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Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
Tytuł:
The embarrassment of riches: ‘Head’ words in the Indo-European family
Autorzy:
Gąsiorowski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1121045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Indo-European; 'head' words;
semantics;
Opis:
The notion of HEAD is reflected in the basic lexicon of all known languages; the identification of the head as a distinct and vitally important body part, labelled with a simplex word, seems to be a cross-cultural universal. Thanks to their high frequency of use and their “basic concept” status, words meaning ‘head’ tend to be diachronically stable and therefore important for comparative reconstruction. Their expected retention rate – as estimated on the basis of data from several uncontroversial language families – is on a par with words meaning ‘heart’ or ‘foot’. On the other hand, culture-specific factors may lead to the proliferation of secondary meanings, the rise of stylistically marked near-synonyms, and consequently to locally accelerated lexical evolution. This seems to have happened repeatedly in the Indo-European family, in which not only the oldest reconstructible ‘head’ word, *ḱreh₂- but also secondary, branch-specific terms have often been subject to lexical replacement. This unusual variability of words for head in Indo-European contrasts with the remarkable conservatism of words for several other body-part concepts, such as eye, ear, tooth and heart. In this paper, we shall attempt to identify recurrent patterns of semantic change in the emergence of new synonyms and the polysemic development of inherited ‘head’ words. Insights derived from recent studies of “embodiment” will be used to explain the observed tendencies.
Źródło:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2017, 3, 1; 101-115
2449-7525
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On converse lability and its decline from Vedic to Epic Sanskrit: The verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy’ and ‘to please’
Autorzy:
Pooth, Roland A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2135325.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Converse lability of psych verbs
Indo-European middle polysemy
decline of lability in Sanskrit
Indo-European middle to active shift
Opis:
In the Early Vedic language, we encounter two different systems of active vs. middle voice and valency oppositions. The emergence of many thematic Vedic transitive active forms (e.g. īráya-ti ‘to raise sth. or so.’) is obviously innovative and secondary when compared to labile, and formally more archaic athematic active forms (e.g. íyar-ti ~ iyár-ti ‘to rise, to raise sth. or so.’). On this basis, it has been claimed that the original voice distinction was mainly driven by agency (i.e., volition, control, responsibility and animacy), whereas the secondary voice opposition was driven by transitivity distinctions and direct and indirect reflexive middle semantics (Pooth 2012, 2014). In this article, another verb in question, namely the psych verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy, to please’, will be examined as a parallel case to further discuss the general developments in the Vedic verb system, which are part of the general decline of lability and the increase of verb forms specified for transitive vs. intransitive behavior within Vedic (Kulikov 2014, 2012, 2006). This article will show that the Sanskrit psych verb juṣ- ‘to enjoy’ and ‘to please’ exhibits converse lability in Early Vedic Sanskrit, whereas it does not behave like this in Epic Sanskrit. The syntactic and semantic behavior of forms of juṣ- in both periods of Sanskrit will thus be compared.
Źródło:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2021, 7, 1; 217-252
2449-7525
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Short Research in Danish Cardinal and Ordinal Numerals on Indo-European Background
Autorzy:
Garczyński, Błażej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1164677.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Indo-European numerals
Danish numerals
vigesimal counting system
decimal counting system
liczebniki duńskie
dwudziestkowy system liczbowy
dziesiątkowy system liczbowy
liczebniki indoeuropejskie
Opis:
The article focuses on the Danish numerals 1-1000. It presents their Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Germanic, Old Danish and present forms whilst providing additional information on their development and corresponding numerals in other European languages. It focuses primarily on the vigesimal counting system, whose traces can be found in Danish, and which is the source of some unique forms unseen in other languages. Therefore, special attention is paid to the numerals of the series 50-90. Though these appear to be unique and exotic, the article shows that they are not to be perceived as an anomaly but rather a different path of development within the language Moreover, a brief explanation of the origins of the vigesimal system in Danish is provided. Also, several units of measurement showing traces of the vigesimal, duodecimal and sexagesimal systems are discussed. Finally, language reforms aimed at changing the numeral forms will be shortly portrayed.
Źródło:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia; 2014, 16
1230-4786
2299-6885
Pojawia się w:
Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Baba, żaba i krowa, czyli rozważania o tym, jak dawne są ludowe wierzenia o żabie wysysającej mleko krowie
An old woman, a frog and a cow, or reflections on the centuries’ long beliefs about milk-sucking amphibians or reptiles
Autorzy:
Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2103000.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Albanian
Anatolian
animals
cow-suckers
etymology
frogs
Honorata Skoczylas- Stawska
Indo-European culture
Latin
lizards
Polish folk beliefs
Slavic languages
snakes
toads
vocabulary
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the archaic status of the Polish folk beliefs about certain amphibians (frogs, toads) and reptiles (snakes, lizards, salamanders) believed to have sucked milk from cows. Some Polish peasants were even convinced that milk cows loved suckers (esp. snakes, frogs) more than their calves. There are many folk tales where a witch or a mythical creature assumes the form of a armful animal to suck cow’s milk. The author demonstrates that the oldest part of these beliefs can be traced to the Proto-Indo-European cultural heritage. In fact, some Indo-European languages have preserved a clear indication of animal cow-suckers in their vocabulary, e.g. Ukr. молокосúс m. ‘lizard, salamander’ (literally ‘milk-sucker’); Lith. žaltỹs, žalktỹs m. ‘a not-venomous snake, esp. the grass snake, the slow worm’, Latv. zalktis, zaltis m. ‘snake’, Latg. zalkts m. ‘the grass snake’ (< PIE. *ĝolh2ktii̯os adj. ‘delighting in milk’ < PIE. *ĝl̥h2kt- n. ‘milk’); OInd. gōdhā́- f. ‘a big lizard’ (< PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯-dheh1- f. ‘a cow-sucker’, cf. PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯s f. ‘cow’ and *dheh1- ‘to suck’); Lat. būfō m. ‘a toad’ (< PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯-dhh1-ōn- m. ‘a cowsucker’); Alb. thithëlopë, also blloçkëlopë f. ‘common toad’ (literally ‘sucking/ chewing cows’); Hitt. akuu̯akuu̯aš c. ‘a toad’ (literally ‘sucking cows’, cf. Hitt. aku- ‘to drink’). It is assumed that the Indo-European beliefs were associated with breeding of cattle and were an attempt at a rational (or not) explanation of the alleged cause of poor lactation or cows’ milk loss. It is likely that the ailing animal was perceived as possessed by a demonic character, although the association of an animal with a witch or a devil was made relatively late and probably under the influence of beliefs from Western Europe.
Źródło:
Slavia Occidentalis; 2020, 77/1; 135-153
0081-0002
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Occidentalis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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