Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

Wyszukujesz frazę "przepływ ciepła" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Non-stationary heat transfer in two-phase hollow cylinder with functionally graded effective material properties with second kind of boundary conditions
Niestacjonarny przepływ ciepła w przewodniku cylindrycznym z warunkami brzegowymi drugiego rodzaju
Autorzy:
Ostrowski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/395935.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
przewodnictwo cieplne
niestacjonarny przepływ ciepła
kompozyt
heat conduction
FGM
composite
Opis:
The unidirectional non-stationary heat conduction in two-phase hollow cylinder is considered. The conductor is made of two-phase stratified composites and has a smooth gradation of effective properties in the radial direction. Therefore, we deal here with a special case of functionally graded materials, FGM (cf. [6]). The formulation of mathematical model of the conductor is based on the tolerance averaging approach (TAA), cf. [8]. Considerations in this paper are restricted only to the unidirectional nonstationary heat conduction, where on the boundaries are given [phi]-constant or periodic function of heat fluxes q_o = q_o([phi]t), qk = qk([phi]t) for every time period t, and function of initial temperature [...]. The effect of fibres width on the temperature field will be also examined.
Przedmiotem rozważań niniejszej pracy jest analiza wpływu pewnych parametrów geometrycznych przewodnika na przebieg pola temperatur dla zagadnienia niestacjonarnego przepływu ciepła. Rozpatrywany przewodnik jest dwuskładnikowym kompozytem o deterministycznej mikrostrukturze, który w kierunku kątowym jest .- periodyczny (dla ustalonego promienia .), a w kierunku promieniowym jego efektywne własności zmieniają się w sposób wolnozmienny. Stąd, mamy tutaj do czynienia ze szczególnym przypadkiem materiału o funkcyjnej gradacji własności, FGM (por. Suresh , Mortensen, 1998). Samo zjawisko przewodznia ciepła opisane jest równaniem Fouriera, które zawiera nieciągłe i silnie oscylujące współczynniki. Model matematyczny opisujący zjawisko przewodzenia ciepła w rozpatrywanym kompozycie opierać się będzie na technice tolerancyjnej aproksymacji (por. Woźniak, Wierzbicki, 2000). W pracy ograniczymy się jedynie do przypadku jednowymiarowego przepływu ciepła, w którym na brzegach przewodnika dana jest stała bądź periodyczna funkcja gęstości strumienia ciepła q0 = q0(.,t), qk = qk(.,t) dla dowolnej chwili czasu t, oraz funkcja pola temperatury .0 = .0(.,t) w chwili początkowej t = t0. Rozpatrywano również wpływ szerokości inkluzji na prędkość zmian pola temperatury w obszarze przewodnika.
Źródło:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports; 2010, 5; 113-122
2080-5187
2450-8594
Pojawia się w:
Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Conjugate heat and mass transfer on fluctuating mixed convection flow along a vertical wedge with thermal radiation
Autorzy:
Firoza, M. N.
Roy, N. C.
Hossain, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264573.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
mixed convection
thermal radiation
vertical wedge
promieniowanie cieplne
przepływ ciepła
niska częstotliwość
Opis:
We study the boundary layer characteristics of heat and mass transfer flow past a vertical wedge in the presence of thermal radiation. The surface temperature and the species concentration are assumed to be oscillating in the magnitude but not in the direction of oncoming flow velocity. The governing equations have been solved by two distinct methods, namely, the straightforward finite difference method for the entire frequency range, and the series solution for the low frequency range and the asymptotic series expansion method for the high frequency range. Numerical solutions have been presented in terms of the amplitudes and phase angles of the skin friction, the rate of heat transfer and the mass transfer with the variations of Richardson’s number, the Prandtl number, the conduction–radiation parameter, the surface temperature parameter and the Schmidt number. Furthermore, the effects of these parameters are examined in terms of the transient skin friction, heat transfer and mass transfer.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2017, 22, 3; 539-565
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical solution of singularly perturbed two parameter problems using exponential splines
Autorzy:
Padmaja, P.
Aparna, P.
Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy
Pothanna, N.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839837.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
przepływ ciepła
wartość graniczna
katalizator
singular perturbation
convection-diffusion problems
exponential spline
numerical convergence
Opis:
In this paper, we have studied a method based on exponential splines for numerical solution of singularly perturbed two parameter boundary value problems. The boundary value problem is solved on a Shishkin mesh by using exponential splines. Numerical results are tabulated for different values of the perturbation parameters. From the numerical results, it is found that the method approximates the exact solution very well.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2021, 26, 2; 160-172
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
An effect of binary fluid on the thermal performance of pulsation heat pipe
Autorzy:
Barrak, Anwar S.
Ali, Nawfal M
Ali, Hussein Hayder Mohammed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174164.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
rura cieplna
przepływ dwufazowy
przepływ ciepła
binary fluid
oscillation heat pipe
two phase flow
thermal resistance
heat transfer
Opis:
A pulsation heat pipe is an efficient heat pipe used in many engineering applications. This study aims to test the effect of working fluids on the thermal performance of pulsation heat pipe. Seven turned pulsation heat pipes were designed and manufactured from a copper pipe with a 3.5 mm inner diameter. The lengths of an evaporation part, an adiabatic passage, and a condenser part were 300 mm, 210 mm, and 300 mm, respectively. In this study, three different fluids were used as the working fluid: distilled water, methanol, and binary fluid (a mixture of water and methanol) with a 50% filling ratio. Compared to water, the experimental results suggested that methanol had a better thermal performance when used as a working fluid in the PHP. On the other hand, a binary fluid enhanced the lower thermal performance of water (29% reduction in the thermal resistance and a 20% increase in the effective thermal conductivity of the PHP).
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2022, 27, 1; 21--34
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Slip effects on boundary layer flow and heat transfer along a stretching cylinder
Autorzy:
Mukhopadhyay, S.
Gorla, R. S. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/265760.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
warstwa graniczna
cylinder
poślizg
przepływ ciepła
boundary layer
stretching cylinder
partial slip
heat transfer
similarity solution
Opis:
An axi-symmetric laminar boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid and heat transfer towards a stretching cylinder is presented. Velocity slip is considered instead of the no-slip condition at the boundary. Similarity transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations corresponding to the momentum and heat equations into non-linear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by the shooting method. It is found that the velocity decreases with increasing the slip parameter. The skin friction as well as the heat transfer rate at the surface is larger for a cylinder compared to those for a flat plate.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2013, 18, 2; 447-459
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of time-fractional heat transfer and its thermal deflection in a circular plate by a moving heat source
Autorzy:
Thakare, S.
Warbhe, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839807.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
naprężenie termiczne
transformata
przepływ ciepła
fractional order
circular plate
integral transform
Mittag-Leffler function
thermal stresses
Opis:
Mathematical modeling of a thin circular plate has been made by considering a nonlocal Caputo type time fractional heat conduction equation of order […], by the action of a moving heat source. Physically convective heat exchange boundary conditions are applied at lower, upper and outer curved surface of the plate. Temperature distribution and thermal deflection has been investigated by a quasi-static approach in the context of fractional order heat conduction. The integral transformation technique is used to analyze the analytical solution to the problem. Numerical computation including the effect of the fractional order parameter has been done for temperature and deflection and illustrated graphically for an aluminum material.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2020, 25, 3; 158-168
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Peristaltic flow and heat transfer of a conducting Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid in an asymmetric channel – application to chyme movement in small intestine
Autorzy:
Vajravelu, K.
Sreenadh, S.
Dhananjaya, S.
Lakshminarayana, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264569.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
perystaltyka
płyn nienewtonowski
przepływ ciepła
peristaltic flow
Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid
asymmetric channel
porous medium
trapping phenomena
Opis:
In this paper, the influence of heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of a conducting Phan-Thien-Tanner fluid in an asymmetric channel with porous medium is studied. The coupled nonlinear governing differential equations are solved by a perturbation technique. The expressions for the temperature field, the stream function, the axial velocity, and the pressure gradient are obtained. The effects of the various physical parameters such as the magnetic parameter M, the permeability parameter σ, the Brinkman number Br and the Weissenberg number We on the pumping phenomenon are analyzed through graphs and the results are discussed in detail. It is observed that the velocity and the pressure are decreased with increasing the magnetic parameter M whereas the effect of the parameter M on the temperature field is quite the opposite.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2016, 21, 3; 713-736
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unsteady laminar mixed convection boundary layer flow near a vertical wedge due to oscillations in the free-stream and surface temperature
Autorzy:
Roy, N. C.
Hossain, A.
Hussain, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264762.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
konwekcja mieszana
granica przepływu warstwy
przepływ ciepła
mixed convection
boundary layer flow
vertical wedge
free-stream oscillation
Opis:
The unsteady laminar boundary layer characteristics of mixed convection flow past a vertical wedge have been investigated numerically. The free-stream velocity and surface temperature are assumed to be oscillating in the magnitude but not in the direction of the oncoming flow velocity. The governing equations have been solved by two distinct methods, namely, the straightforward finite difference method for the entire frequency range, and the extended series solution for low frequency range and the asymptotic series expansion method for high frequency range. The results demonstrate the effects of the Richardson number, Ri, introduced to quantify the influence of mixed convection and the Prandtl number, Pr, on the amplitudes and phase angles of the skin friction and heat transfer. In addition, the effects of these parameters are examined in terms of the transient skin friction and heat transfer.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2016, 21, 1; 169-186
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of thermal diffusion and viscous dissipation on unsteady MHD free convection flow past a vertical porous plate under oscillatory suction velocity with heat sink
Autorzy:
Prabhakar Reddy, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955143.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
płyta pionowa
prędkość ssania
pole elektromagnetyczne
przepływ ciepła i masy
magnetohydrodynamika
MHD
vertical plate
oscillatory suction velocity
heat sink
Galerkin FEM
Opis:
The thermal diffusion and viscous dissipation effects on an unsteady MHD free convection heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting, fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium of time dependent permeability under oscillatory suction velocity in the presence of a heat absorbing sink have been studied. It is considered that the influence of a uniform magnetic field acts normal to the flow and the permeability of the porous medium fluctuates with time. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation have been solved numerically by using the efficient Galerkin finite element method. The numerical results obtained have been presented through graphs and tables for the thermal Grashof number (Gr > 0) corresponding to the cooling of the porous plate and (Gr < 0) corresponding to heating of the porous plate to observe the effects of various material parameters encountered in the problem under investigation. Numerical data for skin-friction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated and then discussed.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2014, 19, 2; 303-320
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unsteady MHD heat transfer in Couette flow of water at 4°c in a rotating system with ramped temperature via finite element method
Autorzy:
Reddy, G. J.
Raju, R. S.
Rao, J. A.
Gorla, R. S. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/265043.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
MHD
Couette flow
heat transfer
FEM
magnetohydrodynamika
przepływ Couette'a
transfer ciepła
Opis:
An unsteady magnetohydromagnetic natural convection on the Couette flow of electrically conducting water at 4°C (Pr = 11.40) in a rotating system has been considered. A Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to find the numerical solutions of the dimensionless governing coupled boundary layer partial differential equations. The primary velocity, secondary velocity and temperature of water at 4°C as well as shear stresses and rate of heat transfer have been obtained for both ramped temperature and isothermal plates. The results are independent of the mesh (grid) size and the present numerical solutions through the Finite Element Method (FEM) are in good agreement with the existing analytical solutions by the Laplace Transform Technique (LTT). These are shown in tabular and graphical forms.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2017, 22, 1; 145-161
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unsteady MHD mixed convection flow of a micropolar fluid over a vertical wedge
Autorzy:
Roy, N. C.
Gorla, R. S. R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/264759.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
micropolar fluid
unsteady flow
radiation
heat generation
płyn mikropolarny
przepływ nieustalony
promieniowanie
wytwarzanie ciepła
Opis:
An analysis is presented to investigate the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection boundary-layer flow of a micropolar fluid over a vertical wedge in the presence of thermal radiation and heat generation or absorption. The free-stream velocity and surface temperature are assumed to be oscillating in magnitude but not in the direction of the oncoming flow velocity. The governing equations have been solved by two distinct methods, namely, the finite difference method for the entire frequency range, and the series solution for low frequency range and the asymptotic series expansion method for the high frequency range. Numerical solutions provide a good agreement with the series solutions. The amplitudes of skin friction and couple stress coefficients are found to be strongly dependent on the Richardson number and the vortex viscosity parameter. The Prandtl number, the conduction-radiation parameter, the surface temperature parameter and the pressure gradient parameter significantly affect the amplitudes of skin friction, couple stress and surface heat transfer rates. However, the amplitudes of skin friction coefficient are considerably affected by the magnetic field parameter, whereas the amplitudes of heat transfer rate are appreciably changed with the heat generation or absorption parameter. In addition, results are presented for the transient skin friction, couple stress and heat transfer rate with the variations of the Richardson number, the vortex viscosity parameter, the pressure gradient parameter and the magnetic field parameter.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2017, 22, 2; 363-391
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A new approach for study the electrohydrodynamic oscillatory flow through a porous medium in a heating compliant channel
Autorzy:
Haroun, M. H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1839817.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
przepływ oscylacyjny
elektrohydrodynamika
wymiana ciepła
oscillatory flow
electrohydrodynamics
porous medium
heat transfer
compliant channel
Opis:
The governing equations of an electrohydrodynamic oscillatory flow were simplified, using appropriate nondimensional quantities and the conversion relationships between fixed and moving frame coordinates. The obtained system of equations is solved analytically by using the regular perturbation method with a small wave number. In this study, modified non-dimensional quantities were used that made fluid pressure in the resulting equations dependent on both axial and vertical coordinates. The current study is more realistic and general than the previous studies in which the fluid pressure is considered functional only in the axial coordinate. A new approach enabled the author to find an analytical form of fluid pressure while previous studies have not been able to find it but have found only the pressure gradient. Analytical expressions for the stream function, electrical potential function and temperature distribution are obtained. The results show that the electrical potential function decreases by the increase of the Prandtl number, secondary wave amplitude ratio and width of the channel.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2020, 25, 3; 30-44
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mathematical modeling of magneto pulsatile blood flow through a porous medium with a heat source
Autorzy:
Sharma, B. K.
Sharma, M.
Gaur, R. K.
Mishra, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/266184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
heat source
blood flow
porous medium
MHD
źródło ciepła
przepływ krwi
materiały porowate
magnetohydrodynamika
Opis:
In the present study a mathematical model for the hydro-magnetic non-Newtonian blood flow in the non-Darcy porous medium with a heat source and Joule effect is proposed. A uniform magnetic field acta perpendicular to the porous surface. The governing non-linear partial differential equations have been solved numerically by applying the explicit finite difference Method (FDM). The effects of various parameters such as the Reynolds number, hydro-magnetic parameter, Forchheimer parameter, Darcian parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number, heat source parameter, Schmidt number on the velocity, temperature and concentration have been examined with the help of graphs. The present study finds its applications in surgical operations, industrial material processing and various heat transfer operations.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2015, 20, 2; 385-396
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
MHD two-layered unsteady fluid flow and heat transfer through a horizontal channel between
Autorzy:
Linga Raju, T.
Nagavalli, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/955179.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
magnetohydrodynamika
przepływ niestacjonarny
transfer ciepła
magnetohydrodynamics
immiscible fluids
rotating fluid
unsteady flow
heat transfer
Opis:
An unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) two-layered fluids flow and heat transfer in a horizontal channel between two parallel plates in the presence of an applied magnetic and electric field is investigated, when the whole system is rotated about an axis perpendicular to the flow. The flow is driven by a constant uniform pressure gradient in the channel bounded by two parallel insulating plates, when both fluids are considered as electrically conducting, incompressible with variable properties, viz. different viscosities, thermal and electrical conductivities. The transport properties of the two fluids are taken to be constant and the bounding plates are maintained at constant and equal temperatures. The governing partial differential equations are then reduced to the ordinary linear differential equations using two-term series. Closed form solutions for primary and secondary velocity, also temperature distributions are obtained in both the fluid regions of the channel. Profiles of these solutions are plotted to discuss the effects of the flow and heat transfer characteristics, and their dependence on the governing parameters involved, such as the Hartmann number, rotation parameter, ratios of the viscosities, heights, electrical and thermal conductivities.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2014, 19, 1; 97-121
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Numerical study on thermal performance of water flow in a twisted duct heat exchanger
Autorzy:
Rashed, Musaab K.
Jehhef, Kadhum Audaa
Badawy, Faris Ali
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2174205.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Zielonogórski. Oficyna Wydawnicza
Tematy:
konwekcja mieszana
wymiennik ciepła
przepływ laminarny
mixed convection
twisted square duct
heat exchanger
laminar flow
Opis:
This paper presents a numerical study of heat transfer through a downstream annulus using water as the working fluid within the laminar flow region. The annulus consisted of an outer twisted square duct and an inner circular pipe. A three-dimensional formulation was used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations numerically for the laminar flow system with a low Reynolds number. Three parameters were used in the numerical simulation: the length of the twisted square [...] the inner diameter of the inner circular pipe [...] and 25 mm and the twist angle [...]. Numerical calculations were conducted on sixteen twisted square duct heat exchangers, with water flowing within a Reynolds number range of .220 1100− The results were illustrated as a profile of the thermal enhancement factor, the friction factor and the Nusselt number. The results show that the twisted outer duct of the heat exchanger can create a swirl flow along the length of the heat exchanger. It also caused a boundary layer separation-reattachment on the wall of the inner pipe. Moreover, an increase in the twist angle increased the Nusselt number by %,20 and the friction factor was also increased as the annular gap of the heat exchanger decreased.
Źródło:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering; 2022, 27, 2; 199--216
1734-4492
2353-9003
Pojawia się w:
International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies