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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Nation and Empire Building the Iranian Way. The Case of the Sasanian Empire in the 3rd Century
    Autorzy:
    SYVÄNNE, Ilkka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517529.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    Iran
    Persia
    Sasanians
    Parthians
    Zoroastrianism
    Religion
    Rome
    Military
    Opis:
    The article concentrates its attention on the practical aspects of the nation and empire building so that it: 1) Analyzes what methods, means and myths the founder Ardašīr I and his immediate successors used in the building of the Iranian nation and then the empire; 2) Provides an analysis of the importance of history and religion in the making of national myths so that the article analyzes how the Iranian leadership rewrote the past together with its religion for the purpose of uniting under their flag all those who spoke the Iranian dialects and/or practiced ancient Iranian religions, 3) Investigates what methods the Sasanians used to control the subjects; 4) Shows how the original set of falsified historical myths and the core set of religious beliefs were altered to meet the changing reality. 5) Asks whether the above provides any lessons for modernity.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Świat; 2018, 7; 71-86
    2299-2464
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Świat
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Przedstawienie irańskich końskich pancerzy w azerbejdżańskim romansie Varqa i Gulshah z początku 13 wieku. O sasanidzkiej? genezie elementu końskiego oporządzenia w okresie seldżuckim
    Depiction of Iranian horse barding in the early 13th century Azerbaijanian epic, Romance of Varqa and Gulshah. On Sasanian origin of horse protection in the Seljuk period.
    Autorzy:
    Kubik, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517644.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    Sassanian Persia
    Iran
    History
    Archaeology
    Late Antiquity
    Relief
    Opis:
    The richly illustrated 13th century Seljuk manuscript Varqa and Gulshah from Azerbaijan provides a number of lavish miniatures, some depicting armored warriors riding horses covered with richly decorated caparisons. The illustrations show that the long caparisons were multi-layered, an indication that they were designed to provide offer some protection for the mounts. Despite the scholars’ opposing opinions, the author maintains that caparisons were well established in Islamic armies as attested by literary sources and iconography. Moreover, the existence of rich terminology concerning different types of horse armor clearly evidences the relative popularity of horse protection. Although the bardings had been were known in by various cultures for in the millennia before the Seljuks, however, the direct inspiration for the appearance of caparisons at that time should must be associated with the Sasanian tradition. Furthermore, the article discusses protective properties qualities of caparisons in which these were provided in a variety of fashions. Firstly, protection was provided could be afforded simply by padding consisting of using a number of textile layers. For instance, metallic armor such as maille or leather armor such as lamellar could have been were stitched into the padded or fabric barding. The – the former is attested in the Islamic world but can be traced back to earlier Iranian traditions.; The evidence for the latter type comes is evidenced from Firuzabad reliefs. However, scattered metal plates attached to the caparisons in random patterns, do not seem to have had any protective function; value they and were merely a the part of decoration. Post-Sasanian origin of Seljuk protective caparisons should be found well evidenced and most probable.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Świat; 2014, 3; 61-71
    2299-2464
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Świat
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Sasanian horse armor
    Autorzy:
    Skupniewicz, Patryk
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517641.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    Archaeology
    History
    Iran
    Late Antiquity
    Relief army
    Sassanian Persia
    Opis:
    The goal of the paper is to define general types and the evolution of horse armor employed by elite warriors of Sasanian Iran, basing on literary sources and iconographical evidence with minor reference to archaeological finds in wider Eurasian perspective. The horse armor was an important part of cavalry equipment already in the chariot warfare however its re-emergence in mounted combat occurred when heavy cavalry was developed. The article divides Sasanian horse armor into several groups: 1. One-piece body protection, which overall cover mounts body the way modern horse blankets do. Within the group one may find following subgroups: 1.a Caparisons – known from numerous works of art (rock reliefs illustrating scenes of mounted combat at Firusbad and Nakš e Rostam as well as the on so-called Shapur cameo currently held in Louvre) having long Near Eastern and Eurasian tradition. 1.b Scale barding – which in fact is a sort of caparison covered with metallic scales sewn onto textile horse blanket, testified by literary sources, known from archaeological evidence from Dura Europos (despite the fact that these examples belonged to Roman cavalry, it is clear that they were fashioned in Iranian manner). Scale bardings of the type are known also from the works of art like graffito from Dura Europos, Trajan’s column, sculpture of Khalchayan and late Parthian Tang e Sarvak frieze. 1.c Chain mail horse armor – lacking strong and direct evidence from Sasanian period, iconography which may depict horses protected with chain-mail is rather crude however despite hypothetical nature, this sort of horse armor is very likely employed in Sasanian warfare. 2. Bardings composed of multiple elements and fragmentary bardings covering a part of the mount. Again these this group can be divided into two sub-groups: 2.a Full lamellar/laminar barding – can be identified on the sculpture of Khalchayan and late Parthian frieze Tang e Sarvak as well as on the seals of Late Sasanian spahbedan. They find numerous Central Asian (Old Turkic) and Far Eastern refernces. 2.b Fragmentary barding, best known from Taq e Bostan sculpture of an equestrian figure but with Central Asian, Chinese and Byzantine references. Following phases of barding development in ancient and early mediaeval Iran can be determined: 1. Late Achaemenid when armored cavalry required some protection for horses after employing shock tactics and subsequent close combat. 2. Mid Parthian, influenced by invasions of the steppe dwellers initiated by Xiong Nu expansion. Developed locally later. 3. Late Sasanian – resulting from contacts with Turkic warriors who transmitted some Eastern military technologies to Iran and through Avar influence to Europe.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Świat; 2014, 3; 35-59
    2299-2464
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Świat
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Parthian Cataphract vs. the Roman Army 53 BC-AD 224
    Autorzy:
    SYVÄNNE, Ilkka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517707.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-08-08
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    Parthia
    Parthian military
    cataphracts
    Roman military
    tactics
    Iran
    Persia
    Opis:
    This article provides a short overview of the Parthian military and it tactics, and what were the Roman responses to that and what were the Parthian countermeasures against the Roman methods from ca. 53 BC until AD 224. It also suggests that when the sources claim that the Parthian monarchs fielded massive numbers of cataphract cavalry that we should really accept what these sources state: namely that the entire Parthian cavalry force of Parthia proper was really encased in armour as cataphracts.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Świat; 2017, 6; 33-54
    2299-2464
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Świat
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Eyes and Ears: The Sasanian and Roman Spies ca. AD 222-450
    Autorzy:
    SYVÄNNE, Ilkka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
    Tematy:
    Rome
    Persia
    Iran
    intelligence gathering
    espionage
    scouting
    secret service
    military intelligence
    internal security
    external security
    religion
    justice
    Opis:
    The article The Eyes and Ears: 1) Provides a brief analysis of the several parallel security organizations of the two superpowers of antiquity when they were still at their prime; 2) Discusses both internal and external security matters; 3) Analyzes separately the military and civilian intelligence; 4) Examines the role of the religious organizations, ‘heresies’ and security; 5) Discusses briefly the ways in which the intelligence was obtained, analyzed, assessed and disseminated, and for what purpose; 6) Provides an overview of the successes and failures and of the limits of intelligence; 7) Demonstrates some similarities between modern and ancient practices.
    Źródło:
    Historia i Świat; 2016, 5; 107-131
    2299-2464
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia i Świat
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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