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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16
Tytuł:
The Main Problems in the Relations Between the European Union and Turkey
Autorzy:
Chelidze, Guranda
Machitidze, Elisabed
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1633820.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Turkey
European Union
Relations
Membership
Opis:
This paper depicts the dynamics of the EU-Turkey relations beginning from the signing of the association agreement, i.e. the Ankara contract, to date. In addition, it aims to specify the factors preventing the bilateral collaboration and achievement of EU membership as aspired to by Ankara. The paper focuses on both the internal and international problems arising on Turkey's path to EU membership, namely, the westernisation trend originating from Kemal Ataturk times, recent developments in Turkey, the democratisation of political institutions, the rule of law and protection of human rights, regional security, Turkey's part in the refugee crisis, visafree travel, Greek-Turkey relationships, Ankara's stance towards Cyprus, the Kurdish problem, and the Turkey-US and Turkey-Russia relationships. The authors discuss the EU Member States' attitude towards the political and socio-economic developments in Turkey and the way Ankara looks at the requirements put forward by those Member States. We suggest several methods of rapprochement and brighter bilateral prospects.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 2; 153-169
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Demokracja po turecku
Democracy in Turkish Style
Autorzy:
Chmielowska, Danuta
Sobczak, Mikołaj
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558031.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
Democracy
Constitution
Opis:
The text is an attempt to present the democratization’s process of the Republic of Turkey. The Republic was proclaimed in 1923. In the introduction the authors recalled an earlier period, namely the second half of XIXth century, when in the Ottoman Empire had occured the ideas of constitutional order (1876). The Empire had been looking for ways and means to join the modern world following earlier examples of European monarchies.The next period- the fi rst half of XXth century – was marked by the Republic of Turkey.There are striking similarities between emerging the Republic of Turkey and the Second Polish Republic. The emergences not only took place at the same time but also had been driven by similar factors and processes. In the both cases countries were led by great personalities, who had not belonged to the core nations, which they headed to democracy. The both leaders had to face powers willing to destroy young democracies and unfriendly attitudes of the Western powers.They both also „miraculously” saved their countries when enemies’ troops were close to the capitals. After the World War II our ways to democracy were different. Today, however, we can see that the ways led in the same direction and theywere infl uenced by similar circumstances. Perhaps these circumstances have caused that the political developments in both countries are almost identical. 1. The both above mentioned leaders at the beginning of the last century made coup d’etat by military force. 2. In Poland, after WWII politicians had been under the supervision of „brotherly neighbor”. In Turkey the supervision was performed by the military. Perhaps it created longing for a new leader. 3. In both countries the roles of religion and its institutions were marginalized. Perhaps this stimulated desire for a chief motivated by the faith. Perhaps it is not a coincidence that both Poland and Turkey are looked upon by the West as countries leading in democratic transformations in their respective regions, which for obscure reasons have started to move towards an authoritarian rule. In both cases foreign observers talk about the lack of understanding of the essence of democracy, which is a consensus by the societies as well as by the ruling elites. In each state power is exercised by a single party of chieftain character and the permanent expansion of power at the expence of democratic institutions has been justified as the will of nation as a whole.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 4; 205-232
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Migration Crisis and Its Impact on the Internal Situation in Turkey
Autorzy:
Liszkowska, Dominika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558257.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Migration Crisis;
Turkey;
Refugees;
Syria;
Opis:
The aim of this article is to discuss the impact of the migration crisis on the social situation in Turkey. The article consists of three parts. In the first part, the author discusses the role of Turkey in overcoming the migration crisis along with statistics concerning the number of refugees in this country. The second part presents the state’s policy towards Syrian refugees and its evolution. The third part includes an analysis of the consequences which the migration crisis and the infl ux of refugees has caused in the socio-political situation of Turkey. This part also contains an analysis of public opinion surveys on the attitude of Turks towards the refugee community.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2020, 24, 3; 63-83
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Surviving a Coma? Türkiye-EU Relations in Times of Crises (2005-2022)
Autorzy:
İçener, Erhan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Türkiye
Turkey
European Union
Enlargement
Cyprus
Opis:
Türkiye's EU membership negotiation process has been comatose since its early years. Now, in 2022, the seventeenth year of negotiations, the final destination of Türkiye's EU journey is still far from certain. And recent debates on Türkiye-EU relations focus on whether Türkiye should be an EU member rather than why or when. There has been increasing criticism directed at each other and waning interest in Türkiye's EU integration while the EU and Türkiye have faced major crises in the last two decades. This article aims to analyse key factors and issues influencing Türkiye's EU accession process on the road to the current stalemate since the beginning of accession negotiations in 2005: (a) the Europeanisation of the Cyprus issue (the role of EU Member States and conditionality), (b) deEuropeanisation in Türkiye (the role of conditionality), (c) the return of geopolitics (the role of security considerations and contextual changes), and (d) the July 15th failed coup attempt (the role of conditionality and contextual changes). It finally explores the EU's commitment to enlargement and debates on its alternatives (the role of Member States, and EU institutions and narratives).
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 71-91
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU–Turkey Accession Negotiations: Towards a Diplomatic Failure?
Autorzy:
Osiewicz, Przemysław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952079.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Union
European integration
EU enlargement
Turkey
Opis:
The ongoing EU–Turkey accession negotiations are probably the most complex talks related to the enlargement process in the EU’s history. Although they were initiated in 2005, so far both sides have managed to provisionally close only one out of 35 negotiation chapters. What’s more, the bilateral relations between the EU and Turkey are growing more and more tense. The most recent developments only prove that the talks may grind to a halt. It seems that both sides are tired of the endless negotiations and unexpected events, like the 2016 coup d’état in Turkey. The main aim of this article is to analyse the current political developments related to EU–Turkey negotiations in detail and find answers to two research questions. Will Turkey and the European Union face a diplomatic failure? What are the potential short-term scenarios?
Źródło:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies; 2017, 20; 153-168
1428-1503
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NATO-Türkiye Relations: From Irreplaceable Partner to Questionable Ally
Autorzy:
Bölme, Selin M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131125.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Turkey
Türkiye
NATO
United States
Transatlantic Security
Opis:
With Russia's invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022, Türkiye's role in NATO has once again become a topic of intellectual discussion, with many observers arguing that a revival of Russian power would lead to Türkiye's return to the alliance as a good-standing member, while others questioned the likelihood of such a scenario due to the country's political transformation. This is not the first time Türkiye's role within the alliance has become a subject of debate. Türkiye is often described as a valuable and dedicated partner of NATO. Yet, since the beginning of its membership, the country's role in the alliance has been questioned more than that of any other member state. This article seeks to analyse NATO's relations with Türkiye and the country's role within the alliance from a historical perspective. It aims to understand the debates on Türkiye's role within NATO by focusing on the moments of transformation in relations. The main assumption of this article is that, from the beginning of Türkiye's membership process, TurkishAmerican relations have been the main determinant of Türkiye-NATO relations. Türkiye's role, defence, and identity have always been questioned by European members. But these debates on Türkiye had, until as recently as the 2010s, been directed and/or suppressed by the US in accordance with its own interests. The US had been the main supporter of Türkiye in the alliance against the opposition and criticism of Europeans in exchange for Türkiye's commitment to US policies. While differences on interests and values between the US and Türkiye became more visible after 2010, Türkiye failed to secure the support of the alliance's European members to fill the gap left by the waning US support. Indeed, the differences between them grew from security-based issues, to wider, more major identity issues.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 93-116
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Evolution of the Socio-political Situation of the Republic of Türkiye in the 20th Century - Efforts Towards the Europeanisation of the Society and State
Autorzy:
Chmielowska, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Democracy
Kemal Ataturk
Türkiye
Turkey
Ottoman Empire
Opis:
The events related to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye contributed to a complete departure from the system of constitutional monarchy in favour of a parliamentary democracy. Owing to the decisions on Europeanisation and implemented reforms, i.e., adopting a Civil Code based on the Swiss code, a Criminal Code reflecting the Italian code, a Commercial Code underpinned by the German code (1924), and the transition to the Latin alphabet which replaced Arabic (1928), as well as education reforms (1925), women's suffrage (1934), and the introduction of surnames (1935), etc. the Turkish people became a European society, aware of their rights and obligations. The transition from a singleparty regime to a multi-party period (1946) allowed for democracy to be consolidated. Türkiye's participation in strictly European and international political and military organisations was of vital significance and turned the country into an extremely important state. Its failed efforts to join the EEC, and, subsequently, the European Union, resulted in Türkiye abandoning its interest in this form of cooperation (1997). The socio-political transformations that took place in the 20th century, highlighted in this article, characterise this dynamically changing period. The evolution of the views of Turkish society was clearly marked in the second half of the 20th century, which led to serious changes in the mindsets of the Turkish people and completely altered the image of the country post-2002, allowing the newly established Justice and Development Party to assume power (2002).
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 7-29
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosunki turecko-ormiańskie w świetle opinii tureckiej
Turkish-Armenian Relations in the Light of Turkish Opinion
Autorzy:
Chmielowska, Danuta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558299.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Armenians,
Armenia,
Turkey,
Genocide of Armenians,
Turkish-Armenian Negotiations
Opis:
Turkey, as a state operating in accordance with the well-known saying by its first President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Evde sulh cihanda sulh, and aspiring to good relations with all its neighbours, started negotiations on establishing diplomatic relations with Armenians in 2009, using Switzerland as a mediator. Armenia’s increasing economic and financial dependency on Russia contributes to the growing poverty in widening social circles in the country, which are to a certain extent interested in opening the border with Turkey. Cross-border trading could improve the material situation of many Armenians. Turkey, on the other hand, aspires – although not unanimously – to join the European Union, who is pressuring it to raise the standards of, among other things, democratic behaviour towards its ethnic minorities; the current Turkish government is therefore very interested in softening and regulating its relations also with Armenia (who wants to strengthen its relations with Europe), which would be very well received by the West and to a certain extent move forward the difficult process of integrating Turkey with the EU. Therefore in both countries, Armenia and Turkey, the trends towards establishing diplomatic relations and open the borders have been growing recently. This was supported by the pressure from the USA, as the American diplomacy was making efforts to bring both feuding countries to start negotiating.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2017, 4; 203-218
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
2018's 'Political System Change' and Its Impact on Party Politics in Türkiye
Autorzy:
İçener, Zeyneb Çağlıyan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131128.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Türkiye
Turkey
System Debate
Change
Presidential System
Party Politics
Democracy
Opis:
The Republic of Türkiye was founded on Ottoman parliamentary tradition introduced in 1878. However, debates on system change have always been on the agenda. The Turkish political elite has occasionally presented proposals on the need to shift from a parliamentary to a presidential system. The times of political crises set a suitable ground for such favourable arguments. This article focuses primarily on the realisation of the system change witnessed under Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's leadership. In the first part, it argues that the three-phase strategy of the AK Party has made its political dreams come true. An issue is first popularised, then narrativised, and finally securitised. Consequently, the new presidential government system was adopted with the April 16th, 2017 referendum. The article analyses how the system change has modified the formation of such alliances among the political parties beyond customary ways. It questions to what extent this novel dimension of party politics would be sustainable. The second part thus elaborates on the formation of alliances and the efforts to make them functional on the way to consensual politics. Lijphart's classification of democracies as majoritarian governments versus consensus governments has provided a theoretical base for a discussion on the return to a strengthened parliamentary system. The article sheds light on the new dynamics of government/opposition relations and their influence on Turkish democracy.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 31-53
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Türkiye's Economic Diplomacy: Enhancing the Impact and Coherence of Türkiye's External Actions as an Emerging Strategy
Autorzy:
Özçobanlar, Özçobanlar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131131.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Economic Diplomacy
Diplomacy
Türkiye
Turkey
Foreign Policy
Trade
International Organisation
Opis:
This article refers to the economic diplomacy of Türkiye and illustrates some changes during the history of the country's political and economic diplomacy. The background of the economic diplomacy process has been clarified and detailed information has been included. Bipolar and unipolar periods are analysed within the framework of economic and political diplomacies in their natural state. The development process of the Turkish economic diplomacy strategy is identified during particular periods in Turkish history. The structural transformation of Türkiye as regards its inward-oriented to outward-oriented economic policies has been evaluated. The mechanisms of Türkiye's multi-directional foreign policy, bilateral trade, and diplomatic relations between Türkiye, the EU and other countries are examined. The role of dependence and interdependence in economics are given in the context of economic globalisation. For this research, the historical methodology has been used. It is suggested that collaborative problem solving with all the institutions involved in economic and political decisions could lead to better outcomes for the country in the international arena.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 143-173
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Türkiyes Migration Experience and Policy Orientations: Integrating Syrians in Higher Education
Autorzy:
Küçükcan, Talip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131621.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Migration
İrregular Migrants
Migration Policy
Türkiye
Syrians in Türkiye
Turkey
Opis:
Türkiye has had multidimensional migration experience not only in its past, but also in its present that has led to the formation of a dynamic migration policy to govern such a dynamic process. Türkiye's migration policy has been informed and shaped by its geopolitical location as a migrant receiving, labour migrant sending, and migrant transit country. Today, Türkiye hosts the largest number of migrants and refugees in the world with a far-reaching social, political, and economic impact on the country. This article aims to shed light on the multidimensional migration experience of Türkiye and analyse its migration policies to govern manifold challenges brought about by the presence of almost 6 million foreigners in the country. It is argued in this article that the integration of migrants in general and of Syrians in particular remains a major challenge for Türkiye. Therefore, this article recommends that Turkish decision makers should make short and long-term plans for the integration of Syrians as the current conditions indicate that it is unlikely that Syrians will return in any significant numbers any time soon even though the Turkish government has initiated a number of projects in parts of Northern Syria for the safe and voluntary return of its countrymen and women. One important area of integration in this context is higher education, which would enable Syrians to have access to employment and social mobility that would benefit both themselves and Türkiye.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 175-193
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ kryzysu migracyjnego Unii Europejskiej na stosunki grecko-tureckie
Greek–Turkish Relations, UE and Migration Problem
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Artur
Ilik, Goran
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558338.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Greece,
Turkey,
European Union,
Foreign Policy,
International Dispute,
Migration Crisis
Opis:
In 2015 the European Union was faced with a huge problem – the migration crisis, which saw more than a million migrants crossing the EU borders. Almost 900,000 came to the EU from Turkey. Migrants travelled from the Turkish Anatolian coast to the nearby Greek islands in the Aegean Sea. The Aegean has for decades seen territorial disputes between Greece and Turkey concerning delimitation of the boundaries of the continental shelf, territorial waters, airspace. Turkey also claims the right to the Greek islands at its shores. Mass migration of Muslims to Greek islands contribute to escalations of tensions between Athens and Ankara. Greece is getting increasingly concerned about the possibility of Turkey using the "demographic weapon".
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2017, 3; 33-57
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Greek–Turkish Relations, UE and Migration Problem
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Artur
Ilik, Goran
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/419550.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Greece
Turkey
European Union
Foreign policy
International dispute
Migration crisis
Opis:
In 2015 the European Union was faced with a huge problem – the migration crisis, which saw more than a million migrants crossing the EU borders. Almost 900,000 came to the EU from Turkey. Migrants travelled from the Turkish Anatolian coast to the nearby Greek islands in the Aegean Sea. The Aegean has for decades seen territorial disputes between Greece and Turkey concerning delimitation of the boundaries of the continental shelf, territorial waters, airspace. Turkey also claims the right to the Greek islands at its shores. Mass migration of Muslims to Greek islands contribute to escalations of tensions between Athens and Ankara. Greece is getting increasingly concerned about the possibility of Turkey using the ‘demographic weapon’.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies; 2016, 19; 187-210
1428-1503
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Polish European Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Security in Turkish Politics: An Analysis of the Political Discourse of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Autorzy:
Szymański, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131127.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Political Discourse
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Securitisation
Turkish Politics
Türkiye
Turkey
Opis:
The goal of this paper is to investigate two presidential terms in Türkiye in order to compare the place of security in the political discourse of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in particular, and in Turkish politics at this time in general. The mixed methodological approach has been taken in the article. The MAXQDA software program has been used to collect and analyse data from more than 850 of President Erdoğan's speeches. The key research questions are as follows: how important are the security issues in the political rhetoric of the President? Are there any differences in this regard between Erdoğan's first and second presidency? Did the state of emergency and introduction of the presidential system make any difference in this regard? What are the reasons for the place of security, as identified in the analysis, in Turkish political discourse and politics?
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 55-70
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Strategic Base in the Global Supply Chain: Türkiye
Autorzy:
Aydın, Kenan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131120.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-10
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
Silk Road
One Belt One Road Project
Logistics
Logistics Base
Türkiye
Turkey
Logistics Centres
Opis:
Türkiye is becoming a new base in the global supply chain due to its geopolitical position and the cost advantages it provides. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, logistics problems, especially production and transportation costs, have further strengthened Türkiye's position in this context. Türkiye's strategic location, strong logistics infrastructure, costeffective and qualified workforce, along with a liberal investment climate, offer a suitable environment for international companies. Türkiye ranks well in the World Bank's Logistics Performance Index, which evaluates countries' logistics performance in customs, transportation, and infrastructure. Türkiye has served as a bridge between the east and west since historical times. During the Seljuk period, caravanserais and other infrastructure and service areas were established in Anatolia to support commercial activities. The Silk Road, which had an important place until a certain period of the Ottoman Empire, lost its importance due to other developments. The “One Belt One Road Project” initiated by China, still in progress and planned to be completed in 2049, will make Türkiye even more important in terms of the global supply chain in the next 10 years. İpekyolu follows the northern and southern routes in Anatolia. With China's “One Belt One Road Project”, the Silk Road will regain its former importance as the “Modern Silk Road”. Chinese President Xi Jinping first mentioned the Land and Sea Silk Road project in one of his speeches in 2013. It has been decided to name these two projects as the “Belt and Road Initiative-BRI” or the “One Belt One Road-OBOR” project. The word belt constitutes the land route of the project, which includes highways, railways, oil and natural gas pipelines, and infrastructure investments. The word road includes the sea routes covered by the project. The routes of these corridors are provided by multi-dimensional corridors in the direction of Asia-Europe instead of a single route. Within the scope of this project, many infrastructure investments are made in Türkiye as well. In this study, the cost advantages that Türkiye will provide to the global supply chain will be evaluated due to both its cost and geographical location and the infrastructure investments made.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 117-141
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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