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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 53
Tytuł:
Trade Flows Between the European Union and the Eastern Partnership Countries: Dynamics and Prospects
Торговые потоки между Европейским Союзом и странами Восточного партнерства: динамика и перспективы
Autorzy:
Grodzicki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2176724.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Eastern Partnership (EaP)
European Union (EU)
exports
imports
trade
Восточное партнерство (ВП)
Европейский Союз (ЕС)
экспорт
импорт
торговля
Opis:
The Eastern Partnership is a part of the European Neighbourhood Policy focusing on the EU’s Eastern neighbours. Its main objective is to deepen the political and economic integration of the EU with six countries in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. The aim of this paper is to assess the development of EU trade relations with Eastern Partnership Countries from 2002 to 2021 and to indicate its prospects. The results show that the EU is in a group of main trading partners of the Eastern Partnership countries. The EU noticed both: a trade surplus with Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine and Armenia (except in 2005); and a trade deficit with Azerbaijan. The volumes of imports and exports had increased over the years which also led to better economic integration with the EU. However, the future EU-Eastern Partnership trade characteristics and dynamics remain unknown due to the Russian invasion on Ukraine that caused troubles in trade flows in Ukraine and economic sanctions on Russia and Belarus.
Восточное партнерство является частью Европейской политики соседства, ориентированной на восточных соседей ЕС. Его основной целью является углубление политической и экономической интеграции ЕС с шестью странами Восточной Европы и Южного Кавказа: Арменией, Азербайджаном, Беларусью, Грузией, Молдовой и Украиной. Целью данной статьи является оценка развития торговых отношений ЕС со странами Восточного партнерства с 2002 по 2021 год и обозначение его перспектив. Результаты показывают, что ЕС входит в группу основных торговых партнеров стран Восточного партнерства. ЕС заметил и то, и другое: положительное сальдо торгового баланса с Беларусью, Грузией, Молдовой, Украиной и Арменией (кроме 2005 г.); и торговый дефицит с Азербайджаном. Объемы импорта и экспорта с годами увеличились, что также привело к лучшей экономической интеграции с ЕС. Однако будущие торговые характеристики и динамика ЕС-Восточного партнерства остаются неизвестными из-за российского вторжения в Украину, которое вызвало проблемы с торговыми потоками в Украине, и экономических санкций против России и Беларуси.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2022, 4(35); 145-160
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Intra-Regional Cooperation in Eastern Dimension of the European Neighborhood Policy: Challenges and Opportunities
Autorzy:
Grącik-Zajączkowski, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031541.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Union (EU)
Eastern Partnership (EaP)
European Neighborhood Policy (ENP)
Southern Caucasus
Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas (DCFTA)
Opis:
The Eastern Partnership was established by the EU in 2009 as a new institutional framework for building cooperation between the EU and six countries from Eastern Europe and Southern Caucasus (i.e Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) as well as between the partner-countries themselves. The initiative was based on commitment to fundamental values such as democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights, market economy rules, sustainable development and good governance. The idea of how to treat the countries left after the downfall of the Soviet Union was one of the biggest challenge for the EU’s foreign policy. After the admission of Central European Countries to the EU in 2004 and 2007 the Union decided to launch a program which would provide the Eastern neighbors with an alternative to membership a set of incentives for engaging in economic, social and political reforms. The EU decided to promote regional cooperation under the Eastern Partnership instead of bringing the countries closer to the accession formula. The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the problem of cooperation between the Eastern partners. Major question is whether the initiative has contributed to enhancing of cooperation among the partners and if it has what tangible progress has it brought to the benefit of the whole European Neighborhood Policy.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2016, 7; 26-39
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
What Rule of Law for the European Union? – Tracing the Approaches of the EU Institutions
Autorzy:
Maliszewska-Nienartowicz, Justyna
Kleinowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
formal and substantive approaches to the rule of law
the EU rule of law
ASJM case
‚A new EU Framework to strengthen the Rule of Law’
Les Verts case
Opis:
Although the rule of law is a normative notion, it requires a multidimensional approach. It speaks to important issues of law and politics, and its respect is essential for both legal and social security. It can be observed within the European Union (EU) where the issue of respect for the rule of law by its Member States has gained particular importance. The main goal of our study is to contribute to the academic discourse concerning the EU rule of law. The analysis particularly considers the approaches adopted by the EU institutions to the definition of this concept. Consequently, the first part of the article concentrates on difficulties in defining the rule of law. The second part presents the evolution of the Court of Justice approach toward this concept. The next part contains the analysis of the attitudes presented by other EU institutions in their documents. In the conclusions, it is underlined that although the approaches of the EU institutions towards the rule of have evolved, and they have tried to define it and indicate its main components, certain issues require clarification, e.g., the relations of the rule of law with other values.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2021, 4 (50); 19-32
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Transactionalism in India’s Foreign Policy, Case Study: India-European Union Relations
Autorzy:
Jaskólska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/31343153.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
India
EU
foreign policy
FTA
transactionalism
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to analyze the dominant role of transactional drivers in India’s foreign policy towards the European Union (EU). The article hypothesizes that India is trying to use its relationship with the EU in primarily transactional ways to achieve its own foreign and economic policy goals rather than to advance shared norms and values as democratic powers. Those goals include (i) leveraging its global image and reputation as a trusted and credible international partner, (ii) gaining greater regional and global influence, (iii) attracting foreign investment and boosting Indian exports. The article begins by explaining the concept of transactionalism in foreign policies. Secondly, it identifies the main drivers of India-EU relations with a special focus on (i) the concept of non-alignment and strategic autonomy in India’s foreign policy, (ii) common norms and values shared by India and the EU, (iii) economic cooperation between India and the EU. Thirdly, it assesses the transactional dimensions of the drivers of Indian foreign policy toward the EU discussed in the preceding sections. Finally, it evaluates the significance of India’s attempts to use its relations with the EU to achieve its own foreign and economic policy goals, including with respect to the implications for the EU’s efforts to project itself as a normative power in relations with India.
Źródło:
Azja-Pacyfik; 2023, XXVII; 31-54
1643-692X
Pojawia się w:
Azja-Pacyfik
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BRITAIN’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autorzy:
Ronek, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594845.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Communities
European Union
United Kingdom
Great Britain
UK in the EU
Opis:
One of the most important factors affecting British politics is its membership to the European Communities (EC) and later the European Union (EU), which has already had massive implications for this country. The relationship between Britain and Europe has always been problematic. In Britain there has been little enthusiasm for European integration per se, and equally little understanding of the enthusiasm felt on the continent. Europe has been seen as a menace rather than an opportunity and very few British politicians have attempted to argue (as is commonplace on the continent) about monetary union, for instance, it is the only way of regaining control over financial policy. The European idea of pursuing economic integration as a means to political union has also been met with blank incomprehension, if not outright hostility. Britain has always been attempting to slow down the process of integration and, consequently, has often fallen behind and had no choice but to catch up. However, the portrayal of Britain as a “difficult partner” or “laggard leader” in European affairs is only partly justified. Based on its specific understanding of national sovereignty, Britain has developed a much more pragmatic and instrumental approach towards Europe than most of its partners on the continent.3Nevertheless, the country was a strong driving force in favor of integration in many crucial policy fields like the single market or trade policy. According to Alan Milward, the process of European integration entails “pooling” the sovereignty in order to protect national interests and extend national governments’ control of their own destinies. In Britain, contrary to the continent, national interests dictated a different line and it was only when exclusion from the Communities appeared to threaten them that the then British government began to accept the need for membership. The very different motivation behind British entry ensured that the British aims inside the Communities would be limited or “defensive”. The most controversial aspect of Britain’s membership of the EC has always related to “erosion” of its sovereignty.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2013, 42; 218-243
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Euroazjatycka Wspólnota Gospodarcza i Szanghajska Organizacja Współpracy jako alternatywa dla Turcji wobec braku członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Burak, Ahmet
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/568834.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Turkey
European Union
EU membership
alternatives
Eurasian Union
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Турция
Европейский Союз
членство в ЕС
альтернативы
Евразийский Союз
Шанхайская Организация
Сотрудничества
Opis:
Turkey formally applied for membership in the European Union (EU) on April 14, 1987, but it took 12 years to get candidate status at the Helsinki summit of 1999. The year 2014 brought no breakthrough in the negotiations between the EU and Turkey. Public opinion polls show that many Turkish citizens have no hope of joining the EU. Waiting too long for membership in the EU is causing a lot of controversy in Turkey and is one of the most frequently raised issues in the political discourse. In the last three years, the Turkish political class and socjety became more and more sympathetic to perceived integration initiatives in the Eastern direction. Turkey has opened a new road in the form of accession to the Eurasian Union and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. What will happen if Turkey will support its way in this direction? How long can Turkey wait for admission to the EU? Where would it be better for Turkey? The Eastern Alliance or the Western?
Турция формально подала заявление на вступление в Европейский Союз (ЕС) 14 апреля 1987, но понадобилось 12 лет, чтобы получить статус кандидата на саммите Хельсинки 1999-го года. 2014 год не принес никакого прорыва в переговорах, проводимых между ЕС и Турцией. Опросы обще ственного мнения показывают, что многие турецкие граждане уже не имеют надежды на вступление в ЕС. Слишком долгое ожидание на вступление в ЕС вызывает много споров в Турции и является одной из наиболее часто поднимаемых вопросов в политическом дискурсе. В течение последних трех лет часть турецкого политического класса и общества стала все более и более благосклонно воспринимать инициативы интеграции в восточном направлении. Для Турции открылась новая дорога в форме присоединения к Евразийскому Союзу и Шанхайской Организации Сотрудничества. Что будет если Турция будет поддерживать свой путь в этом направлении? Сколько еще Турция может ждать приема в ЕС? Где лучше было бы Турции в восточном альянса или западном?
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2015, 2(9); 56-65
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Union’s Economic Development Strategy and Cooperation with the Countries of Central Asia
Стратегия экономического развития Европейского Союза и сотрудничество со странами Центральной Азии
Autorzy:
Bharti, Mukesh Shankar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15842558.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-03-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
EU
Central Asia
Economy
Development
Strategic Cooperation
Geopolitics
ЕС
Центральная Азия
Экономика
Развитие
Стратегическое сотрудничество
Геополитика
Opis:
The purpose of this study is to analyse the European Union (EU) economic and development cooperation in Central Asia. EU’s economic support to Central Asian countries strengthens its position in this region. Central Asia is a key strategic area for cooperation and the EU seems to have deeper engagement. Moreover, this research highlights the EU’s strategic gear up with Central Asian countries from 2007 to till now. Since the EU launched the Central Asia Strategy in 2007, the objective of this policy is to provide development assistance and establish diplomatic channels in the region. The following research questions rely on, why is Central Asia important to the EU and how does it shape relations with Central Asian countries? And this study relies on qualitative analysis that will be used in this research which addresses the main research problems. Further, the study uses the empirical approach to justify answers to the questions and identify the research outcomes.
Целью данного исследования является анализ экономического сотрудничества и развития Европейского Союза (ЕС) в Центральной Азии. Экономическая поддержка ЕС странам Центральной Азии укрепляет его позиции в этом регионе. Центральная Азия является ключевой стратегической областью сотрудничества, и ЕС, похоже, более активно участвует в этом процессе. Кроме того, это исследование подчеркивает стратегическое сотрудничество ЕС со странами Центральной Азии с 2007 года по настоящее время. Поскольку в 2007 году ЕС запустил Стратегию по Центральной Азии, целью этой политики является оказание помощи в целях развития и установление дипломатических каналов в регионе. Следующие вопросы исследования основаны на том, почему Центральная Азия важна для ЕС и как она влияет на отношения со странами Центральной Азии? И это исследование основано на качественном анализе, который будет использоваться в этом исследовании, направленном на решение основных проблем исследования. Кроме того, в исследовании используется эмпирический подход для обоснования ответов на вопросы и определения результатов исследования. В результате ЕС имеет значительный объем торговли и инвестиций со странами Центральной Азии и нуждается в дальнейшем ускорении своего партнерства в этом регионе.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2023, 1(36); 220-244
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Turkeys European Aspirations to the EU
Autorzy:
Stankiewicz, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2028493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Turkey
European Union
European identity
international relations
Opis:
European Union is nowadays facing one of its biggest challenges and opportunities since its foundation. An answer, which will be sent to Turkey, will bring overwhelming repercussions in wide and large Muslim world. e far-sight approach of European Council can open new stage in evolution of European identity. The European Union’s aim is a safe, secure and wealthy continent, capable to peacefully cooperate with other states.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2007, 36; 114-133
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European Parliament Position on EU Cyber Security and Defense Policy
Autorzy:
Staszczyk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
cyber security
cyber defense
European Parliament
European Union
Opis:
Ensuring cyber security in scope of cyber defense is currently among the top priorities of the EU Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). Matters included in scope of cyber defense are a competence of the Member States and cooperation at EU level in this area is governed by decisions of the EU Council based on unanimity. This means that the European Parliament (EP) in the field of cyber defens acts only as an opinion-forming body expressing its position through the adoption of non-legislative resolutions. The aim of the article is to analyze the content of these resolutions and present the EP’s opinion on the challenges facing the EU in the field of cyber defense. It should be stressed that the EP is the EU body that strongly emphasizes the need for a common EU approach to these issues. Given that the area of cyber defence is subject to intergovernmental cooperation mechanisms, the EP considers that the EU needs to develop not only cooperation and coordination mechanisms at the level of its institutions, but also to take action to enhance the EU’s capability to counter cyber threats. These significant cyber defense capabilities should be essential elements of the CSDP and of the development of the European Defense Union, as it is becoming increasingly difficult to counter cyber attacks for the Member State level alone. The role of the CSDP should be to ensure that the EU, in cooperation with NATO, has an autonomous strategic capability to act in the field of cyber defense.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2019, 10; 122-133
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Relations between European Parliament with the national parliaments of the EU member states
Autorzy:
Marszałek-Kawa, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2026865.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
national parliaments
European Parliament
European Union
Opis:
According to Montesquieu tripartite system, formed in the European constitutionalism, the organs of authority, in a democratic state, affect each other in an inhibitory way, balancing mutually. Traditionally, it is understood that the executive power is performed by the Head of State (monarch, president) and government, legislative power belongs to the parliament, whereas the judicial power is exercised by independent courts. Analyzing the political reality of member states it is necessary to note, that the executive participates in the national legislative processes more actively, for example, through executing constitutionally granted right of legislative initiative (usually together with deputies), by issuing acts with the power of law, or incorporating Community directives into the internal legal order.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2010, 39; 45-71
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND EU FUNDS ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE ACCESSION OF POLAND TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Autorzy:
Rdzanek, Dorota
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/594482.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Common Agricultural Policy
Agriculture
the European Union
Opis:
The basic function of agricultural areas is, according to the European Charter for Rural Areas, agriculture and preservation of the natural environment based on a well-functioning agricultural sector that operates in harmony with nature. The Council Regulation (EC) 1257/1999 on support for rural development from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee was adopted in 1999. The programmes that are currently binding in the territory of Poland were developed in accordance with the EU policy expressed in the abovementioned acts and other documents concerning development of rural areas. These included: the Rural Development Programme that focused on social and environmental aspects, as well as a part of the Sectoral Operational Programme devoted to the development of rural areas, as well as restructuring and modernization of the food sector. Based on the priorities of the Council regulation, two strategic objectives have been set: 1) Improvement of competitiveness of the agriculture and food economy, 2) Sustainable development of rural areas. Implementation of these objectives requires the support of the Common Agricultural Policy. Polish European Union membership contributed to setting its objectives and increasing the ability to subsidise economic entities, as well as develop both the food and rural areas economy.
Źródło:
Polish Political Science Yearbook; 2014, 43; 298-310
0208-7375
Pojawia się w:
Polish Political Science Yearbook
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Parliament in view of the development of the EU Security and Defence Policy after the Lisbon Treaty
Autorzy:
Staszczyk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1963321.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Parliament
security
defence
European Union
Opis:
This article analyses the position of the European Parliament on the priorities for the development of the EU Common Security and Defence Policy. The issues covered by this policy after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty remained the domain of intergovernmental cooperation mechanisms. Despite the changes made to the Lisbon Treaty to unify the Union’s external relations by removing its pillars and expanding CSDP tasks, the role of the EP in its creation has not increased in line with its expectations. In accordance with the provisions of the TEU, decisions on the operation of the CSDP shall be adopted by the Council, acting unanimously on a proposal from the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy or from a Member State. As a result of such Treaty arrangements, the EP is unable to play such a role in the area of CSDP that would correspond to the importance of this body in the EU’s institutional system. Therefore, the main instrument for the implementation of the EP policy in the area of CSDP remain resolutions in which this body calls for the inclusion of transnational cooperation mechanisms in it. By expressing its position in resolutions, the EP advocates for the development of a strong, unified CSDP based on defined European security interests, as well as the development of a pan-European approach to the issues covered by this policy.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2018, 9; 123-136
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Position of European Parliament in Relation to the Association Process of the South Caucasus Countries with the EU
Autorzy:
Staszczyk, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2032371.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
European Parliament
European Union foreign policy
South Caucasus region
association agreements
Opis:
This article analyses the position of European Parliament (EP) in the question of the lasting from 2010 association process of the South Caucasus countries with the EU. The process is aimed at the establishment of close, extensive political and economic cooperation of the countries with the EU. The author stresses the importance attached by EP to the association negotiations, which according to the Parliament should have a crucial impact on the democratization process in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia. It should be underlined that the development of democracy in those EU’s partner countries is of special interest to EP, which in recognition of their geopolitical importance with its numerous resolutions requires making closer relations with them and even providing the countries with a potential European perspective (Georgia). However the more extensive cooperation of the EU with the countries is made dependent by EP on the incorporation by Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia of the values defined as European (democracy, rule of law, protection of human rights etc.). That is why so important for EP are the questions of human rights observance, observance of the rules of democracy and law, including transparency and fairness of the processes in the countries. In case of violating rules constituting foundations for democratic and lawful country’s functioning, EP responds in a determined way and usually takes un unambiguous stand quite often contrasting with more “weighted” opinions of other Union institutions.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2013, 4; 208-221
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and EU member states on labor migration: current status and prospects for development
Autorzy:
Savytskyi, Valentyn
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1933376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
labor migration
European Union
bilateral agreements
EU member states
employment of foreigners
Opis:
The article reveals the issues of modern bilateral legal regulation of labor migration between Ukraine and EU member states. Bilateral cooperation can be considered the most effective, because it takes into account the actual problems between the participants and is focused on specific subjects. The existing agreements are analyzed, their common and distinctive features are singled out, and the advantages and disadvantages of such agreements are revealed. The author substantiates the conclusion in the article that the Association Agreement does not grant Ukrainian citizens the right to free employment on the territory of EU member states and to free movement within the EU for this purpose. Nothing in the Association Agreement can be interpreted as such that acts as a basis for free employment of Ukrainian citizens. The author has analyzed the agreements that are currently in force with the member states of the European Union, and based on this analysis, he derived the author’s classification, which divides the agreements according to their key characteristics. According to the criterion, author distinguished four types of agreements: cooperation agreements (Belgium); migration flow management agreements (Spain); agreements on mutual employment of citizens and labor activity (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic); temporary migration agreements (Portugal). The shortcomings of the relevant agreements and ways to improve the future content of such agreements have been identified. The author established interrelation between the agreements concluded in the same period and also allocated the questions which should be fixed in the future bilateral agreements. The article argues that international treaties governing the protection of the rights of migrant workers and employment regulate the basic procedural issues of employment of foreigners in their territory, the requirements for them, as well as the rights he is granted if such requirements are met. The author also identifi es ways to develop bilateral cooperation between Ukraine and EU member states, paying special attention to the following areas: development of the international legal framework with the member states of the Union; institutional cooperation; implementation of international and European norms and standards.
Źródło:
Reality of Politics; 2021, 16; 119-133
2082-3959
Pojawia się w:
Reality of Politics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU Agencification? A New Framework for the Functioning of Decentralized Agencies of the European Union
Agencyfikacja UE? Nowe ramy funkcjonowania agencji zdecentralizowanych Unii Europejskiej
Autorzy:
Nitszke, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1940169.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-09-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
EU agencies
EU institutional system
agencification
agencje UE
system instytucjonalny UE
agencyfikacja
Opis:
EU decentralized agencies multiplied over the years in response to new challenges and developing needs of the EC/EU. The process has been intensified since the 1990s as a result of creation of the internal market. However, this multiplication was so chaotic and uncoordinated that significant differences in the status and functioning principles of the agencies emerged. At the beginning of the 2000s, a need to create minimum standards common to all such entities became apparent. Activity initiated at that time led to the presentation by the European Commission in 2012 of the so-called Roadmap to regulate matters related to establishment, scope of activity and competences of EU decentralized agencies. In recent years, especially in English-language literature, the new term agencification is gaining popularity. This concept is used not only in the context of EU agencies, but has a wider application and refers to a quite common phenomenon of delegation of competences and regulatory powers by state institutions to specialized units formed for just such purpose. Similarities between the national and the EU level with regard to agencification do not only concern the process of establishing the agencies, but extend also to certain general principles in autonomization of such entities.
Agencje zdecentralizowane były tworzone na przestrzeni lat, stanowiąc odpowiedź na nowe wyzwania i potrzeby WE/UE. Nasilenie tego procesu miało miejsce od lat 90. i związane było z tworzeniem rynku wewnętrznego. Proces ten był na tyle chaotyczny i nieskoordynowany, że pojawiły się znaczące różnice w ich statusie i zasadach funkcjonowania. Na początku lat dwutysięcznych pojawiła się potrzeba stworzenia minimalnych standardów wspólnych dla wszystkich tego typu podmiotów. Działania rozpoczęte wówczas doprowadziły do przedstawienia przez Komisję Europejską w 2012 r. tzw. mapy drogowej, mającej uporządkować materię związaną z tworzeniem, zakresem działalności i kompetencjami UE. W ostatnich latach, szczególnie w literaturze anglojęzycznej, na popularności zyskuje nowy termin: agencification, który można przetłumaczyć na język polski jako „agencyfikacja”. Pojęcie to nie jest używane tylko w kontekście agencji UE, ale ma szersze zastosowanie i odnosi się do zjawiska dość powszechnego, związanego z delegowaniem kompetencji i uprawnień regulacyjnych przez instytucje państwowe na specjalnie w tym celu tworzone wyspecjalizowane jednostki. Podobieństwa między poziomem krajowym a unijnym w nawiązaniu do agencyfikacji nie odnoszą się tylko do procesu tworzenia agencji, ale wskazują na pewną generalną prawidłowość dotyczącą autonomizacji tego typu jednostek.
Źródło:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne; 2018, 59; 205-223
1505-2192
Pojawia się w:
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 53

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