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Wyszukujesz frazę "Braun, Jan" wg kryterium: Autor


Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2
Tytuł:
State aid for environmental protection and energy objectives in Poland and other countries of the European Union
Autorzy:
Braun, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128514.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
state aid
horizontal aid
environmental protection
Opis:
Purpose – The purpose of the article is to present the development of horizontal aid for environ-mental protection and objectives related to green energy in Poland in comparison with other EU countries in 2009-2017. The above category of state aid in Poland has been characterised in detail, considering its sources, forms, entities providing support as well as the main beneficiaries of aid. Research method – The article utilises the analysis of existing data on horizontal aid for environmental protection and energy objectives in Poland and European Union countries. Results – During the period 2014-2017, as part of horizontal aid in Poland, the majority of aid was granted for environmental protection and energy objectives (in 2014 it accounted for 45% of the total horizontal aid). In the European Union, by comparison, a gradual increase in the share of the abovementioned category of assistance in the total state aid granted in the analysed period is noticeable. The largest share of the studied category in total state aid was recorded in Sweden, Austria and Germany, while the largest increase in the share of this aid in total state aid was seen in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia and Romania. Originality /value / implications /recommendations - As a result of the strategies implemented in the EU states, the aid for environmental protection and energy objectives is currently one of the most important categories of horizontal aid. This article offers a multifaceted analysis of the above assistance in Poland and a detailed comparison of the level of this support in the EU countries.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2020, 4(102); 69-78
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Automatic stabilizers of business cycle as mechanisms of stabilization policy of public finance in Poland
Autorzy:
Braun, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2128077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
public finance
stabilization function
automatic stabilizers
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to present the essence and describe the operation of automatic stabilizers, which – in addition to discretionary measures – are tools of the stabilizing function of public finance. Stabilization policy is closely related to the phenomenon of the business cycle. Its task is to mitigate the fluctuations in the course of the business cycle through the use of income and expenditure instruments affecting economic processes in the macroeconomic scale. Automatic business stabilizers are solutions implemented in the income and expenditure system that cause changes in the structure of cash flow between the public and private sectors – in favor of the private sector as the economic climate deteriorates, while improving the economic situation – in favor of the public finance sector.
Źródło:
Optimum. Economic Studies; 2018, 2(92); 3-11
1506-7637
Pojawia się w:
Optimum. Economic Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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