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Tytuł:
The secular state in the context of the contemporary European constitutionalism
Państwo laickie w świetle dorobku współczesnego konstytucjonalizmu europejskiego
Autorzy:
Borecki, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/684932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
secularity
secular state
separation of church and state
neutral outlook of the state
Opis:
In today’s Europe the secular state dominates. Disseminating the principles of the secular state in Europe promotes the diversity of religious and philosophical populations. The principle of the secular state no longer serves to reduce the social significance of religion or religious organizations. A way of expressing the principle of secularism in constitutional acts is diverse – it is often necessary for complex analysis of the content of the constitution. The principle of the secular state is expressed in the constitutions of approximately 14% of European countries. State Secularism is often equated with the principle of separation of church and state. In Europe, however, there are examples of countries that are exceptions to this rule. In total, the formal separation of church and state is expressed in approximately 25% of the constitutions of European countries. Often the principle of this separation in the Basic Law is expressed in a veiled manner. The most important feature of a secular state is considered to be the modern principle of neutrality. However, it is rarely explicitly expressed in the Basic Law in Europe. Its spread was mostly driven by the constitutional court decisions and statements of the doctrine of the law.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2016, 6; 174-191
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Controversies Concerning the Interpretation of State Resources as a Prerequisite of State Aid: an Illustration Using the Example of Polish Green Certificates and the Auction System
Autorzy:
Bałdowski, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685035.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
State aid
State resources
green certificates
auction
renewable energy sources
Opis:
The process of Europeanisation in the legal field results in various conflicts between the Member States and European authorities. Cases concerning State aid are an example of such a conflict, where on one hand Member States want to preserve control over various supporting schemes and on the other the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union through a set of judgements and decisions increase their supervisory power over the supporting schemes. The European jurisprudence tend to stretch the scope of State aid by expanding the definition of State resources, which is one of its prerequisites. Applying of such a broad definition of State resources to Polish green certificates scheme and the auction scheme shows negative results of this approach that not only decreases the efficiency of the Renewable Energy Sources supporting schemes but that has a negative reflection on the whole State aid system.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 269-282
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
At the Origins of Welfare State? Social Expenses in the Budgetary Policy in the Second Polish Republic
Autorzy:
Grata, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390808.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
social policy
state budget
welfare state
social expenses
Ministry of Social Care
Opis:
In the period of the Second Polish Republic, social policy became an important field of activity for public authorities. It was distinguished by a high level of awareness of the prevalent social problems, progressive legislation, and advanced management. The only missing element was sufficient financing. In the budgetary policy of the Second Polish Republic, social expenses were of minor importance. For the most part of the period, they amounted to approximately 3% of all expenses. The Ministry of Social Care was underfunded, which was evident in nearly every aspect of its activity. Hence, if one wonders if the origins of the Polish welfare state can be traced back to the Second Polish Republic, the answer must be “no”. Although extra funds (spent on tackling unemployment, pensions, or disability benefits) were found outside of the ministerial budget, the arguments presented in this article only confirm the hypothesis presented above.
Źródło:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae; 2017, 35; 7-26
0081-6485
Pojawia się w:
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fenomen „Państwa Islamskiego” i jego źródła
Autorzy:
Wojciechowski, Sebastian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642017.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
„Islamic State”
ISIS
terrorism
Al-Qaida
the triad of the „Islamic State” phenomenon
Opis:
The aim of the text is to present and systematize the most important reasons for the „Islamic State” dramatic rise to power and significance. The reasons are the sum total of a number of diverse and mutually linked factors. These fall into the three categories: A. effective use of hard power connected to military activities and terrorist attacks; B. appropriate use of soft power concerning financial, logistics or propaganda sphere; C. different events of processes of local or international character. These three groups of factors and their interactions result in the so-called triad of the „Islamic State” phenomenon.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2016, 9; 143-155
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Propaganda Daesh
Autorzy:
Klein, Grzegorz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Daesh
propaganda
ISIS
‘Islamic State’
Opis:
The aim of the article was to show the diversity of Daesh propaganda. It consists of the of political, religious and social narratives. They have one task - to convince the world that the newly created ‘caliphate’ is a fact: it has the ability to defend its territory, no matter of how great is the efforts of ‘crusaders’, moreover, is an efficient state, which is an ideal home for Sunnis. Brutality is the element with which the propaganda Daesh primarily connotations, appears very frequently. It has specific role - to deter opponents. This reason why so often presents „hunting” on Iraqi soldiers, and mass executions. This brutality, in connection with mercy, meeting the needs of justice and belonging, makes propagandas an efficient tool for building ‘caliphate’.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2016, 9; 182-191
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Esperanto and the Market State
Esperanto i państwo rynkowe
Autorzy:
Farris, Michael
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/910311.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Esperanto
market state
państwo rynkowe
Opis:
The nation state is a form of government that merges a dominant ethnic or culture group with a political entity on a shared territory. It dates from the 17th and 18th centuries and it was the dominant state form in the 19th and 20th centuries. In this model, government legitimacy stems from providing services (such as education, infrastructure and social programs) to the citizenry. Esperanto is a product of the nation state period and much of the symbolism and structure of the Esperanto movement is tied to nation state ideas. At present however, according to many social and political analysts, this form of state organization is now in decline and a new state form, often referred to as the market state, is emerging. In the market state the relationship between citizens and governments, as well as governments with each other, undergo profound, far reaching changes. This article examines opportunities and obstacles that this new state form poses for the Esperanto movement.
Państwo narodowe jest modelem rządu skupiającym główne grupy etniczne, językowe bądź kulturowe na wspólnym terytorium. Jego początki pochodzą z XVII i XVII wieku i było najpowszechniejszym modelem Państwa w XIX i XX wieku. W tym modelu uzasadnienie dla rządu wynika z dostarczania usług obywatelom (np. edukacja, infrastruktura, zabezpieczenie społeczne). Esperanto jest produktem ery państwa narodowego i wiele symboli i struktur ruchu esperanckiego związanych jest z ideami państwa narodowego. Obecnie natomiast według wielu analityków i publicystów, ten model organizacji państwa chyli się ku upadkowi, a wyłania się nowy model państwa, często określany jako państwo rynkowe. W państwie rynkowym relacje między obywatelem i rządem, tak jak między samymi rządami, ulegają daleko idącym przemianom. Ten artykuł omówi możliwości i przeszkody dla ruchu esperanckiego wynikające z tego nowego modelu państwa.
Źródło:
Język. Komunikacja. Informacja; 2017, 12; 113-120
1896-9585
Pojawia się w:
Język. Komunikacja. Informacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Norwegian National Insurance Scheme as the main element of the Norwegian “welfare state”
Autorzy:
Nowiak, Wojciech
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1178195.pdf
Data publikacji:
1996
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Norway
Welfare state
National Insurance Scheme
Opis:
The National Insurance Scheme is the main element of the Norwegian ’’welfare state”. The Scheme secures people’s finance when they are sick, disabled, unemployed or old, or when they have no one to support them and are unable to support themselves. The National Insurance Scheme is the most fundamental cornerstone of the structure represented by the ’’welfare state”. The Scheme consists of long-term benefits; pensions and transitional allowances; short-term benefits; daily allowances for the sick, and daily cash benefits for the unemployed and benefits in kind; and expenditure for health care and rehabilitation.
Źródło:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 1996, 3; 57-66
1230-4786
2299-6885
Pojawia się w:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kościół rzymski wobec władzy państwowej
The Roman Church Against the State Power
Autorzy:
Polak, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951738.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Roman Church
state
power
aesthetics
politics
Opis:
This article emphasizes the important but rarely analyzed aesthetic-political dimension of the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and the state. The author synthetically discusses the development of the inner consciousness of the Church of Rome (in its relation to the power) in three nodal epochs: in the Church of Leo the Great and his successors, in the Church of the Gregorian reform and of Innocent III and in the nineteenth-century Church. According to the author’s conclusion: it can be shown that the key to understanding the relationship of the Church of Rome to the state power is the phantasmatic belief in the superiority of own ecclesiastical authority over every other power, a belief developed originally in the self-awareness and in the emotional and aesthetic self-emplacement of the great popes of the 5th and 6th centuries.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne; 2016, 10; 25-36
2084-3011
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Российская провинция: практики преодоления дефицита власти
Autorzy:
Скиперских, Александр Владимирович
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/944320.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
anarchy
power
state
province
Russian culture
Opis:
In this article, the author, addressing different aspects of Russian culture, tries to understand how the institutions of power can function in the Russian provinces, and how they can be perceived by society. Power is distributed unevenly, which results in its deficit. From the author’s point of view, modern practices may have an important cultural basis, involving a special relation to the province, which has traditionally been reflected in political discourse. The author believes that in the Russian provinces, there is an objective power deficit in institutions, which speaks, on the one hand, of a certain disregard for the province, and, on the other hand, testifies to the strength of the resistance to local initiatives and the legal nihilism that has become part of the philosophy of the Russian provincial. This in turn affects a fairly critical attitude towards the political power. A person is no longer capable of trusting the authorities and seeking support from them. The policy of the federal government in modern Russia gives rise to serious gaps between the center and the provinces, which can lead to a specific perception of power itself, and also lead to the formation of anarchic attitudes.  
Źródło:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne; 2018, 4; 135-151
1731-7517
Pojawia się w:
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ISIS Communication Strategy
Autorzy:
Styszyński, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
“Islamic State”
communication strategy
social media
Opis:
The present paper concerns studies on innovative communication and propaganda strategies of the main jihadist group called “the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria” (ISIS). In fact, media and Internet agitations enabled to reinforce ideological and operational influences of that organization and they affected different militants in the world who joined the battlefield in Syria and Iraq or carried out terrorist attacks in the West. Analysis of propaganda techniques reflects the following topics: liturgical speeches, official media channels, social medias and encrypted communication. Besides, the research demonstrates different audiences of ISIS communication strategy, which aims at affecting emotions and at stimulating opinions and reactions. The indoctrination concerns traditional, liturgical speeches delivered in Arabic by ISIS leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi who targets local populations in mosques. Moreover, it also reflects new technologies such as radio and TV stations, official websites or social medias that include sophisticated programs, high quality pictures, graphics and videos. However, the paper also deals with some advanced computer and Internet technologies, which enable to protect identities of jihadists who follow important conversations about ISIS objectives.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2016, 9; 171-180
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Pozycja prawie idealna”. Związek Polskich Artystów Plastyków wobec przemian politycznych, kryzysu gospodarczego i napięć środowiskowych w latach 1980–1981
Autorzy:
Banasiak, Jakub
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2135564.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
“Solidarity” Trade Union
state socialism art
state art system
Polish United Workers’ Party
Polish Artists’ Union
Opis:
This paper examines the participation of the Polish Artists' Union in the complex transformation of communist Poland in 1980–1981 . It is one of the most mythologized phenomena in Polish art history. The main approach to this period assumes that before the of “Solidarity” movement uprising, the Polish Artists' Union was totally dependent on the communist authorities. Then, after August 1980, the Union was to become idealistic, anti-communist organization. The following paper recognizes this kind of historiographical narrative as an example of the 'totalitarian model'. It is a model based on a simple, binary vision of the communist system as a field of permanent struggle between “innocent” society and “oppressive”, omnipotent authorities. The  analysis presented here uses the perspective of social history (Sheila Fitzpatrick et al.). From this perspective, communism is viewed as a complex tangle of active, causative social actors (groups and individuals), who could be politically engaged, but may not be. One of those actors was the Polish Artists' Union. Based on various kinds of sources, I show how the Union tried to take the optimal political position after August 1980. To examine this issue I use two types of political mentality, which dominated in those days in the Party, in “Solidarity”, and also in the Union. One is termed “fundamental”, and treats politics in terms of morality, dignity, and so on. The other is called “pragmatic”, and is focused on institutional games, while also allowing compromises or concessions. To track the dynamics of how the Union functioned from August 1980 until martial law was declared (in December 1981), I introduce a division into three phases of the Solidarity revolution: September-December 1980, January-July 1981, and September-December 1981. An analysis of the Union's documents, art magazines, and Party's documents (both official and internal), shows that after the first phase, the Polish Artists' Union was ready to join  the new configuration of power, based on Solidarity and the Polish United Workers' Party agreement. According to David Ost's theory, I define this project as a “neo-corporatist” model of the state socialism in the art system.    
Źródło:
Artium Quaestiones; 2021, 32; 295-328
0239-202X
Pojawia się w:
Artium Quaestiones
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kapitalizm państwowy jako dylemat praktyczny i teoretyczny
State capitalism – a practical and theoretical dilemma
Autorzy:
Nowakowski, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/693083.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
state capitalism
state-owned enterprises (SOE)
sovereign wealth fund (SWF)
kapitalizm państwowy
firmy państwowe
państwowe fundusze finansowe
Opis:
In many countries we observe co-existence of markets and states of an authoritarian face. State capitalism is an economic-social system in which governments manipulate market outcomes for political purposes. There is a wide-spread fear that foreign direct investment, state owned enterprises and sovereign wealth funds are guided in their decisions by political and geostrategicrationales rather than by the traditional marked-oriented mind frame, thus distorting competition. Contemporary state capitalism is not a new phenomenon but an aftermath of the recent global crisis which seems to have legitimised the renaissance of state capitalism. Consequently, many economies see their governments resort to stronger roles. In this paper the question we ask is whether state capitalism changes free-market capitalism conceptually and practically and whether it offers, instead, an attractive alternative to emerging economies. State owned enterprises and sovereign wealth funds adapt to market conditions rather than seek to realise their political goals. State capitalism is not a new type of an economic system but a new category that can be treated within the existing theoretical frameworks. Yet, a close look at the model shows its weaknesses. When the government favours its own entities, the other suffer, and the producers and consumers pay (alternative costs). State capitalism does not guarantee stability and works well only when  directed by a competent state. State capitalism seems to be a political and economic reality but it must be treated as a stage in the development of diversified market economy. In this perspective, state capitalism is the road to prosperity through the use of unorthodox economic tools.
W wielu krajach następuje współwystępowanie rynków oraz państwa o obliczu autorytarnym. Kapitalizm państwowy to system ekonomiczno-społeczny, w którym rządy manipulują rynkiem dla swoich celów politycznych. W ogólnych obawach bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne, firmy i fundusze państwowe, realizują swoje polityczne i geostrategiczne plany bardziej niż te o charakterze rynkowym. Współczesny kapitalizm państwowy nie jest nowym zjawiskiem, ale następstwem globalnego kryzysu, który powoduje wzrost udziału państwa. Zatem pytanie brzmi, czy kapitalizm państwowy zmienia w sposób konceptualny i praktyczny dotychczasowy kapitalizm wolnorynkowy i stanowi atrakcyjną alternatywę dla rozwijających się gospodarek. Firmy państwowe i fundusze państwowe raczej adaptują warunki rynkowe, niż realizują założenia polityczne. Kapitalizm państwowy to nie jest nowy typ systemu ekonomicznego ani teorii ekonomicznej. Wykazuje swoje słabości. Jeśli rząd faworyzuje swoje jednostki, koszty tego ponoszą producenci i konsumenci (koszty alternatywne). Kapitalizm państwowy nie gwarantuje stabilności i jest efektywny, jeśli państwo jest efektywne. Kapitalizm państwowy wydaje się polityczną i ekonomiczną rzeczywistością, ale musi się zmagać z rozwijającą się i zdywersyfikowaną gospodarką rynkową. W tej perspektywie to droga do dobrobytu przez zastosowanie nieortodoksyjnych narzędzi ekonomicznych.
Źródło:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny; 2014, 76, 1; 225-239
0035-9629
2543-9170
Pojawia się w:
Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
State and Freedom by F. W. J. Schelling
Autorzy:
Schmiljun, André
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781213.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Schelling
Staat
Freiheit
Politik
state
freedom
politics
Opis:
This paper examines the two terms 'state' and 'freedom' in the work of F. W. J. Schelling. It will be argued that, although Schelling refuses the general role of state, criticizing it as 'mechanism', he accepts the fact that the state is the only guarantor - considered as 'second nature' – to restore the 'lost unit', to secure the freedom of men and to realize a 'Höheres Lebens'. For this purpose, Schelling uses powerful metaphors of the state as 'organism' and 'artwork', postulating his ideal of a political community.
Źródło:
Ethics in Progress; 2018, 9, 2; 118-130
2084-9257
Pojawia się w:
Ethics in Progress
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Is this the Collapse of Islamic State? The Evolution of the Terrorist Threat in the Middle East in 2017
Autorzy:
WEJKSZNER, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/642121.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Middle East
terrorism
evolution
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
Islamic State
proto-state
jihad
Opis:
The main aim of this article is to present an evolution of the terrorism threat in the Middle East in 2016. For this purpose, firstly, the essence and determinants of the contemporary terrorism threat have been analyzed. Some main Middle East terrorist organizations, actively operating in this area, have also been indicated. Secondly, the chronology and the most important terrorism trends in the region have been presented. A special attention has been paid to consequences of the fall of the Islamic State. And last but not least some predictive scenarios regarding the development of above phenomenon in 2017 and beyond have been pointed out.
Źródło:
Przegląd Strategiczny; 2018, 11; 383-393
2084-6991
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Strategiczny
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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