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Tytuł:
Argumentation of the Court of Strasbourg’s Jurisprudence regarding the discrimination against Roma
Orzecznictwo Trybunału w Strasburgu w sprawach związanych z dyskryminacją Romów
Autorzy:
del Llano, Cristina Hermida
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/941007.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Human Rights, Discrimination, Roma People, Jurisprudence, European Court
of Human Rights
Opis:
While the Court has, to some degree, started to protect against discrimination based on birth or nationality, the protection against discrimination on the basis of race until 2005 has been very poor and dubious. Upon reviewing the case law of the ECHR, we find that since the case “Relating to certain aspects of the laws on the use of language in education in Belgium” v. Belgium in 1968, the Court has decided to opt in favor of the original English version of art. 14, which underscores that the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms must be assured “without discrimination” and defends the concept that equality should be interpreted as non-discrimination, while clarifying that this disposition does not prohibit preferential treatment, such that, in the eyes of the Court, this principle is only violated when preferential treatment implies “a discriminatory treatment”, so the task for us is to determine in detail when the two are correlated. The cited decision is an essential reference as it provides the pointers needed to discern whether or not a violation of art. 14 exists, as in a “test” of equality that entails: (1) whether the distinction in treatment lacks objective justification; (2) whether the difference in treatment results in conformity with the objective of the effects of the measure examined attendant to the principles that generally prevail in democratic societies; (3) whether there exists a reasonable relationship between the means used and the end sought. Despite this interpretational recognition of art. 14, if we analyze in detail the Court’s jurisprudence, how the Court has approached the topic of discrimination on the basis of racial or ethnic origin is somewhat disappointing. The fact that during decades plaintiffs were required to provide proof beyond the shadow of a doubt has restricted the Court’s influence on discriminatory actions based on race or ethnicity; for this reason, it is not unexpected that in time critical dissidence arose, even within the Court itself. A good example of this is given by Judge Bonello in the decision Anguelova vs Bulgaria (2002). Here we analyze how the jurisprudence of the Court of Strasbourg has evolved in the context of discrimination against Roma, so as to ascertain the challenges that remain in this area.
Przeciwdziałanie dyskryminacji ze względu na urodzenie lub przynależność państwową, a także ochrona dyskryminacją ze względu na rasę, były ściśle związane z początkami działalności Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka, jednak do 2005 r. ochrona w tym zakresie była stosunkowo słaba. Praktykę ukształtowało m.in. orzeczenie ETPCz w sprawie „Relating to certain aspects of the laws on the use of language in education in Belgium” v. Belgia z 1968 r.(1 EHRR 252), w którym trybunał stwierdził, że korzystanie z praw i wolności musi być zapewnione bez dyskryminacji, równość należy interpretować jako niedyskryminację, wyjaśniając, że nie oznacza to zakazu preferencyjnego traktowania. Cytowana decyzja jest istotna dla stosowania art. 14 Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka, co nie oznacza, że nie jest kwestionowana. Dobrym tego przykładem jest decyzja Anguelova vs Bułgaria (2002).
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2015, 6 (28); 11-38
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Civic Education for Human Rights
Autorzy:
Wiatr, Jerzy J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
civic education
democracy
human rights
Opis:
The success of democracy depends on the formation of the social capital conducive to the maintenance of democratic patterns of behavior. Civic education is the most important instrument of the formation of such social capital and is, therefore, an essential responsibility of the democratic state. The concept of social capital, introduced in the social science theory by such authors as Pierre Bourdieu (1984) and James Coleman (1988), implies that the quality of democracy depends on the relations between citizens, particularly on the acceptance of such values as trust in others and willingness to accept them as equals. Consequently, the way in which human rights are perceived in a society has profound importance for the quality of political life and constitutes the crucial component of democratic political culture.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 91-99
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Court of Human Rights on Nazi and Soviet Past in Central and Eastern Europe
Autorzy:
Gliszczyńska–Grabias, Aleksandra
Baranowska, Grażyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594414.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
ECtHR
European Court of Human Rights
ECHR
European Convention on Human Rights
memory laws
Opis:
The article demonstrates how references to Nazi and Soviet past are perceived and evaluated by the European Court of Human Rights. Individual cases concerning Holocaust and Nazism, which the Court has examined so far, are compared here to judgments rendered with regard to Communist regime. The article proves that the Court treats more leniently state interference with freedom of expression when memory about Nazism and Holocaust is protected than when a post–Communist state wants to preserve a critical memory about the regime. The authors of the article agree with the attitude of the Court which offers a wide margin of appreciation to states restrictively treating references to Nazism and Holocaust, including comparisons to the Holocaust, Nazism or fascism used as rhetorical devices. At the same time they postulate that other totalitarian systems should be treated by the Court equally.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2016, 45; 117-129
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich i jego aktywność podczas pandemii COVID-19 (wybrane problemy)
Ombudsman and His Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Selected Issues)
Autorzy:
Radek, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2162175.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich
pandemia
prawa obywatelskie
koronawirus
Commissioner for Human Rights
pandemic
human rights
coronavirus
Opis:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. The experience to date allows us to conclude the activities of the ombudsman institution and the problems of a social, political and legal nature generated in the state by various regulations aimed at eliminating the virus itself and the consequences of its occurrence. The aim of this article is to draw attention to selected problems related to the specificity of the activities of state institutions in the event of a threat to the health safety of Poles, as well as activities undertaken in the area of administration, health protection and economic activity. The author tries to show that the Ombudsman intensified efforts to protect civil rights during the pandemic and pointed to its critical problems.
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie działalności Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich podczas pandemii COVID-19 w Polsce. Dotychczasowe doświadczenia powalają wyciągać wnioski co do działalności instytucji ombudsmana i problemów o charakterze społecznym, politycznym i prawnym, jakie wygenerowały w państwie różne regulacje zmierzające do eliminacji samego wirusa, jak i skutków jego występowania. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na wybrane problemy związane ze specyfiką działalności instytucji państwowych, w sytuacji zagrożenia bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego Polaków, a także działania podejmowane w obszarze administracji, ochrony zdrowia i działalności gospodarczej. Autor stara się wykazać, że Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich podejmował zintensyfikowane wysiłki na rzecz ochrony praw obywatelskich w okresie pandemii i wskazywał na kluczowe problemy z tym związane.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2022, 6(70); 35-49
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Europeanisation and Internationalisation of LGBT Rights in Poland
Autorzy:
Jartyś, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Europeisation
human rights
internationalisation
LGBT
Polska
Opis:
The development of the civil society in Poland post-1989 has put the LGBT movement on the map of the country’s social landscape. As a corollary, it has also led to a greater social engagement of the non-heterosexual community striving for recognition of its demands. The establishment of the Campaign Against Homophobia (KPH) and the spread of the Internet in Poland have raised the Polish society’s awareness of the LGBT movement and made it part of the country’s political discourse. On the other hand, the perceived threat to the established conservative values of the Polish society has galvanised the opponents of the non-heterosexual community and its demands. The resulting dispute between the supporters and opponents of the LGBT movement and its professed ideas has placed the issue on the agenda of the Polish political parties.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2015, 6; 9-19
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Idea równości kobiet w kontekście praw człowieka oraz polityki równościowej polskich ugrupowań politycznych
The idea of women’s equality in the context of human rights and equality policies of Polish political groups
Autorzy:
Zawadzka, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38185678.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
equality
human rights
political parties
women
Opis:
This article analyzes the idea of women’s equality in the perspective of human rights. Starting from the definitional formulation of human rights, through the inclusion of women’s rights to human rights, the legal and social aspects of equality has been indicated and human rights, in the context of the socio-political situation of women in Poland, has been presented. The main research question is whether women’s equality is achieved and to what extent. Are we talking about a practical dimension (implemented) or only a declarative one? To answer this key question, the programs of political groups in Poland and their equality policy were subjected to a comparative analysis. For the purpose of the research, the programs of those groups that obtained parliamentary mandates in the 2019 elections, i.e., Law and Justice, Civic Coalition, and Polish People’s Party, were analysed.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2024, 1(41); 45-62
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Więzienia CIA w Polsce i manipulacje wokół nich
Autorzy:
Składanowski, Henryk
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2011135.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
prisons
CIA
Polska
Al-Kaida
European Court of Human Rights
The European Convention on Human Rights
Opis:
The analysis of the materials show that the CIA prisons, where the members of Al-Kaida were kept and interrogated, were founded in Poland in 2002 when the country was governed by SLD. The PiS politicians who were in the following government knew about the fact but did not want to reveal it to the public. The party of PO which has been governing the country since 2007 has not solved the problem yet. European Court Of Human Rights held in its verdict of 24 July 2014 that there had been the CIA prisons in our country. According to that verdict Poland violated the European Convention on Human Rights and its ban on torture. Poland has not solved the problem, prolonging the investigation 15 times. It is extended until 11 April 2015. On 23 October 2014 our country appealed to European Court of Human Rights to hear the case again.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie; 2015, 20; 49-86
1643-6911
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Political, social and legal transformation of human rights relating to non-heteronormative men in Germany
Autorzy:
Zamana, Jakub
Jartyś, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031499.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Germany
human rights
Paragraph 175
European Union
Opis:
In the article below the authors analyse the political, social and legal revaluations of human rights relating to non-heteronormative men in Germany, from the rise of the German Empire (Zweites Reich) till contemporary times. What is important is not only a change in the mentality of the German society throughout the last hundred years, but also the fact that the legal system of the Federal Republic of Germany (Deutsche Bundesrepublik, BRD) was using a provision that had been created during the Nazi dictatorship and applied it to its own citizens. The authors of this article demonstrate that the social changes in the BRD in the second half of the 20th century were much faster than the amendment of the legal system; what is more, the BRD has not faced its Nazi past, failing to atone to homosexual men who had been persecuted on the basis of a Nazi legal provision, inherited and applied by a democratic state.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2017, 8; 176-190
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
DISCRIMINATION, DEMOCRACY, AND POSTMODERN HUMAN RIGHTS
Autorzy:
Wypych, Bartosz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
discrimination
human rights
democracy
post-modern society
Opis:
The question of discrimination, as far as it is considered in the field of philosophy, cannot be perceived as a problem which can be effectively combated. Even the most precise diagnosis of human nature will not restrain people from defining others as evil and inferior. The most universal and spacious conventions, declarations, cards or bills will not solve the problem either. They can be regarded as an example of applied philosophy at most. On the other hand, we should pose the question what the world would look like if political pragmatism were the main obligatory rule. Thus, the situation finds us between philosophical wishful thinking about a global order free from discrimination and macro – or micropolitical pragmatism.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 163-184
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szariat a prawa człowieka w Acehu
Sharia law and human rigts in Aceh
Autorzy:
Bielawski, Kornel
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11236646.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
szariat
Aceh
prawa człowieka
Shariah
human rights
Opis:
The Indonesian province of Aceh is considered to be the „gateway to Mecca”, as first Arab traders arrived there and in a peaceful way convinced Acehnese to adopt Islam as their religion. Many years of civil war and social consequences of tsunami in December 2004 meant that Aceh began to radicalize religiously. Implemented in the early twenty-first century Shariah law initially appeared to be tolerant, liberal version of Islam, but after 2004 it turned out to be completely different. Non-governmental organizations have begun to alarm about increasing cases of human rights violations in Aceh, as a direct consequence of the introduction of Shariah.
Źródło:
Cywilizacja i Polityka; 2015, 13; 210-218
1732-5641
Pojawia się w:
Cywilizacja i Polityka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Comparing Human Rights in Europe and Oceania. The 9th International Conference of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Systems of Protection of Human Rights in Europe and in Australia & Oceania. Warsaw, (April 24-25, 2017), Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce and the Polish Parliamentary Association.
Autorzy:
Siekiera, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594709.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
human rights
Europe
Australia
Oceania
Pacific
Sejm
Opis:
The paper reports the ninth International Conference of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland Systems of Protection of Human Rights in Europe and in Australia & Oceania; Universal’s Context – Regional’s Specific – Implementations’ Conditioning which took place in Warsaw on April 24-25, 2017. It was organised on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Rome Treaties, 25th anniversary of signing the Treaty of European Union and 30th anniversary of establishment of the Australian Human Rights Commission. Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce along with the Polish Parliamentary Association gathered academics, politicians, diplomats and lawyers to discuss human rights in Europe and Oceania.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2017, 1 (46); 337-340
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Respecting European Standards Concerning Human Rights of LGBT People in Poland and in the Russian Federation. A Comparative Analysis
Autorzy:
Jartyś, Janusz
Orzechowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031540.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Polska
the Russian Federation
human rights
LGBT
Opis:
The LGBT rights are one of the most crucial aspects of a social and political discourse in Poland and in the Russian Federation. Although in both countries there is a different system of power, and, what follows, human rights and their realization are perceived in a different way, in these two states the right of LGBT people become an instrument of politics. In the following article the authors present a comparative analysis of the way in which the rights of LGBT people are perceived in Poland and in the Russian Federation. They will depict the similarities and differences between these two countries which result from historical conditions, and will provide an analysis of the current perception of non-heterosexual people in Poland and in Russia.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2016, 7; 56-67
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trzy Deklaracje praw człowieka i obywatela – zmienne pryncypia Wielkiej Rewolucji Francuskiej
Autorzy:
Filipiak, Zbigniew
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1996758.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
France
revolution
Declarations of Rights
human rights
Constitution
democracy
Opis:
One of the symbols of the Great French Revolution was the Declarations of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen-a document adopted by the National Constituent Assembly on August 26, 1789, collecting fundamental rights and the constitutional principles of a democratic state. It later became a lofty introduction to the 1791 constitution. The French had yet to receive two declarations, attached to the following basic acts-from 1793 and 1795. Their content was different, and even when some of their rights were repeated, they often differed in their approach, which indicated the changing ruling teams, their political programs, and their social background. In addition to indicating the differences between the three declarations, the article shows in particular the inspirations of the first (most important) of them-basically the influence of the Enlightenment thought and the declaration of the laws of the states of North America. The author draws attention to the differences between the American and French approaches to human rights. Despite the fact that after 1795 no further declaration of rights was ever made in France, the achievements of the Great French Revolution, and especially the 1789 document, remain today a point of reference for democrats in France and all over the world.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2017, 3(117); 74-91
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Potencjalna ofiara naruszeń praw człowieka na tle systemu ochrony Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka
Potential Victim of Human Rights Violations on the Background of the Protection System of the European Convention on Human Rights
Autorzy:
Kuna, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/32078041.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-04-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka
prawa człowieka
ofiara
Trybunał Konstytucyjny
Europejska Konwencja Praw Człowieka
potencjalna ofiara
human rights
victim
European Court of Human Rights
European Convention on Human Rights
potenial victim
Opis:
The article’s purpose is to present the concept of a potential victim of violations of the rights and freedoms of the European Convention on Human Rights. A group of complainants is treated as a victim, even though the violation affects society. The qualification of complainants as victims of human rights violations can be treated as the creation of European human rights law. The role of the Court is to apply the so-called ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors, which cannot only effectively contribute to the implementation of the principles of the ECtHR. The article addresses the problem of the assumptions of the living instrument doctrine and the interpretation of the law currently associated with the active activity of judges (judge-made law). The concept of the potential victim of human rights violations represents an opportunity for the postulated expansion of the catalog of fundamental rights.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji potencjalnej ofiary naruszeń praw i wolności Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka oraz skutków dopuszczalności tych skarg w perspektywie katalogu praw podstawowych. W pracy scharakteryzowane zostały warunki dopuszczalności skargi, zwłaszcza nadanie statusu ofiary. Coraz częściej wpływają skargi obywateli, którym nadaje się status potencjalnych ofiar naruszeń praw człowieka. Grupa skarżących jest traktowany jako ofiara, mimo że naruszenie dotyczy na przykład całego społeczeństwa. Kwalifikacja skarżących jako ofiary naruszeń praw człowieka może zostać potraktowane jako tworzenie prawa europejskiej ochrony praw człowieka. Rolą Trybunału jest między innymi stosowanie tzw. ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors, które mogą nie tylko skutecznie przyczyniać się do realizacji zasad funkcjonowania ETPC. W artykule poruszono również problem założeń doktryny living instrument oraz interpretacji prawa wiążącej się obecnie z aktywną działalnością sędziów (judge-made law). Koncepcja potencjalnej ofiary naruszeń praw człowieka to nowa instytucja, stanowiąca szansę na postulowaną rozbudowę katalogu praw podstawowych.
Źródło:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego; 2024, 2(78); 149-160
2082-1212
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Chiny a prawa człowieka
China and human rights
Autorzy:
Tomala, Karin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035760.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
prawa człowieka w Chinach
human rights in China
Opis:
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in San Francisco stressed that human rights are indivisible and inalienable and that human dignity is inviolable. However, it continues to be a controversy over how human dignity can be manifested. In the Chinese history of ideas no evidence can be found to support the thesis that inalienable human rights stem from human nature. Since the 1970s human rights have been a subject of discussion in China. Previously, the human rights notion was characterized as an imperialist institution. While the western countries see in personal dignity consistency with the development of democracy and pluralism, China maintains that it is providing the conditions for existence that creates the universal dignity of human beings. Priority is given to the people’s rights to existence, development and well-being, which means that the most important thing is to provide the population with food, clothing and shelter. Human rights in China is one of the most explosive political themes in debates between the West and China. The more China opens up, the more political, economic and cultural contacts will be created, improving the prospects for democratisation and human rights situation in China.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 1998, I; 53-65
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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