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    Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 15
    Tytuł:
    Frederick W. Kagan, Finding the Target. The Transformation of American Military Policy, New York 2006, ss. 444.
    Book Review: Frederick W. Kagan, Finding the Target. The Transformation of American Military Policy
    Autorzy:
    Raubo, Jacek
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/641899.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Strategiczny; 2011, 1; 268-271
    2084-6991
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Strategiczny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Deutsch lernt man meistens auf Niederländisch. Zielsprachengebrauch im schulischen Fremdsprachenunterricht in den Niederlanden. German you learn mostly in Dutch. Target language use in language teaching at schools in the Netherlands
    German you learn mostly in Dutch. Target language use in language teaching at schools in the Netherlands
    Autorzy:
    Jentges, Sabine
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/914797.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-06-20
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    German as a foreign language (GFL)
    contrastive language teaching
    teaching material
    target language use
    Netherlands.
    Opis:
    Teaching German as a foreign language in the Netherlands is mostly contrastive in nature – at all language levels. It is repeatedly argued that this is due to the close proximity of the two languages. Therefore, Dutch GFL textbooks use both target and source language throughout. At the same time, both learners and teachers repeatedly state that too little German is spoken in GFL-teaching in the Netherlands. This paper discusses the target language use at schools in the Netherlands by critically analysing (a selection of) GFL teaching materials. And the situation of German teaching in general.
    Źródło:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2016, 43, 1; 107-121
    0072-4769
    Pojawia się w:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Second language learners’ divergence from target language pragmatic norms
    Autorzy:
    Pia Gomez-Laich, Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780961.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    pragmatic competence
    language learning
    identity
    Opis:
    Pragmatic competence is an indispensable aspect of language ability in order for second and foreign language (L2/FL) learners to understand and be understood in their interactions with both native and nonnative speakers of the target language. Without a proper understanding of the pragmatic rules in the target language, learners may run the risk of coming across as insensitive and rude. Several researchers (Bardovi-Harlig, 2001; Kasper & Rose, 2002) suggest that L2 pragmatics not only can be taught in the L2/FL classroom, but, more importantly, that explicit approaches that involve direct explanation of target pragmatic features are beneficial for learning pragmatics. Just as native speakers of a language acquire a “set of dispositions to act in certain ways, which generates cognitive and bodily practices in the individual” (Watts, 2003, p. 149), instructors can help learners to become aware of the pragmatic features that characterize the target language. Although the importance of explicit teaching of pragmatics is well recognized in the literature, learning norms and rules of pragmatics largely depends on learners’ subjectivity. Learners’ convergence or divergence from the L2 pragmatic norms, both consciously and out of awareness, sometimes depends on whether these norms fit their image of self and their L1 cultural identity. Since identity-related conflict can have significant consequences for the acquisition of second language pragmatics, failing to consider the centrality of learners’ identities will produce an inadequate understanding of SLA. This paper synthesizes studies that document the reasons why learners opt to remain foreign by resisting certain L2 practices. The following synthesis question was proposed: Why do language learners resist the pragmatic norms of the target language?
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2016, 6, 2; 249-269
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Language learning strategies: An holistic view
    Autorzy:
    Griffiths, Carol
    Cansiz, Gökhan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047073.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    learner differences
    learning target
    learning context
    orchestration
    number
    frequency
    Opis:
    The language learning strategy question has been debated on a number of levels, including definition, the strategy/success relationship and strategy coordination. In addition, awareness has been steadily growing of the importance of taking an holistic view of the strategy phenomenon and examining strategies not just in isolation but as part of an overall picture which includes learning situation, learning target and individual learner characteristics. This article will first of all review the literature and the previous research on these controversial issues, and suggest a workable definition. Then, in order to illustrate the importance of such an holistic view, the results of a small scale study which looks at the strategies used by 16 successful language learners who were all either teaching English or teaching in English at university level will be reported. The quantitative results indicated that these successful learners used many strategies, especially those that suited their goals and their situations; they also frequently used and carefully orchestrated strategy repertoires which suited their own individual needs. The responses of one highly successful respondent were also examined qualitatively. The implications of these findings and the importance of viewing learners holistically are discussed and suggestions are made for ongoing research.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2015, 5, 3; 473-493
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The involvement of Polish teachers of English in teaching target language culture
    Autorzy:
    Zybert, Jerzy
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1047960.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-02-07
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    culture
    communication
    language learning
    teaching
    Opis:
    The present paper discusses the current perception of the concept of culture with relation to FL students’ needs. It explores the extent to which Polish teachers of English are aware of the significance of teaching target culture and reports on its actual implementation in the language classroom. Comments on the present situation and suggestions for improving it are provided.
    Źródło:
    Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia; 2018, 18; 259-265
    1509-4146
    Pojawia się w:
    Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Beliefs and experiences in the English classroom: Perspectives of Swedish primary school learners
    Autorzy:
    Nilsson, Maria
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780789.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    young language learners
    learner beliefs
    target language use
    foreign language anxiety
    sense of agency
    Opis:
    This study investigates how Swedish learners make sense of and perceive English instruction and the process of foreign language learning in a target language-only primary school classroom. In small group discussions, 26 learners aged 9-10 were audio recorded while discussing questions related to their language learner beliefs and their classroom experiences. Learners expressed a strong consensus about the importance of both the teacher’s extensive target language input and the learners’ oral engagement, in alignment with the beliefs of the teacher. However, the analysis identified three mismatches among high anxiety learners in this context, related to incomprehensible teacher talk, social fear of making mistakes and classroom organization. As their voiced beliefs were at odds with their emotionally guided behavior of refraining from asking questions or volunteering to speak, their sense of agency was reduced. In this context, the target language-only approach appeared to have a negative impact on the emotional, organizational and instructional dimensions of foreign language instruction for many of the young learners. The findings illustrate the interrelated dynamics of beliefs, emotions and classroom context, and contribute to our understanding of learners’ foreign language anxiety and sense of agency in the primary foreign language classroom.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2020, 10, 2; 257-281
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Classroom anxiety and enjoyment in CLIL and non-CLIL: Does the target language matter?
    Autorzy:
    De Smet, Audrey
    Mettewie, Laurence
    Galand, Benoit
    Hiligsmann, Philippe
    Van Mensel, Luk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/780975.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    anxiety
    enjoyment
    CLIL
    English
    Dutch
    Opis:
    This study investigates pupils’ anxiety and enjoyment in the classroom when learning a second or foreign language. The particularity of this study lies in the comparison of two target languages (English and Dutch) in two educational contexts (CLIL and non-CLIL) at different instruction levels (primary and secondary education). While most research on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) focuses on English as a target language, the Belgian context calls for a comparison with the language of the “other” community, in this case Dutch. Data were collected from 896 pupils in French-speaking Belgium through a self-report questionnaire measuring pupils’ anxiety and enjoyment in the classroom, along with background characteristics. Results indicate that while CLIL pupils experience significantly less anxiety than their non-CLIL counterparts, English learners report significantly less anxiety and more enjoyment than Dutch learners. This suggests an important role of the target language for emotional engagement in the classroom and calls for further investigation into the role of target language perceptions. Finally, the interactions with instruction level reveal that while primary school pupils report stronger emotions, the effects of CLIL and English are much larger at secondary level.
    Źródło:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching; 2018, 8, 1; 47-71
    2083-5205
    2084-1965
    Pojawia się w:
    Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    TRAPS OF ENGLISH AS A TARGET LANGUAGE IN LEGAL TRANSLATION
    PUŁAPKI JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO JAKO DOCELOWEGO W PRZEKŁADZIE PRAWNICZYM
    Autorzy:
    CHROMÁ, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/920687.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    przekład prawniczy
    analiza jurilingwistyczna
    analiza konceptualna
    terminologia prawnicza
    legal translation
    jurilinguistic analysis
    conceptual analysis
    legal terminology
    Opis:
    Translating legal texts into English requires that a translator should make a qualified decision with respect to a variety of legal English, or its modification, to be used as the target language. The analysis should be aimed at choosing the best possible “variety” of legal English at all “linguistic” levels – grammatical (morphology and syntax), semantic and conceptual (relevant terminological choice), textual (relevant text types/genres) and pragmatic (considering potential addressees). The decision relating to “which legal English” should be used may often be motivated by the type of target legal system (e.g. common law, continental law, sharia, etc.) and by an envisaged ultimate recipient of the translated text (whether the recipient has any legal background, previous experience in legal transactions conducted in English, etc.). The paper deals with the relevant aspects of such decision-making and provides examples of both useful options and confusing alternatives.
    Przekład tekstów prawniczych na język angielski wymaga podejmowania świadomych decyzji translatorskich dotyczących wyboru wariantu języka docelowego i jego ewentualnych modyfikacji. Analiza powinna mieć na celu dokonanie wyboru najlepszego z możliwych wariantów na wszelkich poziomach: gramatycznym (morfologia i składnia), semantycznym oraz konceptualnym (wybór właściwej terminologii), a także pragmatycznym (uwzględnienie potencjalnego odbiorcy tekstu). Wybór wariantu może być uzależniony od docelowego systemu prawnego (prawo kontynentalne, common law, shariat, itd.) i docelowego odbiorcy (jego znajomości prawa, doświadczenia w obrocie prawnym, itd.). Praca dotyczy wybranych aspektów procesu decyzyjnego tłumacza. Autorka ilustruje wywody przykładami przydatnych rozwiązań i niebezpiecznych pułapek.
    Źródło:
    Comparative Legilinguistics; 2016, 26, 1; 71-97
    2080-5926
    2391-4491
    Pojawia się w:
    Comparative Legilinguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Proposing a comprehensive framework for needs analysis in ESP – on the integrality of needs analysis in Business English course design
    Autorzy:
    Romanowski, Piotr
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15582172.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023-02-14
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    needs analysis
    ESP
    Business English
    course design
    syllabus design
    target situation analysis
    learning situation analysis
    Opis:
    The present paper discusses the importance of needs analysis in ESP. By delving into different theories, the author’s overall objective is to scrutinize a wide spectrum of existing frameworks that would lead to a single, comprehensive model for needs assessment. The impact of the said approaches on course design is underlined with the particular example of Business English. Ultimately, the author unveils a framework which could serve as a basis for syllabus design in all types of ESP courses.
    Źródło:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2017, 44, 2; 147-159
    0072-4769
    Pojawia się w:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    От реальности к виртуальному миру и обратно: как язык помог нам в освоении Интернета и что произошло потом (на материале русского и польского языков)
    Autorzy:
    Starodvorskaia, Ekaterina
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1026458.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-05-05
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    conceptual metaphor
    Internet
    the Polish language
    the Russian language
    source and target domains
    Opis:
    The paper deals with the linguistic means that had helped us to adapt to virtual reality and that now seem to us to have existed always. The words and expressions didn’t appear out ofnowhere – they were imported from our everyday language where they had been used for naming objects and processes in the real world. Thus the new realm, such as the physical one, was marked by language signs that determine the nature and the structure of our conception of the Internet which is interpreted generally as a physical space (different types of the latter). These signs are described here in terms of conceptual metaphor theory. Recently we have been dealing with some new, “web-born” expressions. It is shown that such expressions are no more limited to the describing of the Internet and are extended to the real world; it can be said they provide us with new tools to interpret the “old” reality. Thereby we can see the very moment when the source and the target domains (that is real and virtual worlds) are switching their places.
    Źródło:
    Studia Rossica Posnaniensia; 2021, 46, 1; 201-210
    0081-6884
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Rossica Posnaniensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    СТАТУС УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В КОНТЕКСТІ БАГАТОМОВНОСТІ: ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ
    UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTILINGUALISM: SELECTED ISSUES
    Autorzy:
    REDKVA, MARIYA
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1041616.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    multilingualism
    bilingualism
    mother tongue
    heritage language
    target language
    Ukrainian language
    migration
    wielojęzyczność
    dwujęzyczność
    język ojczysty
    język odziedziczony
    język docelowy
    język ukraiński
    migracja
    Opis:
    W artykule przedstawiono sytuację języka ukraińskiego we współczesnych społeczeństwach wielokulturowych. Wybrane zagadnienia prezentują tradycyjny rozwój, przetrwanie oraz zachowanie języka w kraju oraz w warunkach emigracji. Socjolingwistyczne badania tego problemu są bardzo ważne dla tworzenia całościowego obrazu rozwoju języka. Cel artykułu polega na przedstawieniu miejsca języka ukraińskiego w kontekście wielojęzyczności współczesnego świata oraz na porównywaniu takich definicji, jak dwujęzyczność, język ojczysty, język odziedziczony, język docelowy, pierwszy i drugi język w różnych językach (przede wszystkim w angielskim, polskim oraz ukraińskim) w odniesieniu właśnie do języka ukraińskiego. Ważnym aspektem jest porównywanie sytuacji języka ukraińskiego w diasporze w różnych krajach oraz znaczenia języka dla przedstawicieli różnych fal emigracji. Znaczenie języka dla każdego kolejnego pokolenia, skutki interferencji językowej, sposoby na zachowanie języka to podstawowe zagadnienia, które są interesujące zarówno dla językoznawców, jak i socjologów.
    The article deals with the situation of Ukrainian language in contemporary multicultural societies. Selected issues present traditional ways of developing, existence and maintenance of the language in its home country and abroad. Sociolinguistic studies of this problem are very important for the coherent view of language developing processes. The aim of the paper is to represent the place of Ukrainian in the context of multilingualism of the modem world and to compare such definitions as bilingualism, mother tongue, heritage language, target language, first language and second language in different languages (English, Polish and Ukrainian) with reference to Ukrainian. One of the main research issues is comparing of lingual situation of Ukrainian in diaspora in different countries and its meaning for representatives of different waves of emigration. Meaning the language for each next generation, consequences of the language interference, ways of maintenance are the main issues interesting not just for linguists, but for sociologists so far.
    Źródło:
    Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia; 2020, 8, 1; 147-155
    2300-4754
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Da oder weil, daher oder deswegen? / Weil es nicht zielsprachenadäquat ist…? Deswegen! Zielsprachenadäquate Ausdrücke von Kausalität in L1- und L2-Texten im Deutschen
    Autorzy:
    Laurentzen, Chrissy
    Jentges, Sabine
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/913296.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018-02-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    German as a foreign language (GFL)
    causality
    target language adequacy
    grammar books
    educational material
    advanced L2-learners
    functionality
    grammatical categories
    Netherlands
    Opis:
    Grammar books for L2-learners mostly follow grammatical themes, e.g. sentence – verb – conjunctions. However, when a L2-learner composes a text, he will probably focus more on the function he wants to express than the form he wants to use. In this article, functionality versus grammatical categories will be discussed in order to answer the question, whether and – if so – how German and Dutch students differ in their way of expressing causality in academic writing. An analysis of German Bachelor’s and Master’s theses written by German and Dutch students showed differences between these groups in their use of subcategories (word classes) and specific words for expressing causality. The absence of a functional structure and specific information about the use of causal connectives in grammar books can therefore be regarded asan important cause for these findings. Especially for advanced L2-learners of German it seems recommendable to organize grammar books to put a greater focus on function (rather than form).
    Źródło:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics; 2017, 44, 2; 41-57
    0072-4769
    Pojawia się w:
    Glottodidactica. An International Journal of Applied Linguistics
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Das Prinzip Natürlichkeit in Deutsch als Zielsprache: Bemerkungen zur Wörtlichkeit in der zielsprachlichen Wiedergabe von Phraseologismen als Strategie der Übersetzung von Prosatexten
    The Principle of Naturalness in German as a Target Language: Observations on Literal Translation in the TL-Rendering of Phraseological Units as a Translation Strategy for Prose Texts
    Autorzy:
    Bąk, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038004.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009-06-15
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Opis:
    In translations of literary works, recipients of the target text know only the results of the translation process; readers are unfamiliar with the original and are unaware of the translation’s deviations from the original text, as well as the fate of source-language phraseological units. In a translated text, only word-for-word translations and subsequently unnatural-sounding passages stand out. They seem artificial and non-literary even to readers that do not know the original. It is therefore reasonable to use the criterion of naturalness when discussing and assessing translation solutions. The “invisible” effects of a neutralization strategy for dealing with phraseological units may become apparent here, especially in descriptions of protagonists in the source-language work. The phraseological features that especially stand out when editing a translation are expressions translated word-for-word that have an artificial effect. In this context, interlingual comparison appears to be extremely helpful. This issue is addressed using the example of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s novel Bez dogmatu (Without Dogma), a work nearly forgotten today. 
    Źródło:
    Investigationes Linguisticae; 2009, 17; 35-46
    1426-188X
    1733-1757
    Pojawia się w:
    Investigationes Linguisticae
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    La idiosincrasia del lenguaje almodovariano y su repercusión sobre la traducción. Analisis de algunas de las soluciones en el campo de la variación lingüística del subtitulado en polaco de “Volver” (2006)
    The stylistic idiosyncrasy of Almodóvar’s speech and its influence on the target text. Analysis of some translation strategies for rendering social dialects in the Polish version of the film "Volver" (2006)
    Autorzy:
    Ciordia, Leticia Santamaría
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1051447.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-01-01
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
    Tematy:
    Subtitling
    Audiovisual translation
    Almodóvar
    Idiosyncrasy
    Faithfulness
    Opis:
    The identification of an original and idiosyncratic style in the work of the Spanish filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar provides the tone of the speech with a semantic function: linguistic variation and specific registers help to transmit the message and intention of the author. As a consequence of this, the possibilities for the translation being carried away in similar linguistic terms to those of the original text will be higher than in texts without linguistic peculiarities or stylistically unmarked. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the influence exerted by the original author in the reception of his work abroad and, consequently, in its translation. In this sense, we will analyse the informative value of certain linguistic uses as well as the importance of enriching stylistically the subtitles in these connotative texts through the example of Almodóvar’s film "Volver" and its translation into Polish (2006).
    Źródło:
    Studia Romanica Posnaniensia; 2012, 39, 2; 57-70
    0137-2475
    2084-4158
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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