international law. The thesis defended shows that, contrary to a positivist and judicial approach to international law, elements exogenous to the law, the history, and the psychology of an actor, influence the interpretation of existing norms.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 1 (50); 25-42
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 39

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