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    Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14
    Tytuł:
    Dual a teologija přinošk k problematice wužiwanja dualowych formow w hornjoserbskich přełožkach biblije
    Dual grammatical number and theology Introduction to use of dual forms in Upper Sorbian translations of the Bible
    Autorzy:
    DZIKIEWICZ, DANIEL
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/970857.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Holy Scriptures
    dual grammatical number
    theology
    translation of the Bible
    Upper Sorbian language
    interpretation
    exegesis
    Opis:
    This article describes the relations between dual grammatical number and theology. The original thesis was: Upper Sorbian translations of the Bible contain theologically problematic uses of dual forms. The hypothesis is accompanied by an analysis of the exegesis and theology of the periscopes Gen 1, 28; Mt 20, 23; £k 2, 7; J 1, 41 and 17, 21. Application or failure to apply dual forms in the texts in question poses significant problems on the level of theology. This article contains also a suggestion of certain rules to be followed in future revisions of the existing translation of the Upper Sorbian Bible. Firstly, the use of dual grammatical number should go hand in hand with the theological perspective of the biblical texts. Secondly, in cases when the category of dual grammatical number cannot accommodate theology, the latter should be a priority.
    Źródło:
    Slavia Occidentalis; 2019, 76/1; 11-19
    0081-0002
    Pojawia się w:
    Slavia Occidentalis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Moral Competence and Moral Orientation in Robots
    Autorzy:
    Schmiljun, André
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/781331.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    moral competence
    moral orientation
    Georg Lind
    robot ethics
    Dual Aspect
    Dual Layer Theory of Moral Self
    Opis:
    Two major strategies (the top-down and bottom-up strategies) are currently discussed in robot ethics for moral integration. I will argue that both strategies are not sufficient. Instead, I agree with Bertram F. Malle and Matthias Scheutz that robots need to be equipped with moral competence if we don’t want them to be a potential risk in society, causing harm, social problems or conflicts. However, I claim that we should not define moral competence merely as a result of different “elements” or “components” we can randomly change. My suggestion is to follow Georg Lind’s dual aspect dual layer theory of moral self that provides a broader perspective and another vocabulary for the discussion in robot ethics. According to Lind, moral competence is only one aspect of moral behavior that we cannot separate from its second aspect: moral orientation. As a result, the thesis of this paper is that integrating morality into robots has to include moral orientation and moral competence.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2019, 10, 2; 98-111
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Rozdwojenie władzy. Jameson i utopijna spekulacja
    Dual Power. Fredric Jameson and Utopian Speculation
    Autorzy:
    Milenkowicz, Łukasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1013051.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Fredric Jameson
    Theodor Adorno
    Ernst Bloch
    utopia
    dual power
    army
    mobilization
    dwuwładztwo
    armia
    mobilizacja
    Opis:
    Celem artykułu jest próba rekonstrukcji projektu utopijnego społeczeństwa zarysowanego w pracy An American Utopia. Dual Power and the Universal Army Fredrica Jamesona. Ramę interpretacyjną stanowi ujęcie utopii jako modalności oraz przekonanie o podsumowującym charakterze, jaki tekst ten stanowi w ramach twórczości autora. Szczegółowej uwadze poddany został sposób, w jaki utopijna spekulacja Jamesona stara się przenegocjować swoją własną niemożliwość.
    This article constitutes an attempt to reconstruct the utopian society projected in An American Utopia. Dual Power and the Universal Army by Fredric Jameson. Its interpretive framework grasps the utopian form as a modality. The manner in which the essay summarizes the previous work of the author is also assessed. Attention is given to the way the critical function of the utopian form makes itself apparent in the process of demonstrating its own impossibility.
    Źródło:
    Praktyka Teoretyczna; 2017, 25, 3; 291-304
    2081-8130
    Pojawia się w:
    Praktyka Teoretyczna
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dual voicing of Asian American writers: the case of Amy Tan
    Autorzy:
    Lehman, Iga Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044557.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-08-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    Dual voicing of Asian American writers: the case of Amy Tan
    Źródło:
    Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia; 2015, 15; 121-135
    1509-4146
    Pojawia się w:
    Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The neurobiology of language: Relevance to linguistics
    Autorzy:
    Duncan, E. Susan
    Tune, Sarah
    Small, Steven L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1152400.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    psychology
    information processing
    dual stream model
    human neuroscience
    brain connectivity
    Opis:
    The study of language is shared by a number of fields, including linguistics, psychology, and neurobiology. While the methods employed by these domains may overlap, they differ in the focus of their scientific inquiry, and the unique perspective of each may inform investigation within the others. We conceptualize this relationship in the context of David Marr’s information processing theory, with neurobiology as the implementational level of language, and discuss the history of the neurobiology of language from early localizationist models to the present day. Decades of electrophysiological and anatomical studies of the macaque monkey support the existence of dual streams for the processing of auditory information. More recent neuroimaging studies suggest that these streams are also present in humans, subserving speech perception and language comprehension. The development of high resolution brain imaging methods and brain stimulation has advanced our ability to study, in vivo, the structures and processes underlying the language network. For those linguists interested in studying language with consideration of the system that implements it, theories and concepts may now be meaningfully informed by neurobiology.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2016, 2, 1
    2449-7525
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The neurobiology of language: Relevance to linguistics
    Autorzy:
    Duncan, E. Susan
    Tune, Sarah
    Small, Steven L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2135368.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-08-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    psychology
    information processing
    dual stream model
    human neuroscience
    brain connectivity
    Opis:
    The study of language is shared by a number of fields, including linguistics, psychology, and neurobiology. While the methods employed by these domains may overlap, they differ in the focus of their scientific inquiry, and the unique perspective of each may inform investigation within the others. We conceptualize this relationship in the context of David Marr’s information processing theory, with neurobiology as the implementational level of language, and discuss the history of the neurobiology of language from early localizationist models to the present day. Decades of electrophysiological and anatomical studies of the macaque monkey support the existence of dual streams for the processing of auditory information. More recent neuroimaging studies suggest that these streams are also present in humans, subserving speech perception and language comprehension. The development of high resolution brain imaging methods and brain stimulation has advanced our ability to study, in vivo, the structures and processes underlying the language network. For those linguists interested in studying language with consideration of the system that implements it, theories and concepts may now be meaningfully informed by neurobiology.
    Źródło:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting; 2016, 2, 1; 49-66
    2449-7525
    Pojawia się w:
    Yearbook of the Poznań Linguistic Meeting
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Badania, dydaktyka, rynek pracy – koncepcja studiów dwuprzedmiotowych
    Research, didactics, job market – concept of two-subject studies
    Autorzy:
    Skibski, Krzysztof
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1109361.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    humanities
    two-subject studies
    dual studies
    BA
    general academic mode
    humanistyka
    studia dwuprzedmiotowe
    studia dualne
    profil ogólnoakademicki
    Opis:
    Artykuł dotyczy koncepcji kształcenia polonistycznego uwzględniającego zarówno tradycyjne konteksty badawcze we współczesnej filologicznej praktyce naukowej, jak i sytuację na współczesnym rynku pracy. Polega ona na łączeniu dwu dyscyplin humanistycznych w jednym programie kształcenia i realizowaniu procesu dydaktycznego przez dwie jednostki naukowo-dydaktyczne (jedna z nich jest administratorem kierunku). Ważnym efektem takiej metody jest dwuprzedmiotowość jako walor kompetencyjny absolwenta, a także dobra orientacja w dwu tradycjach metodologicznych i swoistości dyscyplin wzajemnie na siebie oddziałujących. Eksponowanie dobranych w ten sposób kontekstów przyczynia się niewątpliwie do uatrakcyjnienia studiów, jak również powoduje, że absolwent – zwłaszcza nauczyciel – lepiej adaptuje się do zmiennych warunków pracy. Poznańska polonistyka uruchomiła w ostatnim czasie cztery takie kierunki (w połączeniu z historią, etyką, filologią klasyczną i filologią germańską), a doświadczenia zebrane podczas pracy nad programami, jak również podczas pracy z pierwszymi rocznikami studentów, dały podstawy do niniejszych analiz i wniosków (a także pytań).
    The lecture concerns the concept of teaching the Polish language and culture, taking into account traditional research context in contemporary scientific practice as well as current situation on the job market. It combines two humanities in one program and involves the participation of two educational units in the teaching process (one of which being the administrator of the faculty). An important effect of such a method is mastering two subjects as the competence value of the graduate as well as good knowledge of two methodology traditions and disciplines, which influence each other. The exposure of two contexts selected that way contributes to raising the attractiveness of studies, allowing the graduate – especially a teacher – to adapt to the changing conditions of work better. The Poznan Institute of Polish Philology has launched four such faculties recently (combined with History, Ethics, Classical philology and German philology) and the experience gained not only while working on the programs but also while teaching the first year students, allowed for these analyses and conclusions (as well as questions).
    Źródło:
    Polonistyka. Innowacje; 2016, 4; 5-16
    2450-6435
    Pojawia się w:
    Polonistyka. Innowacje
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Podstawowe trendy orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka w sprawach podatkowych
    Basic trends in European Court of Human Rights case-law on tax matters
    Autorzy:
    Jasudowicz, Tadeusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909182.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-10-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    taxes
    criminal charge
    dual proceedings
    human rights
    Strasbourg
    case-law
    Opis:
    The case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in tax matters has developed in three dimensions. Firstly, it involved Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1 to the Convention with reference to “the payment of taxes”, viewed, notwithstanding the State’s wide margin of appreciation, in the light of the principle of the peaceful enjoyment of one’s possessions. Secondly, from the perspective of Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Convention, tax disputes can be covered by the guarantees of a fair trial where the proceedings and sanctions, for example, concerning tax surcharges, are qualified in their autonomous Convention meaning as a “criminal charge” against the taxpayer. Moreover, despite its traditional case-law, in the last years the Court has seemed to allow the possibility of qualifying tax disputes as concerning “civilrights and obligations” Thirdly, on the basis of Article 4 of Protocol No. 7 to the Convention, the Court has found violations of the prohibition “to be tried or punished again in criminal proceedings” in the context of dual, i.e. tax (administrative) and penal, proceedings. The author critically assesses the Court judgment in the case of A. and B. v. Norway, in which the Court did not find a violation of Article 4 of Protocol No. 7. In the Norwegian case, the distinct administrative and penal proceedings were in fact merged, since the state introduced a system of integrated legal answers to taxpayers’ behavior. According to Judge Pinto de Albuquerque, expressing a dissenting opinion, the Court in this judgment wrongly changed its stance from pro persona to pro auctoritate, possibly forgetting that it is a court of humanrights, and not a pleader of raison d’Etat. Although the Court declared that it considers the Convention “as a whole”, and seeks to ensure the consistency of the Convention system and harmony of its provisions, it might have lost sight of ties existing between them. Taxpayers are also individual humansand have a title to human rights, thus tax disputes are those of a human rights nature. Understandably, the ECHR must persist as a Court of Human Rights.
    Źródło:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2020, 3, 31; 9-32
    2300-3936
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Prawa Publicznego
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Achieving academic control in two languages: Drawing on the psychology of language learning in considering the past, the present, and prospects for the future
    Autorzy:
    Cohen, Andrew D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780989.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-06-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    dual language program
    immersion program
    translanguaging
    inner voice
    L2 pragmatics
    Opis:
    This paper first considers what it means to become truly proficient in a language other than the native one. It then looks briefly at the evolution of dual language programs. Next, it focuses on the issue of whether the first language (L1) or the second language (L2) serves as the language of mediation. Other dual language program issues are then discussed, such as how proficient learners actually become in academic and social language in the L2, their proficiency in grammar and pronunciation, and possible administrative constraints in the design and execution of such programs. Finally, attention is given to a guidebook written directly for dual language learners and for their teachers in which learners are encouraged to take a proactive role to ensure that they make the most of their dual program language learning and use experiences.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2015, 5, 2; 327-345
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Warsztat duetu autorskiego. O pisaniu kolaboratywnym Jolanty Fuchsówny i Jana Brzękowskiego
    The Dual Author Technique. On Collaborative Writing by Jolanta Fuchsówna and Jan Brzękowski
    Autorzy:
    Wójtowicz, Aleksander
    Boruszkowska, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2036671.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-12-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Black Paris
    Jolanta Fuchsówna
    collaborative writing
    multi-author work
    Jan Brzękowski
    Opis:
    The article presents the concept of collaborative writing or multi-author writing using the example of the novel Black Paris by Jolanta Fuchsówna, a forgotten columnist of the “Ilustrowany Kurier Codzienny”, and the avant-garde poet and writer Jan Brzękowski. This interwar novel from 1932 is yet to be published in book form. The specificity of the preserved materials and the manuscript make the concept of collaborative writing the operative one for studying the text and describing these writers’ collaboration.
    Źródło:
    Przestrzenie Teorii; 2021, 35; 139-153
    2450-5765
    Pojawia się w:
    Przestrzenie Teorii
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    (Dwu)podmiotowość relacji wychowania wobec codzienności edukacji dziecka
    The Dual-subjectivity of Upbringing Relation Towards Everyday Child Education
    Autorzy:
    Trzos, Paweł Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047790.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Upbringing
    early education
    subjectivity
    everyday life
    family
    school
    teacher
    parent
    Wychowanie
    wczesna edukacja
    podmiotowość
    codzienność
    rodzina
    szkoła
    nauczyciel
    rodzic
    Opis:
    Artykuł dotyczy analizy problemów podmiotowości we wczesnej edukacji dziecka. Zagadnienia te, ujęte w perspektywie pedagogicznej, są w opracowaniu tym zogniskowane do procesu wychowania dziecka w rodzinie. Przyjęty kontekst osobowych relacji pomiędzy naturalnymi podmiotami jakim jest rodzic i jego dziecko eksponuje potrzebę interdyscyplinarnej (w tym socjologicznej, pedagogicznej, antropologicznej) refleksji nad rolą „wspólnoty” i „doświadczania siebie” w społecznej praktyce edukacji. Takimi „doświadczającymi siebie” kompetentnymi podmiotami są dziecko i jego rodzic, który często pełni rolę pierwszego nauczyciela. Dlatego mówiąc o rodzicu i pedagogicznym uzasadnieniu jego wychowawczych oddziaływań coraz częściej widzimy w nim rolę także „kompetentnego nauczyciela” dziecka, tłumacza codziennych zdarzeń, ale też i współuczestnika wzajemnych interakcji, które oba te podmioty generują i jakim sami na co dzień są poddawani. Wiedza o procesie edukacji dziecka i rozwoju jego integralnej osobowości staje się wytwarzana właśnie poprzez interpretację wzajemnych doświadczeń i podzielanie wspólnej uwagi o wzorach, potrzebach i komunikacji w na co dzień przeżywanym świecie.
    The article discusses the analysis of subjectivity problems in child early education. Those matters, given from pedagogical perspective, focus on the process of child upbringing in family. The assumed relations context between natural subjects such as a parent and a child stresses the importance of interdisciplinary reflection (also sociological, pedagogical, anthropological) on the role of “community” and “self-experience” in social education practice.  Those “self-experiencing” competent subjects are the child and the parent who often plays the role of the first teacher. When talking about the parent and pedagogical justification of their educational influence, we more often see the role of "a competent teacher" to his child, the person that explains everyday events, the participant of mutual interaction they both undergo and generated by those two subjects every day. Knowledge on the process of child education and the development of his integral personality is being processed via interpretation of mutual experience and sharing attention about patterns, needs and communication in everyday world.
    Źródło:
    Teologia i moralność; 2014, 9, 2(16); 65-80
    1898-2964
    2450-4602
    Pojawia się w:
    Teologia i moralność
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Codzienne operacje arytmetyczne a problem kosztów podwójnego zadania: raport z eksperymentu behawioralnego kontrolowanego elektroencefalografem
    Everyday Mental Calculations and Dual-Task Costs: Evidences from a Behavioral Experiment Supported by EEG
    Autorzy:
    Przybyła, Tomasz
    Klichowski, Michał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15840742.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-09-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    mental arithmetic
    cognitive-motor interference
    mathematical education
    shopping at the supermarket
    Opis:
    Very recent studies show that a cognitive-motor interference can expose people not only to a motor danger but also weaken their cognitive capabilities. This effect is called the dual-task cost. One of the most popular examples of it nowadays is the smartphone use while walking, which is well examined. Yet, there are no studies that would analyse to what extent the other high-popular dual-task situation – shopping at the supermarket, weakens cognitive processes. To shed some light on this issue, we investigated a behavioral experiment on everyday mental calculations. Methods: Twenty mathematical-ly-educated adults took part in this study. We used stimuli in the form of shop labels. The participant’s task was to add two prices or state the price after a discount. They carried out the tasks by turns, either by standing (single-task) or walking with a shopping basket (dual-task). EEG controlled level of their attention. Results: We found that a cognitive-motor interference do not affected the everyday mental calculations. But, such familiar mental arithmetic as calculating prices after discounts was frighteningly difficultfor the participants. Conclusions: While our findingdoes not confirmthe occurrence of dual-task costs in everyday mental calculations, it has profound consequences for a mathematical education, which effects turn out to be useless in real life.
    Źródło:
    Studia Edukacyjne; 2018, 49; 145-155
    1233-6688
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Edukacyjne
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A Social Network Approach to the Dual Aspect of Moral Competence
    Autorzy:
    Salej Higgins, Silvio
    Vega Sanabria, Guillermo
    Unger Raphael Bataglia, Patrícia
    Fontenele Gonçalves, Erick
    Ferreira da Silva Carmo, Lavínia
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29433355.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Moral competence
    cognition
    emotion
    social networks analysis
    MCT-xt
    Opis:
    This work presents evidence supporting the relationship between the dual aspect of moral competence (emotion and cognition) and social networks in school settings. We conducted empirical research with 160 students from various disciplines of the social sciences and different cohorts in two Brazilian public universities. Firstly, the participants responded to Georg Lind’s Moral Competence Test (MCT-xt). Following this, a sociometric generator regarding relationships of friendship and collaboration in social networks was applied, and several Exponential Random Graphs Models (ERGMs), with the MCT-xt score as an exogenous effect and predictor of these relationships, were utilized. We also used a Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis in order to determine if the cohorts, where the average MCT-xt was associated with the interactional structure, obeyed the same causal configuration. There exist two conditional configurations: (1) a sufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a proactive search of collaboration; (2) an insufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a collaborative exchange based on the popularity of some individuals. This work reveals how to interpret, at the grouping level, the results of MCT-xt.
    Źródło:
    Ethics in Progress; 2023, 14, 1; 144-168
    2084-9257
    Pojawia się w:
    Ethics in Progress
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wariantywność form fleksyjnych rzeczowników w listach polskich z lat 1525-1550 (rzeczowniki rodzaju nijakiego; rzeczowniki typu podskarbi, podczaszy; pluralia tantum; pluralne nazwy geograficzne; formy liczby podwójnej)
    Inflectional Variation of Nouns in the Letters in Polish from the Years 1525-1550 (Neutral Gender Nouns; Nouns of the Type podskarbi, podczaszy, pluaria tantum; Plural Geographical Names; Dual Number Forms)
    Autorzy:
    Osiewicz, Marek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1375422.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    The article is the third and last part of the description of inflectional variation of nouns in the letters in Polish from the first half of the 16th century. The present chapter concerns the neutral gender nouns, the nouns of the type podskarbi (treasurer), podczaszy (cup-bearer), the nouns belonging to the category plurale tantum, plural geographical terms, as well as the nominal forms of dual number. The analysis embraced only these grammatical categories which revealed, in excerpted letters, the oppositions of isomorphic character significant for the process of normalization of the Polish language. With regard to the neutral gender nouns these are: instrumental and locative cases of the singular number as well as genitive, dative, instrumental and locative cases of the plural number. Separate attention was paid to the inflection of the noun książę (prince). Within the nouns of the type podskarbi and podczaszy, the author discussed the forms of the instrumental case of the singular number and of the nominative, dative, accusative and instrumental cases of the plural number. With reference to plural nouns, the analysis concerned the forms of the dative and accusative cases of the noun ludzie (people) and the dative and locative cases of the plural geographical names. The rivalry between the dual and plural forms was subject to a complex analysis. The condition of inflectional variation of the above specified nouns, confirmed in the letters in Polish, shows considerable similarity to the condition depicted in other texts originating from the same period. The violations of the 16th-century norms result from the operation of purely innovative tendencies and, mostly, refer to the more frequent usage of the endings -em in the instrumental case in the singular number, -am in the dative case in the plural number and -ach in the locative case in the plural number of neuters as well as to a higher percentage of the occurrence of a new form of the accusative case of the plural number of the nouns such as poddany (serf) and the plural forms of the genitive and locative cases of the nouns preceded by the numerals dwa (two) and oba (both). The last chapter of the article sums up the completed analysis. It indicates that, as far as the inflection of nouns is concerned, the Polish language used in the letters shows a relatively small degree of normalization. Among the variants certified in the analysed correspondence, the progressive forms prevail, which proves the innovative character of the variety of the language represented in the letters. The range of inflectional variation is wider than in printed texts from that period, however, the differences are not so considerable. The violations of the inflectional norms in printed texts, confirmed in the letters, result from an approximately uniform influence of the tendencies promoting progressive forms as well as the conservative tendencies. Moreover, the analysis showed that the Polish language used in the letters is closer to the language of the texts of Glaber than to the Polish language of paleotypes, characterised by much more restrictive approach to the traditional norm.
    Źródło:
    Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza; 2009, 15; 223-259
    1233-8672
    2450-4939
    Pojawia się w:
    Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-14 z 14

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