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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Status of women in the Republic of Turkey.
    Autorzy:
    Joanna, Hetnarowicz,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/894553.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-04-30
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    European Union
    human rights
    Republic of Turkey
    women’s rights.
    Opis:
    The article “Status of women in the Republic of Turkey” examines the issueof an ambiguous predicament of feminine part of the society in one of the European Union’s candidate countries. The objective of the article is to attempt to answer the following question: what are the reasons of social acceptance for violating women’s rights in Turkey? In order to examine the issue, this paper describes and compares legal status (past and present) concerning Turkish women and the instances of abusing their rights. Big contrast shown between them raises other questions. In the end all reflections lead to conclusion that patriarchal heritage and Kemalism’s inadvertences are the two main reasons responsible for current predicament of Turkish women. The whole article refers to the efforts of Turkey to become an EU member, as it plays a significant role there in the process of law modernisation. Artykuł bada zagadnienie, jakim jest niejednoznaczne położenie kobiet w jednym z krajów kandydujących do członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej – w Turcji. Rozważania będące treścią artykułu oscylują wokół pytania o przyczyny społecznej akceptacji dla łamania praw kobiet w tym państwie. By na nie odpowiedzieć, z jednej strony poruszona zostaje kwestia stanu prawnego (niegdysiejszego oraz obecnego), dotyczącego kwestii równouprawnienia, z drugiej zaś zostają opisane aktualne przypadki naruszeń praw kobiet. Duży kontrast pomiędzy tym, co państwo tureckie gwarantuje w różnego rodzaju aktach prawnych, a rzeczywistą trudną sytuacją, w jakiej znajdują się tamtejsze kobiety, prowokuje do stawiania kolejnych pytań. Ostatecznie, rozważania prowadzą do wniosku, iż to patriarchalne tradycje oraz ideologia kemalistyczna są dwiema głównymi przyczynami, które doprowadziły do obecnej - dość ambiwalentnej – sytuacji, w której tkwią dziś tureckie kobiety. W całym artykule pojawiają się liczne nawiązania do starań Turcji, by zostać członkiem Unii Europejskiej – jest to bowiem istotny powód, który od wielu lat wpływa na modernizację prawa w tym kraju
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Europejski; 2013, 3 (29); 99-114
    1641-2478
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Europejski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Tension between Human Rights Protection and the Necessity to Ensure Public Security in the Context of Polish Anti-terrorism Law
    Autorzy:
    Marta, Kolendowska-Matejczuk,
    Krzysztof, Szczucki,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903035.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    anti-terrorism law
    constitutional law
    human rights
    principle of proportionality
    security
    freedom
    Opis:
    Recurrent events of a terrorist character, especially those occurring not in arenas of armed conflict or in countries that are not – at least formally – at war with others, make it necessary not only to consider a redefinition of the state security systems, but also to reflect deeply on the human rights-inspired paradigms accepted hitherto. Regardless of one’s convictions and interpretation of current events, it is difficult to avoid repeating questions concerning the efficiency of public authorities and our legal system in the context of European experiences with terrorism. It is necessary to examine whether the commonly recognized constitutional and human rights standards facilitate the development by the state of instruments aimed at the effective prevention of terrorism. In the process of enacting and applying anti-terrorist laws one must pay heed to the mutual relations between goods protected and violated by a given regulation. As noted above, there is no freedom without security, but also there is no security without freedom. This tension makes a proportionality test very troublesome. The legislator should, above all, harmonize the axiological contexts of the provisions constructed thereby, so that they are orientated towards the protection of both security and freedom.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2016, 68; 153-180
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    W poszukiwaniu remedium na bezradność jednostki wobec unikania przez sądy krajowe pytań prejudycjalnych do TSUE – stanowisko ETPCz i sądów konstytucyjnych państw członkowskich
    Autorzy:
    Hubert, Bekisz,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902356.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-01-17
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    preliminary reference
    European Court of the Human Rights
    constitutional courts
    pytanie prejudycjalne
    Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka
    sądy konstytucyjne
    Opis:
    Preliminary reference to the CJEU is one of the most important achievements of the EU law. In the multicentric legal system it becomes a kind of guarantee to ensure a uniform interpretation of the EU law by courts of the Member States. However, not only is preliminary ruling an aid for judges, who adjudicate cases connected with EU law, but also it might create a possibility for individuals to have their EU rights protected. Unfortunately, EU law does not predict any effective measure, which would protect individual, when a court of the Member State unlawfully refuses to make a preliminary reference. An interesting phenomenon is an attempt to fill this gap by the European Court of Human Rights and constitutional courts of the Member States (especially the German Federal Constitutional Court) in recent years. In their case law, refusing to make a preliminary reference by courts, which are obligated to do that, was qualified as a violation of the right to a fair trial (ECHR) or the right to a lawful judge (constitutional courts). The aim of this article is to consider hitherto situation and to discuss it from the perspective of Polish law.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2018, 76; 32-63
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konstytucyjne gwarancje praw jednostki. Model szwedzki i nowozelandzki
    Autorzy:
    Katarzyna, Sikora,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903130.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-01-18
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    human rights and freedoms
    constitution
    civic guarantees
    state authorities
    prawa i wolności człowieka
    konstytucja
    gwarancje jednostki
    organy państwa
    Opis:
    The purpose of this article is to analyse and describe fundamental individual rights in relation to the Constitution of Sweden and New Zealand. Basic human rights include the right to dignity, right to liberty and the right to equality. Everyone is equally entitled regardless of origin, race, gender or education. Based on the analysis of several acts concerning the constitutional legislation of both countries it is evident that there is a lack of uniformity the nature of these have been complex and difficult to convey. Concerning Sweden, the Constitution consists of four acts in which the act of government includes standards governing and representing protection of the rights a liberty of a citizen. Constitutional legislation of New Zealand is more complicated because it consists of the Treaty of Waitangi 1840, The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, numerous laws, statutes setting up by the New Zealand Parliament as well as numerous constitutional customs, which may constitute legal standards and translate into precedent acts of courts. Despite the daily violation of rights in both Sweden and New Zealand, the complex legal systems protect and secure the rights of the people in their countries by introducing a series of laws and other regulations. The government of both countries, as well as public authority and other non-governmental organisations do their best to ensure they are respected and not violated. It should be noted that both Sweden and New Zealand have proven to comply with the obligations imposed on them under their national and international obligations with some undoubtable success, with generally well accepted principles in the whole civilised world.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2018, 76; 322-340
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Convergence of the Basis of Responsibility for a Crime (an Offense) and for an Administrative Delict and the Ne Bis In Idem Principle in the Polish Law
    Autorzy:
    Anna, Zientara,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902832.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-03-11
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    ne bis in idem
    case law
    Constitutional Tribunal
    European Court of Human Rights
    orzecznictwo
    Trybunał Konstytucyjny
    Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka
    Opis:
    This study presents the case law of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal referring to the ne bis in idem principle and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights issued on the basis of Article 4 of Protocol No. 7 to the European Convention on Human Rights. The work also includes the discussion of solutions adopted in Polish law in the case when a person meets both the signs of a crime/offense and the premises of administrative responsibility of a punitive (repressive) nature in a single unlawful act. For many years, a system-wide solution to this type of convergence was missing in Polish law. The situation changed last year with the introduction of Article 189f to the Code of Administrative Procedure. However, as indicated in the study, this provision does not fully implement the ne bis in idem standard developed by the European Court of Human Rights.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2019, 82; 328-342
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monitoring of the employee’s Internet use in the workplace in the light of selected case law of the European Court of Human Rights and Polish case law
    Autorzy:
    Karolina, Mania,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020-02-02
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    European Court of Human Rights
    Internet use
    monitoring
    workplace
    Internet law
    Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka
    wykorzystanie Internetu
    miejsce pracy
    prawo Internetu
    Opis:
    Artykuł stanowi analizę wybranego orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka (ETPC) i orzecznictwa polskiego w zakresie monitoringu wykorzystywania Internetu przez pracownika w miejscu pracy. Wybór przedmiotu badawczego został oparty na obserwacji Autorki w zakresie istnienia niuansów i rozbieżności orzecznictwa ETPC w badanym temacie, jak i rozpoznania rosnącej istotności zagadnienia w kontekście wzrastającego korzystania z sieci Internet przez pracowników w pracy. Badania przeprowadzono wykorzystując takie metody badawcze, jak: analiza treści, metoda prawno-porównawcza i metoda formalno-dogmatyczna.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Europejski; 2019, 4; 63-77
    1641-2478
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Europejski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Supreme People’s Court of China in the Process of Judicial Reform
    Autorzy:
    Baosheng, Zhang,
    Yin, Li,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903025.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-28
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Supreme People’s Court of China
    judicial reform
    human rights
    evidence rule system
    Najwyższy Sąd Ludowy
    reforma sądowa
    prawa człowieka
    system dowodów
    Opis:
    The text presents judicial reforms of the Supreme People’s Court of China (SPC). The author argues that during a twenty-year period, the role of the SPC has underwent two major transitions. Firstly, its role of a dispute solver evolved into a designer and a leading voice of the judicial system in China. Secondly, it shifted its position from a passive implementer of laws and policies into an active public policy maker. The text also offers an insight into the SPC’s enhancement of human rights protection, efforts to establish the evidence rule system, as well as its role in promoting judicial transparency.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2019, 81; 320-332
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Transpozycja zasady non-refoulement do polskiego systemu ochrony uchodźców
    Autorzy:
    Maciej, Grześkowiak,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903112.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-01-17
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    refugee
    non-refoulement
    human rights
    public international law
    European Union law
    expulsion
    extradition
    uchodźcy
    prawa człowieka
    prawo międzynarodowe publiczne
    prawo Unii Europejskiej
    wydalenie
    ekstradycja
    Opis:
    The paper aims at examining the influence of international legislations on the scope and content of the non-refoulement principle as articulated in the Polish law. Its shape on the Polish national ground is in fact a sum of influences stemming from external law systems. The article is based on the determination of three major sources of the refugee law that shape the content of the principle: public international law, European Union law and Polish national law. The Author first scrutinises the scope and content of the principle as laid down in crucial legislations belonging to these three sources which later enables their comparison and examination of the impact they make on one another in terms of conceptualisation of the principle of non-refoulement. The EU law reflects and specifies mechanisms established in the public international law which are further specified on a national ground. The final product is a national structure of the principle which is far more specific than the one known from the 1951 Refugee Convention that first stipulated it. The Author concludes with pointing at flaws and inaccuracies in a national articulation of the principle.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2018, 76; 199-217
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    „Sprawa Sahary Zachodniej” – znaczenie instytucji sądowych Unii Europejskiej dla stosowania mechanizmu ocen skutków ochrony praw człowieka w sferze stosunków handlowych z państwami trzecimi
    Autorzy:
    Katarzyna, Szepelak,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/895033.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-10-05
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    human rights
    EU law
    extraterritorial HR protection
    Western Sahara
    Front Polisario
    international law
    prawa człowieka
    prawo UE
    ekstraterytorialna ochrona praw człowieka
    Sahara Zachodnia
    prawo międzynarodowe
    Opis:
    Article presents the problem of applying human rights impact assessments by the EU institutions in the trade relations with the third countries and influence of case-law of judiciary institutions of European Union on the development of said instrument. For that purpose instrument of human rights impact assessments was presented along with the good practices regarding normative scope of assessments and desired methodology. Practical analysis of the instrument’s application were exemplified by the description of the EU-Morocco trade agreements influence on human rights of the people of Western Sahara. For that purpose author elaborates on the landmark case-law of the ECJ and EU GC in case of Front Polisario and examines the documents issued in the process of negotiation of the new trade deal within the EU and the Kingdom of Morocco.
    Źródło:
    Przegląd Europejski; 2019, 1; 163-185
    1641-2478
    Pojawia się w:
    Przegląd Europejski
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Konstytucyjne granice stosowania przymusu bezpośredniego względem oskarżonego. Uwagi na tle orzecznictwa TK i ETPCz
    Autorzy:
    Anna, Sikora,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902594.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-09-12
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    criminal proceedings
    accused
    judicature
    direct coercion
    Polish Constitutional Tribunal
    European Court of Human Rights
    postępowanie karne
    oksarżony
    orzecznictwo
    przymus bezpośredni
    Trybunał Konstytucyjny
    Europejski Trybunał Praw Człowieka
    Opis:
    The aim of the article is to present issues concerning the use of direct coercion against the accused. Indication of the basis and methods of the use of direct coercion in the criminal proceedings is extremely important, because of the values in which coercion measures interfere. Regulations which are going to be discussed during the dilatation consists legal rules defined by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal and the European Court of Human Rights.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2017, 69; 115-129
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, and the Limits of Popular Sovereignty: Rethinking the Polish Experience
    Autorzy:
    Ryszard, Piotrowski,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902983.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-05-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    separation of powers
    checks and balances
    rule of law
    democracy
    the Constitution
    human rights
    values
    sovereign
    privacy
    new technologies
    podział władzy
    kontrola i równowaga
    praworządność
    demokracja
    Konstytucja
    prawa człowieka
    wartości
    suwerenność
    prywatność
    nowe technologie
    Opis:
    The principle of checks and balances counts among the most fundamental constitutional values, as it is connected with the recognition and guaranteeing of human rights – in other words is the very essence of the Constitution, an act that limits the majority rule to allow for the rights and freedoms of the individual. Also of key importance is the connection of this precept with the essence of the democratic system, understood as one where the majority rule is constrained by human rights. The principle of checks and balances could function in full only in correspondence with culture of respect for human rights. The status of the sovereign needs legitimacy, which derives from the sovereign’s subordination to the Constitution. Being sovereign means being unsubordinated to anybody. It is thus fair to conclude that the attribute of sovereignty actually belongs to the values that have been shaped by culture and linked to the timeless moral rules and principles corresponding to humanity’s eternal dilemmas – the values that create the constitutional culture, i.e. a community’s set of values. The sovereign does not exercise the supreme authority over values, and the values are embodied in the Constitution, which is inseparably linked with the people and their sovereignty. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland reflects the precepts of liberal democracy, or such kind of democracy where the sources of human rights do not stem from the will of the majority. The model of governance adopted in the Constitution could be described as consensual democracy. Constitutional practice has taken a course where the system of consensual democracy – as laid down in the Constitution of Poland, with the power of the majority being constrained by rights of the minority – is turning into a system of a majority democracy, based not on a dialogue between the majority and the opposition, but on the power of a parliamentary majority who disregards the systemic role of the opposition.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2019, 79; 78-91
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The System of Justice: European Safeguards
    Autorzy:
    Hanna, Machińska,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/903072.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-05-04
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    independence of judiciary
    preservation of the rule of law
    European safeguards of the system of justice
    respect for human rights
    niezależność wymiaru sprawiedliwości
    zachowanie rządów prawa
    europejskie zabezpieczenie systemu wymiaru sprawiedliwości
    poszanowanie rządów prawa
    Opis:
    The rule of law, human rights, and democracy are the three pillars of functioning of the European states. The concept of the rule of law is very deeply rooted in the idea of the European integration since 1949 when the Council of Europe was established. The rule of law is understood as: respect for the separation of powers, duty for the executive power to respect law, observance of the rule of the compliance with the law, respect for legal certainty and the principle of res iudicata, maintenance of judicial control of the executive power, exercise of the right to court ,guarantee of a fair trial and existence of an effective appeals remedy. In many countries rule of law are in danger. That is why European safeguards plays an important role.European safeguards means different instruments in form of monitoring reports of the Council of Europe institutions , opinion of the Venice Commission, fact finding missions etc. which creates a critical illustration of the situation of the member states. The EU law creates the legal procedures based on the art. 7 of the EU Treaty as well as on the art. 258 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the EU which effectively can stop rule of law backsliding in the EU countries. On the side of the member states of the EU the preliminary ruling procedure can effectively stopped the violation of the EU law and principles. European safeguards are not limited to the European institutions. The UN reports on democracy, rule of law and human rights contribute fundamentally to the proper implementation of these principles. In order to respect fully the rule of law, democracy and human rights a closer cooperation and a better coherence is needed. The way how the violation of the rule of law, democracy and human rights were limited in Poland shows the importance and effectiveness of the European the European safeguards.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2019, 79; 107-116
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New technologies or new human rights: the right to a government by humans and the right to one’s own thoughts?
    Autorzy:
    Ryszard, Piotrowski,
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/902813.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-01-17
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    new technologies
    human rights
    artificial intelligence
    democracy
    right to privacy
    the right to a government by humans
    the right to one’s own thoughts
    nowe technologie
    prawa człowieka
    sztuczna inteligencja
    prawo do prywatności
    prawo do rządu sprawowanego przez ludzi
    prawo do własnych myśli
    Opis:
    The rapid development of information and communication technology has made it imperative that new human rights be spelled out, to cope with an array of expected threats associated with this process. With artificial intelligence being increasingly put to practical uses, the prospect arises of Man’s becoming more and more AI-dependant in multiple walks of life. This necessitates that a constitutional and international dimension be imparted to a right that stipulates that key state-level decisions impacting human condition, life and freedom must be made by humans, not automated systems or other AI contraptions. But if artificial intelligence were to make decisions, then it should be properly equipped with value-based criteria. The culture of abdication of privacy protection may breed consent to the creation and practical use of technologies capable to penetrate an individual consciousness without his or her consent. Evidence based on such thought interference must be barred from court proceedings. Everyone’s right to intellectual identity and integrity, the right to one’s thoughts being free from technological interference, is as essential for the survival of the democratic system as the right to privacy – and it may well prove equally endangered.
    Źródło:
    Studia Iuridica; 2018, 76; 283-296
    0137-4346
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Iuridica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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