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    Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3
    Tytuł:
    Criminological and penal aspects of issuing a false opinion by an expert witness - draft report on research project with proposals for changes in the law determining the legal status of expert witnesses
    Autorzy:
    Jóźwicki, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1934138.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-04-21
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    expert
    evidence
    false expert opinion
    criminal procedural law
    corruption
    judiciary
    Opis:
    Evidence in the form of an expert opinion is usually of key importance for settling a pending case in any type of proceedings. In some cases, the role of the expert witness is closer to that of a judge rather than that of a witness, since a judge who does not have special knowledge often has to use evidence given by an expert to render a judgement. For this reason, issuing a false expert opinion results in a very high risk of delivering a wrong and unfair decision in a given case, which in turn has a negative impact on the social perception of the functioning of the justice system. In the Polish Criminal Code, criminal responsibility for issuing a false opinion is stipulated in Article 233 (4) and (4a) of the Penal Code. At the same time, despite a very large number of reports of suspicion that a crime has been committed by an expert witness, only a negligible number of investigations result in a bill of indictment and a conviction, which causes virtual impunity of perpetrators and has a negative impact on the functioning of criminal justice. Due to the diagnosed research gap in this area, the need to investigate and describe the phenomenon of issuing false opinions by expert witnesses, both in normative and criminological terms, on the basis of empirical research, has been clearly seen. The main objective of the research has been to characterise the phenomenon in question on many levels and to determine its real extent, its etiology and symptomatology. An additional aim of the research has been the verifi cation of research hypotheses and recognition of the normative sphere of the expert witness’s status, expert evidence, and principles of responsibility for issuing false opinions. The research fi ndings have resulted in proposals of solutions aimed both at limiting the phenomenon of issuing false opinions and more effective prosecution of perpetrators of crimes under Article 233 (4) of the Penal Code, which in turn may translate into more effi cient functioning of the entire justice system, as expert witnesses and their work are an extremely important aspect of thereof. The conducted research has fully confi rmed the research hypotheses and precisely indicated defective areas of expert evidence, and consequently the need to introduce immediate legislative changes. Some of the research conclusions and de lege ferenda postulates were implemented into the amended provisions of the Penal Code in 2016, which fully confi rms their legitimacy. Unfortunately, there is still no legal act of statutory rank which would comprehensively regulate the status of expert witnesses and expert evidence.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Policyjny; 2019, 136(4); 360-375
    0867-5708
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Policyjny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Subject Matter of Criminal Evidence Relating to the Disclosure of Information on Security Measures Applicable to Law Enforcement or Control Officials
    Autorzy:
    Zajcew, Oleg
    Yepikhin, Aleksander
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1374859.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    security
    subject of evidence
    criminal case
    the judiciary
    fight against crime
    Opis:
    The article analyses the characteristics of the subject of evidence (Article 73 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation) of objective and subjective characteristics of crime, which are listed in Article 320 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation. Considerable attention has been given to the establishment of criminal sanctions for the disclosure of information on security measures towards law enforcement or control officials as an important guarantee of the stability of the Russian management system and legal protection activities. The characteristics of the subject-matter of the evidence in criminal matters under investigation are expressed in the need to establish objective and subjective grounds for disclosing information on security measures in the course of criminal proceedings against law enforcement or control officials. The state protection measures themselves are defined by separate regulations and are applied in the process of criminal proceedings and in the presence of evidence. However, this complex and multifaceted security process could be seriously undermined by the‘leak’ of classified security information. In case of such illegal disclosure, the penalty is defined in Article 320 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors draw attention to the existence of a direct or indirect relationship between the unauthorised activity and performing state service in legal protection bodies, as well as the need to prove the intention to commit this crime and the awareness of not disclosing secret information to unauthorized persons who do not have formal access to the above information. The authors conclude that the implementation of criminal evidence proceedings for the criminal case of the offence under Article 320 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation needs to be improved at this stage in order to increase the effectiveness and security of the protection of judges, law enforcement and control officials in Russia.
    Źródło:
    Internal Security; 2018, 10(1); 261-270
    2080-5268
    Pojawia się w:
    Internal Security
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Concept of Research on Economic Crime in the Context of the Research Task “Optimization of Evidence, Forensic and Operational Activities in Cases of Economic Crime From the Perspective of Law Enforcement Authorities”.
    Autorzy:
    Porwisz, Monika
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375045.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Wyższa Szkoła Policji w Szczytnie
    Tematy:
    methods
    hypotheses
    research problems
    economic crimes
    evidence
    law enforcement agencies
    criminal trial
    Opis:
    The aim of the publication is to outline the concept of research in the area of economic crime, which has been outlined on the basis of the undertaken research issues related to the implementation of the research task, entitled: “Optimization of evidence, forensic and operational activities in cases of economic crime from the perspective of law enforcement authorities”, which will allow to create an effective model for combating it. In the article, current research problems have been identified. The research project will include actions aimed at defining, designing and then determining the possibility of implementing practical tools to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement. An important research element, which is a basis for formulating specific conclusions and recommendations, will be to conduct a survey of opinions and expectations of practitioners concerning the possibilities of improving the detection process. The assumed research concept also involves diagnosing economic crimes (in terms of evidence, forensic and operational aspects). There are cases of evidence-intensive, multi-aspect cases in which the methods of action of the perpetrators constitute a challenge for law enforcement agencies in the legal or tactical aspect. Corresponding to the diagnosed research problems, several research levels have been proposed, such as causes, scale of economic crime, dynamics of crime, methods and mechanisms of committing crimes, and ways of counteracting them. As a result of in-depth research on the phenomenon of economic crime, proposals for specific solutions will be worked out, which may constitute a specific compendium of knowledge on the issues raised. The research concept covers a wide range of issues that correspond to the current challenges in combating this type of crime. A detailed description of the problems, and the research concept adopted allows us to conclude that the results of the research may be theoretically valuable and useful for science and practice. This publication constitutes a preliminarily research concept adopted within the framework of the research task INP-2/2018/P/MP funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.
    Źródło:
    Internal Security; 2020, 12(1); 45-53
    2080-5268
    Pojawia się w:
    Internal Security
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-3 z 3

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